VITAMIN D AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
VITAMIN D AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Summary/Abstract: VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES SUCH AS RICKETS, OSTEOMALACIA, OSTEOPOROSIS, SKIN DISEASES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INFLAMMATION, INCREASED EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND DYSFUNCTION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS AND DECREASED VDR EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY, WHICH MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF VASCULAR DISEASES, SUCH AS ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ANEURYSMS, VASCULAR CALCIFICATIONS, AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. ALTHOUGH THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP HAS NOT BEEN IDENTIFIED YET.

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