Individualaus pasirinkimo pensijų sistemoje ribotas racionalumas
Bounded Rationality of an Individual Choice in the Lithuanian Pension System

Summary/Abstract: Straipsnyje siekiama išanalizuoti argumento „individualus pasirinkimas pensijų sistemoje“ naudojimą viešajame diskurse ir jo ribotą racionalumą. Taikomi šie tyrimo metodai: kokybinė ir kiekybinė analizė, mokslinės literatūros analizė. Buvo pasitelkti šie duomenų šaltiniai: 130 publikacijų iš portalo „Delfi“, paskelbtų 2010 01 01–2012 01 26, Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centro apklausos, kurias atliko kompanija „Rait“, ir Vertybinės popierių komisijos tyrimo duomenys. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad individualus pasirinkimas yra labai pabrėžiamas kalbant apie pensijų sistemą viešajame diskurse. Tai reiškia, kad pats asmuo geriausiai žino, jog turi prisiimti asmeninę atsakomybę už riziką. Tačiau visai neatsižvelgiama į racionalumo ribotumą, t. y. į tai, kad gyventojai yra nepakankamai informuoti apie socialinio draudimo sistemą ir investavimą, kad kaupiamojoje pensijų sistemoje jie veikia inertiškai, netinkamai pasirenka investavimo riziką. The article evaluates the theme of individual choice in the Lithuanian pension system and the limits of its rationality in public discourse. It presents an analysis of theoretical literature on the rational choice in pension system, examines the ways in which an “individual choice in pension system” argument is used in public discourse and appraises the level of information that the Lithuanian population has on the pension system. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used in the article. The empirical data analyzed in the article consist of 130 publications of the Internet portal “Delfi” from January 1, 2010, to January 26, 2012, a survey conducted by the market research company “RAIT” that was commissioned by the Lithuanian Social Research Centre and research material from the Securities Commission of the Republic of Lithuania. The analysis demonstrates that individual choice and personal responsibility are particularly emphasized in the Lithuanian public discourse. Personal responsibility for the risks is also stressed. On the other hand, as the academic research attests, an individual choice has bounded rationality, because people are not able to predict all risks, their priorities are often incoherent and their behavior can be marred by inertia and myopia. The research also shows that the bounded rationality of an individual choice in the Lithuanian pension system is related to the population’s lack of information on the pension system. Only one third of the Lithuanian population knows the amount of contribution they or their employers pay to the social insurance system. Less than the quarter of the population is aware that their pension from the social insurance system will be lower in the future because of their participation in a funded pension system. Most Lithuanians calculate pension fund risks incorrectly and only a small part of the population is able to forecast market trends and avoid risks.

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