Kostel sv. Petra. v Olomouci ve středověku z pohledu archeologických pramenů
An Archaelogical Perspective on the Medieval Church of St. Peter in Olomouc

Summary/Abstract: The Church of St. Peter was the oldest church in Olomouc, recorded in written sources as early as 1063 in connection with the restoration of the Moravian diocese. Th e see was transferred in 1141 to the Church of St. Wenceslaus. The onset of the thirteenth century (1207–1213) saw the Church of St. Peter settled by Augustinians, who lived here until the 1260s. By then the Church of St. Peter had become parish. Th e church was torn down due to the reforms of Joseph II in 1792. Excavation work in 1901 and 1902 and archaeological research in 1948 revealed the floor plan of the Gothic church, which was confirmed by additional research carried out between 2015 and 2017, which supplemented previously unseen details. The building with an almost square nave was vaulted with an arch supported by a central pillar. The two smaller pillars in front of the western front wall inside the nave sustained a loft with a staircase installed on the south-west side. Th e presbytery had a polygonal apse. A prismatic tower with a square fl oor plan stood in the axis of the western facade. The building was secured with a support system. In addition, the foundations of a space cut into the rock were uncovered south of the church and interpreted as the crypt of the Renaissance chapel of Saint Sebastian and Saint Roch. Fragments of walls older than those of the church itself were unearthed in the nave of the building. They had consisted a Romanesque wall built between 1204 and 1212 and demolished in the 1260s, when Bishop Bruno of Schauenburg commissioned the reconstruction of an older bishop’s court, on the site of the Romanesque Church of St. Peter. The demolition and transformation of the original Church of St. Peter (the latter jointly with the Augustinian monastery) paved the path for new church grounds in the south-east area beneath the castle. The older Romanesque church of St. Peter could have been somewhere around the south-east corner of the present Theresian Armoury, where the bishop’s court used to be.

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