Egzystencjał personalny nauczyciela – nowe podejście w dydaktyce ogólnej
Personal existentiality – towards the new concept in General Didactic

Summary/Abstract: The article indicates the possibility of using the basic term of philosophical anthropology, which is the Person (person-creating), in order to get out of the impersonal Marxist-Leninist epistemology burdening Polish general didactics. In order to make this procedure readable, the author undertook a critical look at the scientific work of Wincenty Okoń (1914–2011), who was considered an undisputed authority in the history of Polish post-war didactics. This criticism takes place against the background of the emerging essence of Man, illustrated by Karol Wojtyla (1920–2005), in the work known as Person and Act (1969). Thus, the article abounds in philosophical language and the neologisms resulting from it, which have not been used for a long time in the Polish discourse of teaching and learning theory. Such author’s concepts include “personal existence”, emphasizing the need to separate teaching as a way of Being, from other manifestations of human existence. On this basis, the existential profiles of academic lecturers were shown, derived theoretically from personalism. Three personal existences have been distinguished, which are an interpretation of the levels of teacher participation in his own lecture: (1) didactic (greek: didáskō, I teach); (2) heuristic (heuriskō, I seek – I find); (3) ginetic (ginōskō, I know through experience), consisting in experiencing my own subjectivity (self-experience of myself as a person), in the act of getting to know the taught subject and entities involved. Each of the three existences has a specific type of identity: (1) the passive performer of the activity, (2) the active creator of the work, and (3) the perpetrator of the teaching act experiencing a relationship with himself and others. The article has a propaedeutic nature. A full description of selected features and indicators of each profile and their in-depth theoretical and methodological assumptions constitute the main content of the doctoral dissertation and a separate publication prepared on its basis.

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