Priemysel na prahu nového storočia – implikácie pre Slovensko
INDUSTRY ON THE EVE OF THE NEW CENTURY – IMPLICATION FOR THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Summary/Abstract: This work which was supported by Science and Technology Assistance Agency under the contract No. APVT-51-023602 is divided into two main parts. The changing role of industry within differing models of economic growth is analysed in the first part. The attention is given above all to the so called deindustrialisation, its causes and implica-tions. The chapter tries to answer the question if the deindustrialisation means a weaken-ing or strengthening of the position of industry. The second part identifies the new condi-tions, driving forces and limitations of industrial development in the age of globalisation with special regard on the European industry. On the eve of the third millennium the setting for industrial development is changing rapidly. There are differences between the economic developmental model of the core European countries and that of the fast-growing European rim countries, from Ireland to Portugal, or Finland to Slovak Republic. From the 1950s to the 1970s the economic miracles of the core countries basically depended on national resources, companies and markets. That’s why we can refer to this as internally-driven development.Today development features of the rapid growing countries of the European rim, and amongst them the transition economies, such as Poland, Slovak Republic, Czech Repub-lic, Hungary are different and economic growth is based on a great influx of FDI, global companies and global resources. Thus, we can refer to an externally-driven developmen-tal model. Depending on this development the role of industry is changing.During the past years, employment in manufacturing as a share of total employment has declined dramatically in the world’s most economies (above all in advanced econo-mies). This phenomenon is by a great number of authors called deindustrialisation. The first point the research makes is that deindustrialisation is primarily a feature of successful economic development. From this point of view they distinguish between positive and negative deindustrialisation. The former occurs when labour is shed as a result of manu-facturing productivity rising faster than output; the displaced workers find new jobs in the service sector. Negative deindustrialisation is characterised by rising unemployment. In the end we can state that industry hasn’t loosed its importance as one of the key development elements. Consequently the changing conditions it only fulfils this role on qualitative higher level.

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