Bezpartyjna wolność i bezpartyjne zniewolenie. Rywalizacja polityczna w stanach bezpartyjnych
Non‑partisan freedom and non‑partisan enslavement. Political competition in a no‑party model

Summary/Abstract: Political parties in most countries organize the political life of citizens, integrate people around ideas, ideas or leaders, create power elites and control power. In some political systems, parties are replacing public administration and other state institutions. However, there are countries where there are no political parties. Giovanni Sartori referred to such cases as „no‑party states.” The purpose of the article is to find the answer to this question whether this situation prevents no‑party states citizens from participating in political decisions.

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