RZECZ W UJĘCIU METAFIZYCZNYM
RZECZ W UJĘCIU METAFIZYCZNYM

Summary/Abstract: The article discusses res and the nature of the knowledge communicated by this transcendental about an actually existing being. The author observes that opposing things to persons, objects to subjects, and inanimate entities to animate ones results in a dualistic vision of the world, which prevents a philosopher from arriving at a non-reductionist knowledge of the reality as such, and thus from reaching the main goal of metaphysical cognition. The author emphasizes that while manifesting the universal and simultaneously requisite properties of any actually existing being, the transcendentals (res, unum, aliquid, bonum, verum), which are grasped by means of certain linguistic phrases, enable a comprehensive understanding of these properties. An actually existing entity has its individual essences and is determined by its content. The existence of a being is thus commensurate with its predetermined content, and, as such, a being has certain rights, it may become an object of cognitive apprehension, and a subject of sensations and actions. A real entity exists as a concrete being endowed with an individual, precisely determined essence. This universal and necessary property of every real entity is expressed in the transcendental ‘thing’ (res).

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