Minden másképp...?
Evertyhing Will Be Different... ?
Contributor(s): Miklós Bakk (Editor), József Gagyi (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences
Published by: Scientia Kiadó
Series: Sapientia Könyvek
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-606-975-049-0
- Page Count: 200
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: Hungarian
HIEDELEM, TUDÁS, JÖVŐ
HIEDELEM, TUDÁS, JÖVŐ
(BELIEF, SCIENCE, FUTURE)
- Author(s):József Gagyi
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
- Page Range:17-45
- No. of Pages:29
- Keywords:beliefs; ethology; COVID-19 pandemic;
- Summary/Abstract:According to ethologist Vilmos Csányi and psychologist Balázs Tóth, based on their book published in 2017, from an ethological point of view, beliefs form the cornerstones of human thinking. Their theory states that the world of human beings is based on information received, appropriated, and transmitted by others: on beliefs. Science is considered a special belief, difficult to access, always in search, following well-defined methodological rules. Starting from these axioms and with reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study asks questions and seeks answers about the essential explanatory symbols of social reality (Clifford Geertz), the metaphysical problems of destiny (Elemér Hankiss), the modern concept of the diseases (Michel Foucault), the vaccination and “pasteurization” (Bruno Latour), and, finally, the reality of prophecies about the future.
JÁRVÁNYETIKA: KIHÍVÁSOK ÉS DILEMMÁK
JÁRVÁNYETIKA: KIHÍVÁSOK ÉS DILEMMÁK
(THE ETHICS OF EPIDEMICS)
- Author(s):Dénes Tamás
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy
- Page Range:47-55
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:epidemic; communication ethics;
- Summary/Abstract:According to the main statement of the study, the measures taken during an epidemic cannot be discussed as mere questions referring to public health strategy but also as moral dilemmas or challenges. Most measures of preventing an epidemic have a double effect as they are accompanied by one or more unwanted negative side effects. When a side effect is acceptable, it can mostly be decided on the ethical level (or: it is mostly an ethical decision to conclude whether a side effect is acceptable or not). For this purpose, it is barely enough to use the viewpoints and terminology of epidemic prevention; the set of arguments of communication ethics, psychology, political science, and medical ethics will also be needed.
CSELEKVŐKÉPESSÉG ÉRZETE ONLINE KULTÚRAFOGYASZTÁSI GYAKORLATOKBAN
CSELEKVŐKÉPESSÉG ÉRZETE ONLINE KULTÚRAFOGYASZTÁSI GYAKORLATOKBAN
(SENSE OF AGENCY IN EXPERIMENTING ONLINE CULTURAL PRACTICES)
- Author(s):Otília Ármeán
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Culture and social structure
- Page Range:57-67
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:cultural practices; mediated theatre; new forms of spectatorship;
- Summary/Abstract:The paper investigates the different reactions to the possibilities of participation in different forms of online cultural practices, for example online or mediated theatre during the quarantine in 2020. The simple opposition between live theatre and mediated theatre is not accurate: theatre has already mediated parts, even if the audience is physically present. Attending theatre that was designed to be perceived online or experimenting the here and now of a transmission together with other online spectators can bring new forms of spectatorship and new hybrid forms for cultural practices.
A MÚZEUMOK ÉS ONLINE TEREK. A MÚZEUM TÁRSADALOMÉPÍTŐ SZEREPE A JÁRVÁNY IDEJÉN
A MÚZEUMOK ÉS ONLINE TEREK. A MÚZEUM TÁRSADALOMÉPÍTŐ SZEREPE A JÁRVÁNY IDEJÉN
(MUSEUMS AND ONLINE SPACES. THE SOCIETY-BUILDING ROLE OF THE MUSEUMS DURING THE PANDEMIC)
- Author(s):András Vajda
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Culture and social structure
- Page Range:69-79
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:museum; online space; pandemic;
- Summary/Abstract:During the last six months, not only the cultural institutional network but also all of humanity has entered in a peculiar existential state. All that was previously commonplace, accepted, or natural has become in many ways impossible or, in some cases, even illegal. During the last period, we could have also witnessed the changes regarding museums and museum environments, and we, who inhabit/use the spaces of the museums, have also changed. These changes affect the frameworks of representation and reception, as well as our viewing and interpretation habits. The pandemic has caused a backward step in museum practice to a previous stage. Museums have suddenly re-become archives preserving objects and meanings, and it will take time for them to recollect themselves and start searching for solutions.
KÉT HÓNAP TRÉNINGNADRÁGBAN
KÉT HÓNAP TRÉNINGNADRÁGBAN
(TWO MONTHS AT HOME)
- Author(s):Ágnes Sántha, Orsolya Gergely, Laura Nistor, Balázs Telegdy
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:83-93
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:lockdown; social isolation; pandemic;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims at describing typical activities and the greatest fears of Hungarians in Transylvania during the lockdown in the period of March–May 2020. We studied the division of household activities and care duties within families as well as the threats and fears perceived by our respondents in the first weeks of the pandemic on a convenience sample of 1,269 respondents, data collection being facilitated by online platforms and social media sites. Mothers experienced an increase in home and care duties. Among fears, the most frequently mentioned feelings were social isolation, the hardships of direct contact with the extended family, and the restriction of the freedom of movement. At the time of our study, the vast majority of respondents were convinced that the situation would end quite soon and everyday life would get back to the way it was, without major changes in the long run.
E-VILÁGOK
E-VILÁGOK
(E-LEARNING EXPERIENCES)
- Author(s):Rozália Klára Bakó
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Communication studies, Distance learning / e-learning
- Page Range:95-104
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:e-learning; digital transition; quarantine experiences; emotional coping mechanisms;
- Summary/Abstract:Based on an empirical research involving university students and educators from the Szeklerland region, Romania, our brief study examines the experiences and lessons learned during the rapid digital transition that took place between March and May 2020. During May 2020, we interviewed five educators and eleven university students regarding their quarantine experiences, digital education, and emotional coping mechanisms. Three focus group discussions with students and a digital storytelling exercise complemented our data collection methods. Our brief summary provides an insight into these worlds and into the changed customs.
A VILÁGJÁRVÁNY POZITÍV MELLÉKHATÁSAI
A VILÁGJÁRVÁNY POZITÍV MELLÉKHATÁSAI
(THE BENEFICIAL SIDE EFFECTS OF THE PANDEMIC)
- Author(s):Orsolya Gergely
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Social psychology and group interaction
- Page Range:105-114
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:pandemic; challenges; Facebook comments;
- Summary/Abstract:In March 2020, educational institutions in Romania were also practically closed overnight, and a large number of people had to go on forced leave or start to work from home. Empirical experience shows that during this period people faced several difficulties: in addition to the fear of the virus, the closure, the curfew, the home office and home schooling. In addition, mothers with small children were most burdened by this period. Despite the many challenges, have people been able to identify and gain positive experiences during this challenging period? We focus on the so-called beneficial side effects of a pandemic from the women’s perspective. Using the method of content analysis – we analysed 1,756 Facebook comments written between 5 and 13 April 2020 –, we present how women from Szeklerland experienced this period and what those positive things were that made them happy.
MERRE TOVÁBB, NYELVOKTATÁS? TRENDEK ÉS JÖVŐKÉP AZ IDEGENNYELV-OKTATÁSBAN
MERRE TOVÁBB, NYELVOKTATÁS? TRENDEK ÉS JÖVŐKÉP AZ IDEGENNYELV-OKTATÁSBAN
(WHAT COMES NEXT? TRENDS AND VISION IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING)
- Author(s):Enikő Biró, Gabriella Kovács, Imola Katalin Nagy
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Distance learning / e-learning
- Page Range:115-130
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:foreign language teaching; pandemic; interview-based qualitative research; focus group;
- Summary/Abstract:With the present pandemic, a sudden shift away from classrooms has changed the focus of language teaching. New sources, methods, and techniques had to be employed, generating unanticipated changes both for language teachers and language learners. This paper aims to describe the future of language education, together with the presentation of possible scenarios embedded into the course of paradigm shifts in language teaching. We analyse those events, processes, and tendencies which may carry predictive value for the future of language teaching. Using focus group and interview-based qualitative research method for data collection, we define those changes which have appeared due to online education of the past months. According to the research results, the future of language teaching and learning is going to be based on four pillars: firstly, cooperation with AI; secondly, diversification regarding content, method, space, and time. This is strongly related to creativity, as a third pillar, which challenges personal interaction; and, finally, it is based on increased autonomy, which refers to individually tailored methods and content during online education.
DEMOKRÁCIAELMÉLETI TÁJKÉP A PANDÉMIA NYOMÁN
DEMOKRÁCIAELMÉLETI TÁJKÉP A PANDÉMIA NYOMÁN
(A LANDSCAPE OF THEORIES OF DEMOCRACY IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC)
- Author(s):Miklós Bakk
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Comparative politics
- Page Range:133-144
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:pandemic; progress of democracy; historical analysis; hybrid regimes; crisis management;
- Summary/Abstract:During the pandemic that marked the year 2020, it was not possible to decide whether dictatorships or democracies were more successful in dealing with the epidemic. Debates about the essence and nature of democracies appeared when it became clear that the “progress of democracy” recoiled in some states, thatthe “waves of democratization” had not resulted in liberal democracies, as it was anticipated in the early 1990s. A historical analysis of this has made it clear that a dichotomy which interprets the development of political regimes in a rigid manner, as a rectilinear way from autocracies to democracies, cannot give answers to all questions. In this moment, a new concept emerged, the theory of the “hybrid regimes”, attempting to classify and interpret the “transitional” forms of regimes between the ideal type of liberal democracies (otherwise undefined) and the autocracies (or dictatorships). There are several approaches, including: 1) hybrid regimes as incomplete, damaged democracies; 2) hybrid regimes as forms of breakup or transformation of autocracies; 3) hybrid regimes as specific systems, defined by specific historical circumstances that cannot be clearly deduced from either democracies or autocracies. These attempts of typification are complemented by a newer approach, which, based on the concept of “leader democracy” (András Körösényi), puts in the forefront government action, trust in leadership instead of the procedural legitimacy of democracies, and thus it places the debate “democracy vs. hybrid regime” in a new context. During the pandemic, this approach has become particularly relevant; the crisis can only be dealt effectively by strong governments that sometimes suspend the usual system of checks and balances in democracies. Therefore, understanding the nature of hybrid regimes and a comprehensive examination of crisis management as political action can provide very important considerations for the understanding of democracies in a broader context.
A SENATUS CONSULTUM ULTIMUM MINT SZÜKSÉGHELYZETI FELHATALMAZÁS CICERO BESZÉDEIBEN
A SENATUS CONSULTUM ULTIMUM MINT SZÜKSÉGHELYZETI FELHATALMAZÁS CICERO BESZÉDEIBEN
(THE SENATUS CONSULTUM ULTIMUM AS A TOOL OF STATE OF EMERGENCY IN CICERO’S SPEECHES)
- Author(s):Tamás Nótári
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Roman law
- Page Range:145-160
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Senatus Consultum Ultimum; Cicero; Late Republican Rome; ius publicum;
- Summary/Abstract:In Cicero’s oeuvre, there are two orations (both from the year 63 BC) when he mentions and analyses the importance of the senatus consultum ultimum. These loci can be found in his oratio Pro Rabirio perduellionis (the speech of defence on behalf of Rabirius accused with perduellio, i.e. having killed the plebeian tribune Saturninus) and his consular orations In Catilinam held against the Catilinarian conjuration. With the senatus consultum ultimum, the senate gave a declaration of a special state of emergency and empowered the magistrate to act without any respect to usual legal boundaries and restrictions only in the interest of the state. In order to throw light on the importance of the senatus consultum ultimum, in this paper, the role of the magistrates and the senate in the Late Republican Rome will be analysed first, the differences between the power of the dictator and the role of the senatus consultum ultumum will be compared, and, finally, the significance of the senatus consultum ultimum in the Roman ius publicum will be explored.
MUNKAJOG A VILÁGJÁRVÁNY IDEJÉN. RÉGI DILEMMÁK, ÚJ MEGOLDÁSOK?
MUNKAJOG A VILÁGJÁRVÁNY IDEJÉN. RÉGI DILEMMÁK, ÚJ MEGOLDÁSOK?
(LABOUR LAW DURING THE PANDEMIC. OLD DILEMMAS, NEW SOLUTIONS?)
- Author(s):Magdolna Vallasek
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Labour and Social Security Law
- Page Range:161-170
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:COVID-19 pandemic; labour law; protection of workers; crisis management;
- Summary/Abstract:2020 will for sure be remembered in history as the year of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, its effects will affect the social, societal, political, and economic situation of the world for many years to come, and it will be a research topic for scholars of various disciplines. The long-term or irreversible effects of the pandemic will therefore be most debated. But can we really say that the world around us has fundamentally changed and everything will be different from now on as a result of the recent evolutions?In our study, we examine the above issue in the context of labour law. The regulatory constraints and challenges caused by the coronavirus pandemic have found labour law in a critical stage of development and transformation. At the same time, regulatory solutions have become necessary to meet the needs of crisis management and the effective protection of workers in the short and long term. Therefore, our initial hypothesis is that basically labour law regulation will necessarily be different after the pandemic subsides, but the changes are actually only amplified by the legal measures taken to deal with the current situation, as they are rooted in deeper causes. Therefore, it is not a cause but much more a catalyst. However, this does not detract from its significance.
A KORONAVÍRUS-JÁRVÁNY HATÁSA A KÖZEL-KELETI HELYZETRE
A KORONAVÍRUS-JÁRVÁNY HATÁSA A KÖZEL-KELETI HELYZETRE
(THE IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC IN THE MIDDLE EAST)
- Author(s):Zsolt Rostoványi
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade
- Page Range:171-186
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:coronavirus pandemic; Middle East; unemployment; poverty; International Monetary Fund;
- Summary/Abstract:The coronavirus pandemic has deepened the multifaceted crisis that has been characterizing the Middle East for decades. The pandemic further exacerbated instability in the region as another destabilizing factor. The countries, which have found themselves in the most precarious situations, are those fragile, conflict-ridden states that have been engaged in armed clashes for years. The negative effects of the virus can be felt in many areas: problems of the healthcare systems, including their collapse in many places; declining global demand for goods and services in the region; decline in domestic supply and demand; a drastic fall in oil prices; growing unemployment due to mass redundancies; the increase in the number of people in need of humanitarian aid, which was already extremely high, estimated at 55-60 million people before the pandemic.The pandemic alone did not shake the power of political leaders; they even tried to use it to consolidate their power, to suppress opposition movements. The pandemic has further exacerbated the already markedly large income/wealth disparities, the inequalities in the Middle East. The number of people living below the poverty line has risen, even conservative estimates showing a growth of 15 million (other estimates show a growth of 45 million).The short- and medium-term outlooks for the region are extremely bleak, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) economic forecast projecting the most negative situation in fifty years, more severe than it was during the 2008 crisis. The decline of GDP is projected between 5 and 15%.The serious economic and social problems, which led to a wave of protests in many countries in the early 2010s and again at the end of the decade, have not been resolved but have become even more serious as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. With the end of the pandemic, a repeated outbreak of social tensions and a series of mass demonstrations are likely, posing a serious challenge to the political leaders in power, increasing instability throughout the region.
Rezumate
Rezumate
(Abstracts)
- Contributor(s):Miklós Bakk (Editor)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:187-192
- No. of Pages:6
Abstracts
Abstracts
(Abstracts)
- Contributor(s):Miklós Bakk (Editor)
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences
- Page Range:193-198
- No. of Pages:6
