Езикът на омразата : Хейтърският дискурс и отношението към другия
Hate Speech : Hate Discourse and the Attitude Toward the Other
Contributor(s): Stoyka Penkova (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social differentiation, Ethnic Minorities Studies
Published by: Пловдивски университет »Паисий Хилендарски«
Keywords: social inequality; hate speech; discourse analysis; ethnic minorities; asylum seekers
Summary/Abstract: The following collection of papers presents the results of the research project “Hate Speech - Hate Discourses and Attitudes Toward the Other”, funded by the Research Fund of the University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski" in the competition for "Young Scientists" projects in 2015-2016. The study sets itself the ambitious task of thematizing hate speech as a social phenomenon, which in different ways entails social actions of “doing” hate speech, and hence - (re)produces unequally distributed relations of power and domination over the Other. Our interest was provoked by the crisis, which escalated in Bulgarian society at the same time and which put on the agenda many acute problems related to otherness and diversity in the context of our coexistence “together”. Our initial premise is that the crisis in social interactions and in the ways of living in a shared world inevitably multiplies in the ways of discussing - explicitly or non-explicitly - the attitude towards the Other and the Different. Their negative practical formulation as unequal, stigmatized, dehumanized is reflected in discourse and discursive practices and underlies that "hater" speech, which we define as “hate speech”. In this way, the hater discourse problematizes the fundamental relationship “I - the Other”, constructing social oppositions and structuring positions of social exclusion and inequality.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-7249-27-9
- Page Count: 270
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: English, Bulgarian
Езикът на омразата
Езикът на омразата
(Hate Speech)
- Author(s):Stoyka Penkova, Tanya Orbova, Dimitar Panchev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Evaluation research, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:6-42
- No. of Pages:37
- Keywords:social inequality; hate speech; discourse analysis
- Summary/Abstract:The study sets itself the ambitious task of thematizing hate speech as a social phenomenon, which in different ways entails social actions of “doing” hate speech, and hence - (re)produces unequally distributed relations of power and domination over the Other.
- Price: 4.50 €
Легитимация и квантификация в дискурси на омразата
Легитимация и квантификация в дискурси на омразата
(Legitimation and Quantification in Hater Discourses)
- Author(s):Martina Mineva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Social differentiation, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:44-68
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:language games of legitimation; daily quantification; performative logic; non-classical transcendental logic; non-classical intentional analytics; „immunization against induction“
- Summary/Abstract:Based on the turn to common language in practice of the mid-20th century, mainly through Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, the paper offers an analytic of language games, starting from an analysis of the problem of naming at Wittgenstein’s and Austin’s works. It is argued that chances of discourse of hate speech should be discussed not only as a direct reference to the naming problem but also to the problem of inequality in language games and in the language games of legitimation. The analytical capabilities of the latter are emphasized by their classification, a condition for the possibility of reaching such an opportunity is also the return to the problem of authorization in Pierre Bourdieu's analyzes, as well as the problem of the legitimacy functions of meta-narratives and the process of their delegitimation, following Jean-François Lyotard. By suggesting the link between language games (method) and the problem of the legitimacy of boundaries of philosophical discourses (subject), Lyotard gives a chance to raise the problem of legitimacy by interpreting the field of the endogenous logic of practice. Since all this necessitates the problem of daily quantification, it is argued that the method-subject relationship gives a chance to identify a number of data in hate discourses that allow a critical interpretation of the sustainability of, in Harvey Sachs's theory of conversation analysis, „categorical explanations immunized against induction,” such as the most common forms of „doing hate”. At the end of the text, a thought experiment is proposed in which, relying mainly on the analytical chances provided by non-classical transcendental logic and intentional analytics, a case is presented in which the so-called „doing hate” and „immunization against induction” are analyzed with a focus on the forms of legitimation and daily quantification.
- Price: 4.50 €
Дискурсивна аналитика на емоциите
Дискурсивна аналитика на емоциите
(Discursive Analytic of Emotions)
- Author(s):Stoyka Penkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Social differentiation, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:69-104
- No. of Pages:36
- Keywords:discourse; emotions; emotives; hate; fear; socioanalysis; discoursive analytics of emotions
- Summary/Abstract:This analysis offers an experimentation with the possibility to explore the discursive manifestations of hate as a specific emotional mode. It is an attempt to combine the analytics of discourse with an analytic of emotions and to incorporate the analysis of affective structures and emotional expressions in the objects researched by the historical sociology of discoursive practices, or HSDP (Penkova 2009, 2013c). For this purpose, the paper first explains the basic prerequisites of the HSDP and the sociology of emotions in order to clarify the need for their mutual exploration in a discoursive analytic of emotions. Going through the socioanalytical problem of hate, the next step is to introduce the concept of „emotive” (Reddy 2005) in order to prove the thesis that the hate emotives are special discursive and bodily expressions directed at the Other as an object of affection that categorize it negatively and which by themselves contribute to the attribution of essentially negative discursive identities. Emotives are directly influenced by affective interactions, and with this they change what they relate to. This reveals the more general research intention to problematize hate and fear as those increasingly intrusive emotional regimes in which we try to grasp the befalling events in the „long” 21st century, and thus to highlight the main accents, by which a discursive analytics of emotions could interpret the particular ontological ambivalence of the late-modern life situation – both risky and vulnerable, as well as the need for new research approaches and methodologies for its problematization.
- Price: 4.50 €
Дискурсивни практики и стратегии на омраза
Дискурсивни практики и стратегии на омраза
(Discursive Practicies and Strategies of Hate)
- Author(s):Tanya Orbova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Social differentiation, Migration Studies, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:105-130
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:refugees; discourse; otherness; hate; discursive strategies
- Summary/Abstract:At the center of this article is the figure of the refugee, which I have interrogated in a previous analysis, considering it as a „radical metamorphosis of the stranger” (cf. Orbova 2014). In this article, I will try to analyze this image through discursive practices and strategies of hate that construct it and fill it with social sense and meanings, but as an „essentially negative Other”. The explication of these prepredicative evidences and inconsistencies in the language contained in the discourse on refugees is the starting point from which we could draw conclusions not just about who the Refugee is as an ideal type, as a form of strangeness, but also about the two-way relationships of the differentiation by which it is constructed. The practical logical forms of thinking and of expressing the otherness of the Refugee construct not a homogeneous image, but many of its figures that begin to construct at many different levels that generalized everyday notion which stigmatizes, rejects and does not tolerate the Different.
- Price: 4.50 €
"Войната на световете" - културен скрипт или предстояща криза?
"Войната на световете" - културен скрипт или предстояща криза?
("War of the Worlds" - A Cultural Script or an Inpending Crisis?)
- Author(s):Dimitar Panchev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Applied Sociology, Social differentiation, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:132-152
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:cultural script; negative identity; clash of civilizations; discourse; self-fulfilling prophecy
- Summary/Abstract:The article aims to provide a few examples from the fictional literature, film industry and computer games, all of which directly address the problem of collision between worlds that are incommeasurable. The main suggestion is that the conflict between them can be resolved only through the complete destruction of one of those worlds. This will be the starting point for the analysis of the so-called „clash of civilizations” theme, which was documented during the media monitoring carried out in October 2015. The main argument of the article is that the construction of a generalized negative image of the Other and its systematic exclusion from access to the order of discourse in its essence can become a „self-fulfilling prophecy” (borrowing the term from Robert C. Merton), i.e. this Other becomes the bearer of a crisis which, prior to that, has been ascribed as essential to him. In this way the marginalized elements of society do not have any alternative exit but to be who they are, in line with their ascribed negative identity.
- Price: 4.50 €
Дискурсите на социализма
Дискурсите на социализма
(The Discourses of Socialism)
- Author(s):Rositsa Lyubenova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Social development, Social differentiation, Sociology of Politics
- Page Range:153-170
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:socialism; State Security; enemy; enemy speeches; discourse; ideology
- Summary/Abstract:This text aims to highlight the ways in which the image of the enemy in State Security documents is built and functions, as well as its functioning in the socialist reality – In the creation and consolidation of social differences, unequal treatment and social exclusion. By systematizing the implicit and essential features of the “enemy”, this analysis attempts to reconstruct the social conditions for its “emergence”, the establishment of the monopoly on its identification and naming. Through the confrontation between the “enemy” and the „New Man”, a value-defined clash of ideologically constructed figures takes place. A similar collision also takes place at a pre-ideological level between the lexemes of „enemy” and „people” in the combination of „enemies of the people”. They include, on one hand, the meaning and value implications of origin and belonging (genus), proximity, indivisibility and nativity (native), but also of unity, community, common blood, fate, history, etc. At the same time, in the same phrase, the „enemy,” we find a whole palette of negatively coloured meanings such as hatred, animosity, malice, enmity, ill-treatment. In practice, a doubling of the meaningful load of the two lexemes is done in their combination. The pages of the documents also reveal a specific discourse reproducing the so-called „Enemy speeches” that challenge the act of production as both symbolic domination and impenetrability and/or limited chances of access to the order of discourse. In fact, the discourse of the documents gives visibility to enemy elements and the audibility of their speeches. There is a fracturing in the situation of impenetrable access to the order of discourse and the creation of an anti-ideological discourse, which in essence questions the legitimacy of the identity-donors, can be registered.
- Price: 4.50 €
Стратегии на езика на омразата в статията на Николай Фенерски "Празните утроби на българките"
Стратегии на езика на омразата в статията на Николай Фенерски "Празните утроби на българките"
(Strategies of Hate Speech in Nikolay Fenerski's Article "The Empty Wombs of Bulgarian Women")
- Author(s):Denitsa Nencheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Applied Sociology, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:171-193
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:„us“ and „them“ groups; discoursive strategy; hate speech; Nikolay Fenerski; womb
- Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the problem of „doing” inequality as a discoursive practice. For this purpose, I will focus on a specific case – the text of Bulgarian writer and columnist Nikolay Fenerski entitled „The empty wombs of Bulgarian women” which became the subject of lively discussions after its publication in the summer of 2017. The first part of the article draws attention to Nikolay Fenerski’s position as the holder of a specific social and cultural (and hence symbolic) capital, as well as his role as a producer and speaker of the given discourse. The second part of the article offers an attempt to analyze the text itself. Emphasis is placed on the various discursive strategies used by Fenerski in the formation of one’s own group and that of the Other. In the course of analysis, a line of repeated in-situ recasting of the categories of „us” and „them” is revealed, the „boundaries” of which are not only bound but also extremely flexible. As a result, an unremitting opposition of us-them unfolds before the reader, which serves as the basis of Fenerski’s (hateful) discourse and uses the theme of the demographic crisis as a starting point. Against this background, the figure of the woman is placed in the position of a passive object of the author's discourse, in whose „we” ideal stands the figure of the man, a Bulgarian, a citizen, who is having (more than one) children.
- Price: 4.50 €
(Не)Хомосексуалната другост
(Не)Хомосексуалната другост
((Non-)Homosexual Otherness)
- Author(s):Radoslav Dayarski
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Social differentiation, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:195-205
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:homosexuality; heterosexuality; discourse; discursive discrimination; otherness
- Summary/Abstract:The article aims to show the homosexual figure as an exclusion and self-exclusion from social reality in the patriarchal-masculine society. This will help to consider the homosexual individual beyond the division of sexual categories and will construct the perspective of those individuals who have ‘self-excluded’ themselves. A perspective that places the heterosexual figure in a position dominated by gay desires, gay individuals and gay discourse – a reversed look through which the heterosexual image is the Other of the person who self-identifies as the Other’s Other through a certain categorical imperative. For the purposes of analysis, I will show the homosexual discourse that reflects on the dominant heterosexist and homophobic discourse and in turn performs a symbolic struggle. I argue that symbolic social acts reproduce discoursive discrimination by the homosexual individual, as well as hate speech from/to the homosexual field triggered by the auto-identified role of being dominated. In this way I will construct two main lines – the discourse of the heterosexual towards the homosexual; and, reversely, the discourse of the homosexual, which has incorporated in itself a ‘hater’ discourse of the stereotyped image of the homosexual and its relationship to the heterosexual. My thesis will be as follows: the disclosure of homosexual otherness is noticeable in the discourses of gay organizations, which through an enforced political discourse reproduce the homoerotic/homophobic male canon of socio-cultural domination.
- Price: 4.50 €
Хетеротопологичен поглед над бежанския лагер в град Харманли
Хетеротопологичен поглед над бежанския лагер в град Харманли
(A Heterotopological Look at the Refugee Camp in the Town of Harmanli)
- Author(s):Radoslava Mihaleva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Social differentiation, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:206-224
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:refugees; Otherness; heterotopology; camp; identity
- Summary/Abstract:In her The Human Condition, Hannah Arendt presents to us facts from Antiquity, as well as the quality of life in Ancient Greece, when the settlements were divided into Polis and Oikos. The Polis was the tribune of the free man. Participation in the Polis was reserved only for men, and particularly to those deemed healthy (mentally and physically) and who were neither foreigners nor immigrants. Conversely, the Oikos was the equivalent of private space. It involved women, children, the mentally and physically unfit, the slaves and people who were expected to be “at the doorstep” of their death. As in the Polis, the owner of the home had the right to make orders. Here the border between the two spaces is clearly drawn. In our ultramodern and all-developed society, the spaces are also divided into private and public ones. As reflexive beings, we can notice that the line that separates them is very fuzzy and unresistingly allows the “Public Eye” increasingly close to the locks on our doors. What is left for us if we cannot be ourselves even at home? The refugee’s life is cut from the basic human right to have personal possessions, to have a personal home and be oneself. In his text „Of Other Spaces” Foucault introduces us to places that are beyond these two divisions, which have a special function in themselves. In this article, the camp is one space of exception, with its own specific rules or prohibitions.
- Price: 4.50 €
Социални афекти, безпокойство и уязвимост
Социални афекти, безпокойство и уязвимост
(Social affects, Anxiety and Vulnerability)
- Author(s):Stoyka Penkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Social differentiation
- Page Range:225-239
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:insecurity; vulnerability; risk; mobility; boundaries; social identity; inheritance
- Summary/Abstract:We live in a time of concern about the changes and uncertainties that ‘befall’ us as human beings. We are witnessing an „explosion” of discourses of risk which are utilized in order to link together different and impossible to otherwise relate experiences, the most significant of which is the feeling of insecurity. But to be „at risk” means to have a passive role, not being ‘enactive’, but „dependent”. This creates a constant sense of vulnerability, for the deprivation of resources required to „do” a change, for “making” choices, for “acting”. The emergence of vulnerability as a form of identity involves the questioning of ontological grounds of the daily existence of the vulnerable person (group, community, forms of sociality); and hence – would suggest the researching of new forms of personal insecurity, which are reflected in a variety of everyday psychopathologies. And since the vulnerability is a state of the body, a state of mind, an („fractal”) identity, we are faced with the need to study namely this strange (and schizophrenic) duality of living in the „long 21st century” – both being at risk and being vulnerable, which cannot but require new research approaches and methodologies. Moreover, when the form of „our” present as a specific cultural „assemblage” comes not from the past (i.e. from tradition), nor from the present („our” here-and-now), but from the future that befalls us, there are three main and interrelated analytical aspects on which we must focus as researchers in our attempt to describe the ambivalence of the late-modern man: 1) mobility; 2) boundaries; 3) social identity and inheritance.
- Price: 4.50 €
Silesian Organizations. Silesian Autonomy Movement
Silesian Organizations. Silesian Autonomy Movement
(Silesian Organizations. Silesian Autonomy Movement)
- Author(s):Aleksander Ostenda
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:241-255
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Upper Silesia; Silesian Autonomy Movement; autonomy
- Summary/Abstract:The article has the aim of presenting to the reader the activity of the Silesian Autonomy Movement, one of the organizations bringing together Upper Silesians. Before moving to the main topic, the author presents the most important facts from the history of Silesia. Then, an attempt is made to define the term autonomy. The reader will become familiar with the goals, structure and the activities of the Silesian Autonomy Movement. Finally, specific examples of activities undertaken by members of the association are described. The whole is then summed up.
- Price: 4.50 €
