Life in Health 2018: Research and Practice: Proceedings of the International Conference held on 6–7 September 2018
Life in Health 2018: Research and Practice: Proceedings of the International Conference held on 6–7 September 2018
Author(s): Lenka Procházková, Markéta Krkošková
Subject(s): Applied Geography, Sociology, School education, Higher Education , Health and medicine and law, Pedagogy
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: interdisciplinary conference; life; health; public health protection; education; energy drink; morbidity; vegetarianism; nutirtion;
Summary/Abstract: This proceedings contains a selection of papers from the interdisciplinary conference Life in Health 2018, which took place from 6 to 7 September 2018 at the Faculty of Education, Masaryk University. The papers focus on the theory and practice in the area of public health protection and promotion. The findings presented are applicable in health education and general education of children and the whole population.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-80-210-9178-8
- Page Count: 141
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: English
Children Health Study 2016
Children Health Study 2016
(Children Health Study 2016)
- Author(s):Vladimíra Puklová, Kristýna Žejglicová, Jana Kratěnová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Evaluation research, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:5-13
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:allergy; cardiovascular risk factors; anthropometric parameters; obesity; lifestyle; children; Czech Republic;
- Summary/Abstract:The health status of the child population has been monitored within The Environmental Health Monitoring System since 1996. The fifth phase of this monitoring (Children Health Study 2016) was carried out in 2016. The aim of the study was to describe the cardiovascular health, the prevalence of allergic diseases, postural abnormalities and obesity in children. At the same time, information on lifestyle was collected. This study was the fifth in the sequence of the surveys, which enabled us to evaluate 20-year trends in allergic diseases and obesity. The data were collected during preventive examinations of children aged 5, 9, 13, and 17 years in collaboration with 46 general paediatricians in the Czech Republic (CR). The children were randomly assigned to the study. The paediatricians provided data on the health status of children including the measured values of weight, height, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels in selected subsample of children with familial risk of atherosclerosis. The data on the child’s lifestyle were taken from the parental questionnaire. Overall allergic diseases were diagnosed in 29% of children; the prevalence has not changed significantly in the last ten years (2006–2016). The prevalence of asthma has reached 10%. Increased blood pressure detected at screening examinations was found in 10% of children as well. The non-physiological level of total cholesterol had 40% of children with a positive family history of atherosclerosis.
Health as a Social Phenomenon
Health as a Social Phenomenon
(Health as a Social Phenomenon)
- Author(s):Martina Urbanová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Sociology, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:14-21
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:health; society; culture; anomie; values; way of life; lifestyle; health literacy;
- Summary/Abstract:The present contribution introduces a sociological approach to health. Human health is viewed as a social phenomenon explained by social assumptions. The purpose of the text is to point out the relationship between human health and the society and its values reflected in the lifestyle. An analysis of selected empirical research in the area of values and health documents the difference between the ideal and the real culture, i.e. between what people claim and what they actually live. The results show the need for improvement of the social climate and healthcare literacy for our health is threatened not only by unhealthy food and environment pollution but also by various negative or even pathological phenomena we come across every day in relation to the anomic society.
A Program of Health-Education Intervention as a Health-Oriented Strategy of Romany Children Education
A Program of Health-Education Intervention as a Health-Oriented Strategy of Romany Children Education
(A Program of Health-Education Intervention as a Health-Oriented Strategy of Romany Children Education)
- Author(s):Lýdia Taišová, Jozef Liba
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:22-27
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:health; Romany student; program of health-education intervention;
- Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the reasons for various negative indicators of health and lifestyle of the Romany minority. Special attention is paid to Romany students attending a primary school. Based on the acquired empirical and research data we emphasize educational opportunities of the program of health-education intervention. The program introduces an educational strategy pursuing the support of cognitive and other abilities and predispositions of Romany students with regard to health. The paper highlights the motivating and innovative potential of pro-health intervention programs that contribute to a positive development of the cognitive and emotional life of Romany students.
Exam Phobia and Its Therapy
Exam Phobia and Its Therapy
(Exam Phobia and Its Therapy)
- Author(s):Jana Miňhová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Higher Education , Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:28-36
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:exam fobia; social fobia; diagnostics; therapy; projection;
- Summary/Abstract:One of the stressful situations in the life of a college student are tests which successful passing is a condition of studying at the university. Testing as a stressor is of varying intensity, and in some students it may have the character of a exam phobia, which is a special form of social phobia. In our paper we focused on the diagnosis and therapy of the exam phobia at the students of FPE ZCU in Pilsen, who were clients of a university counseling center for three years due to the intense experience of unwanted psychic conditions before and during the exam. Based on clinical and test methods, these patients were diagnosed by the diagnostics focused on degree and etiology of experiencing the test as a stressful situation and the appropriate form of therapy was chosen. After graduation, the success of the therapy was verified on the basis of a repeated projective test.
Short Interventions as a Means of Increasing Patient Health Literacy
Short Interventions as a Means of Increasing Patient Health Literacy
(Short Interventions as a Means of Increasing Patient Health Literacy)
- Author(s):Dagmar Škochová, Lidmila Hamplová, Soňa Jexová, Renata Procházková, Eva Marková, Jana Hlinovská
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Methodology and research technology, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:37-41
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:individual interventions; method of brief intervention; health literacy; strategy of health support; the role of health care professionals in the support of public health;
- Summary/Abstract:The strategic document released by the government of the Czech Republic “Health 2020” – National Health Protection and Support Strategy and Disease Prevention is aimed to start effective and long-term sustainable mechanisms to improve medical condition of the population. For the fulfilment of this strategy were 13 action plans processed, including concrete aims, responsibility, indicators and performance dates for key priority issues in the field of the support of public health. The action plan No 12 Development of the health literacy is devoted to the increase of health literacy of target population groups. A subsidy scheme of the Ministry of Health “National Health Programme – Health Support Projects” is intended to support action plans activities and tasks. Improving health literacy leading to the elimination or diminishing risk factors resulting from the lifestyle of intervened participants and strengthening their responsibility for their own health is the aim of the short interventions recommended by WHO as an effective and inexpensive education method. The level of risk of the chosen lifestyle impacting the patient’s health is measured by standardized WHO questionnaires for the addiction field and NIPH (the National Institute of Public Health) questionnaires for the nutrition and physical activity. After the performed intervention its effectiveness is evaluated, that means level of influencing behaviour and attitude of the intervened person by means of a short questionnaire. Activities aimed at increasing the health literacy of target population groups are supported from the subsidy programme of the public health protection and support of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. A project of the Medical College Prague dealing with short interventions about lifestyle risks of in-patients as well as out-patients in health centres and hospitals in the whole Czech Republic, where bachelor students of the Medical College Prague perform their traineeship or students in distance learning have been already working was financially supported 2016–2017. Students were trained in the method of short intervention using a set of 24 education cards created by the National Institute of Public Health. Interventions were performed in outpatient and inpatient wards of health-care facilities throughout the Czech Republic from 1 January 2016 till 31 December 2017. The level of risk of the chosen lifestyle impacting the patient’s health was measured by standardized WHO (FTQ and AUDIT) questionnaires for the addiction field and NIPH questionnaires for the nutrition and physical activity and knowledge about influenza vaccination (NIPH and Medical College questionnaires). After the performed intervention its effectiveness was evaluated, that means the level of influencing behaviour and attitude of the intervened person by means of a short questionnaire. All data found in the course of the questionnaire inquire were transformed into electronic data, then analysed and evaluated. In the implementation framework of this 2-year-project 3,905 patients in total from 63 health facilities were intervened with 6,365 and intervened 5,890 lifestyle risk factors. The most patients were educated on various wards in the General University Hospital in Prague which Medical College has a very good log-term collaboration with. Intervention effectiveness in the implemented project framework was evaluated on the basis of a short questionnaire inquire performed after the intervention. As a whole, 45.7% intervened patients stated their intention to increase their physical activity resulting from the performed intervention, 49% stated their intention to reduce smoking, 18.1% decided to break their smoking habit and 13.8% considered visiting a centre for smoking cessation. As a result of the intervention, 43.8% patients made a decision about cutting down on alcohol. 48.7% intervened participants decided to adjust their unhealthy diet. The intervention was regarded as an intrusion into the privacy mostly in the alcohol consumption field (23.8%). The project implementation by the Medical College contributes to fulfilment of national action plans and the strategy Health 2020. In the frame of implementation of this 2-year-project almost 4,000 participants were educated. The medical environment of interventions makes a significant contribution to the method success. The project implementation through the Medical College Prague was very appreciated by the Ministry of Health and the Medical College Prague contributed with this project to the fulfilment of national action plans that were approved by the government of the Czech Republic, in particular AP 12 Development of the health literacy.
Who Are Paediatric Speleo Therapy Patients?
Who Are Paediatric Speleo Therapy Patients?
(Who Are Paediatric Speleo Therapy Patients?)
- Author(s):Dana Hübelová , Jarmila Überhuberová, Alice Kozumplíková, Jan Caha
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Applied Geography, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:42-51
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:health; speleo therapy; asthma; geographic structure; Moravian Karst;
- Summary/Abstract:Speleo therapy is a climatic therapy method using the specific cave climate as a natural source for complementary treatment of asthmatic patients reducing their complex pharmaceutical therapy to minimum. The purpose of this contribution is to present the socio-demographic profile of the patients attending speleo therapy in the Paediatric Sanatorium with Speleo Therapy at Ostrov u Macochy, and define their regional distribution across the Czech Republic. The patient profile is based on data of randomly selected (733) patients of the Paediatric Sanatorium with Speleo Therapy at Ostrov u Macochy (by descriptive statistics and graphic visualisation of data). The profile shows prevalence of boy (58.9%) over girl (41.1%) patients, in the most common age group of 5–10 and under repeated therapy in nearly half of the sample cases (48.3%). The most frequent diagnoses include bronchial asthma, recurrent respiratory infections and exercise induced asthma and a considerable part of the patients also suffer from various forms of allergies (74.4%). A prevailing majority of the children shows improvement of their health condition after a speleo therapy session cycle (95.5%) with recommended repetition of the therapy (98.9%). The geographic structure of the patients attending the sanatorium shows prevailing patient recruitment from South Moravia, Moravian Silesia, South Bohemia, Central Bohemia, Vysočina and Prague regions. The results demonstrate the importance of speleo therapy for improving the health of patients.
Health Protection against Noise? Selected Legal Aspects
Health Protection against Noise? Selected Legal Aspects
(Health Protection against Noise? Selected Legal Aspects)
- Author(s):Jana Dudová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:52-57
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:noise; legislation; enforcement; public health; control mechanism;
- Summary/Abstract:The current legislation of the CR does not consider as noise, inter alia, the sound from production of music operated outdoors. Production of music outdoors mainly includes concerts, discotheques, pilgrimages, open-air markets, various celebrations, Advent concerts, music played during sporting and cultural events, etc. (also including certain daily or frequently repeated cases of such production). The enforceability of protection against such noise pollution is becoming highly problematic (Motejl et al., 2010). The legal issue of protection from noise is mainly regulated by Act No. 258/2000 Coll., on public health protection, as amended, implementing Government Regulation No. 272/2011 Coll., on protection of health from adverse effects of noise and vibrations, as amended and in the framework of legal regulation of generally binding ordinances, chiefly Act No. 128/2000 Coll., on municipalities, as amended. In terms of protection from noise pollution emanating from production of music operated outdoors, Act No. 267/2015 Coll., effective 01 December 2015, amending and supplementing the Public Health Act, introduced certain changes over the previous legal regulation. By this amendment, all forms of producing music operated outdoors were removed from the conceptual definition of noise, thus also from the oversight powers of public health protection agencies. Of course, questions remain as to whether or not this amendment to the Public Healt Act is truly projected into effective public health protection, and if with this new concept, it contradicts the Public Health Act.
Analysis of Morbidity at a Selected Elementary School of Mainstream Education
Analysis of Morbidity at a Selected Elementary School of Mainstream Education
(Analysis of Morbidity at a Selected Elementary School of Mainstream Education)
- Author(s):Petr Kachlík, Irena Lebedová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, School education, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:58-74
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:documentation; reason; illness; sickness; sick note; research; primary school; elementary school; absent lessons; health; student;
- Summary/Abstract:The number of hours missed due to illness was selected as the indicator of morbidity. The paper presents the results of the research carried out at a mainstream elementary school. The main objective of the quantitative research was to monitor the morbidity of primary school students and to compare the sickness of selected groups of students during the first semester of the 2017/2018 school year. Data for the monitored period were gathered from the school’s electronic database, the student’ file catalogue sheets, students’ notebooks and interviews with class teachers. Categorisation of the sample (569 persons) was done by gender, grade, results, specific educational needs, commuting, physical activity, and obesity. Data were processed anonymously, statistically analyzed in program EpiInfo. The significance of the differences between the groups was verified using selected ANOVA and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The transition from junior to senior elementary school, the level of the students’ results and whether specific educational needs exist or not are all factors that have a significant impact on student morbidity. Obese students were absent an average of 15.4 days, which is double the overall school average (6.8 days). It was observed that obesity and complications associated with it have a negative impact on student health and morbidity. The exercise and sports activities have a positive impact on health, since those students who were actively participating in sports were absent an average of only 2.5 days. The research has confirmed that physical activities have a positive impact on health, obesity and its complication negative. It is obvious that the higher morbidity is one of the factors that negatively affects academic performance and marks.
Opinions of Secondary School Students on Vegetarianism
Opinions of Secondary School Students on Vegetarianism
(Opinions of Secondary School Students on Vegetarianism)
- Author(s):Petr Kachlík
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, School education, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:75-114
- No. of Pages:40
- Keywords:ATVS; questionnaire; opinion; attitude; secondary school; vegetarianism; research; health; student;
- Summary/Abstract:Vegetarianism is the most widespread type of alternative nutrition worldwide and in the Czech Republic as well. The main objective of the survey was to identify the opinions/attitudes of secondary school students on vegetarians and to vegetarianism. The partial objective of the research was to analyze data obtained and to compare it to similar studies. Using an anonymous standardized questionnaire ATVS consisting of 33 statements on vegetarians, intentionally sample of 311 respondents – students from 4 secondary schools in a small town of Kyjov in the Czech Republic was addressed. The chi-square test and its modification according to Yates and Mantel-Haenszel were used to analyze differences among groups. Generally positive comments prevailed. Girls tended to be more positive and more tolerant to vegetarians than boys; girls were more tolerant to this lifestyle and less prejudiced. Attitudes in the group of younger and older students did not differ significantly. When comparing attitudes by different types of schools, the most positive and tolerant attitudes were the students from the grammar school and the nursing school. The students from two vocational schools were more negative and more prejudiced to the vegetarians. The most positive and tolerant attitudes were held by the grammar school students. These results also illustrate established hypotheses, of which it is clear after testing that girls show more positive relationships with vegetarians than boys.
The Attitudes of Health Education Teachers to Eating Disorders
The Attitudes of Health Education Teachers to Eating Disorders
(The Attitudes of Health Education Teachers to Eating Disorders)
- Author(s):Lenka Procházková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Health and medicine and law, Pedagogy
- Page Range:115-125
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:attitude; teacher; eating disorders; health education; semantic differential; interview;
- Summary/Abstract:In recent decades, the issue of eating disorders has been paid great attention not only in scientific literature but also research studies. The paper describes selected results of a research study involving teachers in lower secondary schools. The research instrument was the semantic differential. The research sample consisted of 168 teachers in lower secondary schools. The research investigated the differences in the respondents’ attitudes to eating disorders and their prevention by teaching qualification, gender, age and length of teaching experience. The results suggested more positive attitudes among unqualified teachers, although the results were not always significant. Those teachers who are not qualified in health education or family education perceive the issue of eating disorders more positively than teachers qualified in this field of study. As far as gender is concerned, significant differences were identified; female respondents perceived the issue of eating disorders more positively. Increasing age and longer teaching experience of the respondents was not correlated with greater interest in the issue.
Myths in Nutrition
Myths in Nutrition
(Myths in Nutrition)
- Author(s):Michal Svoboda
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Sociology, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:126-132
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:myths; nutrition; food;
- Summary/Abstract:A false irrational judgement based self-delusion created on subjective feelings of an individual or by a mechanical accepting of baseless information is considered as a myth. Selected myths refer to the following groups of food: fat, milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fruit and vegetables, cereal. The main objective of the research was to answer the following question: Do the respondents understand the selected statements about nutrition as true or not? The research method was a questionnaire of its own design. Among the statements that respondents believe to be true include: milk fills up with mucus, milk from a shop is thinned by water, milk “directly from a cow” is healthier, present-day yoghurt is not real yoghurt, processed cheese contains cheap margarine, meat is full of antibiotics and growth hormones, raw chicken meat contains less fat than pork, spinach contains a lot more iron than other green vegetable, brad made of leavening (without yeast and other substances) is valuable nowadays. The results of the questionnaire survey are in line with people’s long-term views on food and nutrition.
Energy Drinks in the Drinking Regime of Adolescents
Energy Drinks in the Drinking Regime of Adolescents
(Energy Drinks in the Drinking Regime of Adolescents)
- Author(s):Jan Schuster, Michaela Pospíšilová, Zuzana Andrýsková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:133-141
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:drinking regime; analysis; energy drinks; adolescence;
- Summary/Abstract:Energy drinks are popular products to cover the body claims of liquid intake mainly for young age categories. Their influence on human body is worth further discussion and their regular use can bear some risks. The aim of this work was to find out about the frequency of energy drinks use and the reasons why adolescents drink them. The analysis comes out of a quantity survey and was carried out in the form of questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contained 27 open and half-open questions. The research sample consisted of 645 respondents. Out of these, 71.47% consumes energy drinks; 62.85% consumes them at least once a month and 4.88% every day. Males consume energy drinks much more often than females. Current use of energy drinks throughout the population is very high and is rising. The impact of energy drinks usage on human body during a long-term consumption is a subject to current research. The amount of energy drinks used without risks to human body cannot be clearly stated.