(Teaching) Regional Geography: Proceedings of 27th Central European Conference. 17th October 2019, Brno
(Teaching) Regional Geography: Proceedings of 27th Central European Conference. 17th October 2019, Brno
Contributor(s): Darina Mísařová (Editor), Jana Petráková (Editor)
Subject(s): Cultural history, Business Economy / Management, Regional Geography, Environmental Geography, Applied Geography, Maps / Cartography, Government/Political systems, Electoral systems, School education, Behaviorism, Rural and urban sociology, Socio-Economic Research, Pedagogy
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: Urban geoheritage; Liberec; 2D Maps; Landscape fragmentation; geography teachers; Anthropogenic relief transformations; cultural heritage; parliamentary elections in Slovakia; Geology; Regional geography education; Agriculture development;
Summary/Abstract: The proceedings are the output of the 27th edition of the Central European Conference with subtitle (Teaching) of regional geography. The proceedings contain 19 contributions. Contributions indicate the current state of professional interest of conference participants. The contributions present current trends in geographical research by experts from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-80-210-9694-3
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-80-210-9693-6
- Page Count: 251
- Publication Year: 2020
- Language: English
Landscape Fragmentation Around Us – Integrating the Issue into Educational Processes at Primary and Secondary Schools
Landscape Fragmentation Around Us – Integrating the Issue into Educational Processes at Primary and Secondary Schools
(Landscape Fragmentation Around Us – Integrating the Issue into Educational Processes at Primary and Secondary Schools)
- Author(s):Ivo Dostál, Petr Anděl, Marek Havlíček, František Petrovič
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Environmental Geography, School education, Methodology and research technology, Pedagogy
- Page Range:9-20
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:landscape fragmentation; education; didactical methods;
- Summary/Abstract:The steadily increasing landscape fragmentation and the reduction of permeability for wildlife are among the most negative impacts of human activity on the environment. In terms of education, these problems appear to be rather demanding, with the difficulty corresponding to secondary school standards. Considering the multiple interdisciplinary connections, the entire process cannot be sufficiently understood without a relevant amount of preliminary knowledge. Such a corpus of information is acquired especially through biology/ecology, geography and history classes, but links to other subjects can be found too.
Mapping of urban geoheritage in city of Liberec using participatory research
Mapping of urban geoheritage in city of Liberec using participatory research
(Mapping of urban geoheritage in city of Liberec using participatory research)
- Author(s):Emil Drápela
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Environmental Geography, Maps / Cartography, Rural and urban sociology, Tourism
- Page Range:21-29
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:urban geotourism; educational trail; geoheritage; participatory research; GIS; geosites;
- Summary/Abstract:2019, in order to create an urban geoheritage trail in Liberec, it was mapped in the wider city centre. Considering the vastness of the area, mapping was carried out by volunteers who were interested in topic of popularization of geology but did not have the expertise of geological knowledge. This lack of expertise may seem to be a significant limiting factor, but in fact, it is a positive thing, as the knowledge of the mapping volunteer is at a similar (low) level to the future user of the educational trail. Thus, in the evaluation of geosites, the expert-layman barrier is eliminated and the benefit is the feedback of the future user. However, participatory research has its own specifics, which must be adapted to the methodology used. First, it is to ensure the homogeneity of the data that is collected by a large number of volunteers and which can be influenced by subjective influences. Furthermore, it is their professional value and practical application. Finally, yet importantly, the technical parameters of data that will be further processed in GIS. This paper describes the research methodology used and summarizes the experience with the use of participatory research for the purpose of mapping urban geoheritage in Liberec.
Regional and Geographic Features of pro-poor growth in Africa
Regional and Geographic Features of pro-poor growth in Africa
(Regional and Geographic Features of pro-poor growth in Africa)
- Author(s):Jaromír Harmáček, Barbora Frličková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Geography, Regional Geography, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:31-41
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:pro-poor growth; poverty; Africa; geography and growth;
- Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on regional and geographic features of pro-poor growth in African countries. The concept of pro-poor growth interconnects and examines mutual relationships between income growth, income poverty and income inequality. Using the World Bank’s income data, we calculate and interpret indicators of pro-poor growth for individual African countries. Then we analyze the results in terms of African regionalization and we investigate possible associations between pro-poor growth categories and selected geographic factors such as location, population size or population density. We show that higher pro-poorness of growth is typical for countries of Northern and Western Africa. The results also indicate that some of the geographic factors are significantly associated with propoor growth across African countries.
Comparison of Static Perspective Views and 2D Maps – the Role of Age, Spatial Abilities, and Task Nature
Comparison of Static Perspective Views and 2D Maps – the Role of Age, Spatial Abilities, and Task Nature
(Comparison of Static Perspective Views and 2D Maps – the Role of Age, Spatial Abilities, and Task Nature)
- Author(s):Lukáš Herman, Martina Faltejsková, Zdeněk Stachoň
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Maps / Cartography, Demography and human biology
- Page Range:43-54
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:3D cartography; spatial abilities; thematic 3D map; user testing;
- Summary/Abstract:In this study, we focus on the usability of pseudo-3D thematic maps (static perspective views) compared with their conventional 2D equivalents. A total of 105 study participants were divided into two groups (12–19 years old and 20–27 years old). A Perspective Taking Test measured their spatial abilities and each participant solved 15 tasks using four thematic maps. We compared map variants to determine which is more suitable for individual tasks. We then examined the differences between the two age groups and tried to find any relationship between the user’s spatial abilities and the number of correct answers. We observed a significant difference regarding the map’s visualization dimension only in one particular task and significant differences between the age groups when they worked with 2D maps. We found a positive correlation between the participant's level of spatial ability and the number of correct answers.
Comparison of map reading skills and geographical knowledge of future officers and geography teachers
Comparison of map reading skills and geographical knowledge of future officers and geography teachers
(Comparison of map reading skills and geographical knowledge of future officers and geography teachers)
- Author(s):Martin Hubáček, Jaromír Čapek, Eva Mertová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Maps / Cartography, Higher Education , Pedagogy
- Page Range:55-64
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:map reading; geographical knowledge; cartography literacy; university students;
- Summary/Abstract:Map reading is an important skill of the human population which varies from person depending on the age, education and many other circumstances. It is expected that some groups of adult population have higher skills in this area. Soldiers, architects, geography teachers and others belong to this group of people. The skills in reading paper maps are disappearing in current digital world. This is also observed in the case of students of the University of Defense in Brno. 228 students were tested in map reading and geographical knowledge of the Czech Republic to verify this fact. The examination of the map reading skills took place over a standard topographic map at a scale of 1 : 25 000 from the production of the Geographic Service of ACR. Testing of geographical knowledge of the Czech Republic was focused on drawing the map of district towns, rivers and geomorphological units of the Czech Republic. The results confirmed the initial assumptions about the decreasing level of these skills. In addition, there were also significant differences between individual groups of students caused mostly because of previous education as well as the currently studied specialization. The same testing was done on students of the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University in Brno to confirm these conclusions. This group students achieved worse results in map reading, but on the other hand, they have better knowledge of the geography of the Czech Republic.
Anthropogenic relief transformations – their knowledge and evaluation with regard to the uniqueness and cultural identity of regions
Anthropogenic relief transformations – their knowledge and evaluation with regard to the uniqueness and cultural identity of regions
(Anthropogenic relief transformations – their knowledge and evaluation with regard to the uniqueness and cultural identity of regions)
- Author(s):Karel Kirchner, Lucie Kubalíková, František Kuda, Marek Havliček
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Human Geography, Regional Geography, Environmental Geography
- Page Range:65-73
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:anthropogenic relief transformations; cultural heritage; region;
- Summary/Abstract:Within the development of new regional geography, the role of human geographic research in the study of regions is emphasized. Regional uniqueness, a consciousness of belonging to a particular region and regional identity also play an important role in the definition of regions. However, physical geography disciplines, e.g. geomorphology, can also contribute to the knowledge of these aspects with regard to the definition of regions. Currently, within the framework of geomorphology, attention is paid to the diversity of anthropogenic landforms. The knowledge and evaluation of these anthropogenic landforms, which are an important part of the historical elements of the landscape and are also referred to as cultural artefacts of the landscape, enables to supplement the cultural-historical values of the region and to specify the cultural identity of the region. On the example of sites – Staré Hradisko and Hostýn – we will present the specifics of secondary geodiversity with respect to the cultural identity of the sites.
Pre-industrial landscape of the Jeseníky region as a natural and cultural heritage
Pre-industrial landscape of the Jeseníky region as a natural and cultural heritage
(Pre-industrial landscape of the Jeseníky region as a natural and cultural heritage)
- Author(s):Jaromír Kolejka, Eva Nováková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Regional Geography, Historical Geography, Environmental Geography, 19th Century
- Page Range:75-89
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:terminology; regional specifics; inventory; geo-analysis;
- Summary/Abstract:Small parcels of agricultural land are rare in the present landscape of Czech Republic and become the subject of interests of the state protection of the nature, the landscape and the environment. At the same time, such areas represent interesting subjects for the local administration as attractive tourist object. In the historical territory of Moravia (the eastern 1/3 of the Czech Republic), a regional inventory of areas with preserved ancient land use structure was carried out on all individual cadastral territories (focused not only on small parcels, but also on large aristocratic estates on agricultural and forest land originated before the main wave of industrial revolution Moravia, before 1850. The sites are still subjects to topic economic pressure on land consolidation. Their existence in the future is under threat and is decreasing every year both in number and size. The inventory results are presented on example of the Jeseniky region.
Geographical approach to the analysis of elections on the example of parliamentary elections in Slovakia in 2016
Geographical approach to the analysis of elections on the example of parliamentary elections in Slovakia in 2016
(Geographical approach to the analysis of elections on the example of parliamentary elections in Slovakia in 2016)
- Author(s):Alfréd KROGMANN, Magdaléna Nemčíková, Jan Veselovsky, Andrej Svorad
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Government/Political systems, Electoral systems, Political behavior, Present Times (2010 - today)
- Page Range:91-111
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Parliamentary elections; Slovakia; area of election support disintegration of central right extremism;
- Summary/Abstract:With regard to suprising results of Parliamentary elections in Slovakia their geographic dimension is also important. The aim of this article is to analyze the milieu of elections and the subsequent spatial differentiation of the results of the 8 parties which were successful to enter the Parliament.
Geological paths – their use for the regional geography teaching
Geological paths – their use for the regional geography teaching
(Geological paths – their use for the regional geography teaching)
- Author(s):Lucie Kubalíková, Emil Drápela, Aleš Bajer, Dana Zapletalová, Marie Balkova, Kamil Zágoršek, Karel Kirchner, František Kuda, Pavel Roštinsky
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Regional Geography, Environmental Geography, Tourism
- Page Range:113-123
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:geodiversity; geotourism; geoheritage; cultural heritage; Brno;
- Summary/Abstract:Geological paths (geopaths, geotrails) represent a type of educational paths that connect sites which are interesting from the Earth-sciences point of view. These sites (e.g. outcrops, old quarries, historical buildings built of local stone or viewpoints) often represent the links between geodiversity and other phenomena within a region (which is in accordance with a holistic approach to geotourism). Thus, they can give complex information not only about the abiotic nature but also about biodiversity, history or culture of the region, usually through narrative. Suitable interpretation of geodiversity and its relationships to the biodiversity and cultural heritage allows to identify regional specifics, it helps to find the mutual connections between particular phenomena within the region and it supports the holistic perception of a given region. The contribution presents an example from the Brno city where the urban geopath can be used for teaching regional geography of Brno and its surroundings.
Monuments of cultural heritage from the perspective residents – a case study of Mikulčice (Czechia) and Vlkolínec (Slovakia)
Monuments of cultural heritage from the perspective residents – a case study of Mikulčice (Czechia) and Vlkolínec (Slovakia)
(Monuments of cultural heritage from the perspective residents – a case study of Mikulčice (Czechia) and Vlkolínec (Slovakia))
- Author(s):Libor Lněnička, Lenka Dvořáková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Regional Geography, Environmental Geography
- Page Range:125-137
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:UNESCO heritage; Mikulčice; Vlkolínec; survey; natural heritage; cultural heritage;
- Summary/Abstract:Considering and deciding of future same territory is a complicated task requiring the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders and institutions. When it comes to deciding in the areas or sites under UNESCO patronage, it is a process sensitive to other inputs, comments, evaluations and attention from all sides. The following paper provides a description of the main results of questionnaire survey aimed at obtaining data on traditional natural and cultural values in carrying out the protection and care of UNESCO monuments. The model territory were on the Slovak side of Vlkolínec (for 25 years on the list of UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage) and on the Czech side of the Slavonic fortified settlement in Mikulčice, which is a potential candidate for registration on the UNESCO list.
Regional biogeographical model of vegetation zones in doctoral programme Regional Biography in Olomouc (Case study for Norway spruce)
Regional biogeographical model of vegetation zones in doctoral programme Regional Biography in Olomouc (Case study for Norway spruce)
(Regional biogeographical model of vegetation zones in doctoral programme Regional Biography in Olomouc (Case study for Norway spruce))
- Author(s):Ivo Machar, Marián Halás
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Physical Geopgraphy, Regional Geography, Environmental Geography, Human Ecology
- Page Range:139-146
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:climate change scenarios; landscape; regional model; vegetation zone;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper deals with applying of regional biogeography model of climate conditions for vegetation zones in Czechia to doctoral programme Regional Geography in Palacky University Olomouc. The model is based on general knowledge of landscape vegetation zonation. Climate data for model come from predicted validated climate database under RCP8.5 scenario since 2100. Ecological data are included in the Biogeography Register database (geobiocoenological data related to landscape for cadastral areas of the Czech Republic). Mathematical principles of modelling are based on set of software solutions with GIS. Students use the model in the frame of the course “Special Approaches to Landscape Research” not only for regional scenarios climate change impacts in landscape scale, but also for assessment of climate conditions for growing capability of agricultural crops or forest trees under climate change on regional level.
Agriculture Development of the Nitra Region in the Context of Slovakia after year 2004
Agriculture Development of the Nitra Region in the Context of Slovakia after year 2004
(Agriculture Development of the Nitra Region in the Context of Slovakia after year 2004)
- Author(s):Jana Némethová, Melánia Feszterová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Agriculture, Regional Geography, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:147-161
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Nitra region; livestock production; employment in agriculture; business structure;
- Summary/Abstract:The agriculture in Slovakia has undergone structural changes since its accession to the European Union (EU) in 2004, that have been linked to the adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU Member States. The article focuses on the Nitra region as a typical agricultural region of Slovakia and its development from the agricultural point of view from 2004. Compared to other Slovak regions the Nitra region has good soil climatic ratios, for the development of agriculture. The Nitra region has the largest share of agricultural land which is characterized by a high-level share of arable land from total agricultural land. The region has the highest values in gross agricultural production from the 2004-2016 reporting period. It has good results in plant and livestock production. The region has the highest employment in agriculture. Despite the decline in agricultural land, as well as a decline in total employment in agriculture, the region has the highest employment in agriculture in Slovakia. It is characterized by a well-developed business structure for intensive agricultural production.
Regional Geography of Aid: Subnational Approach to Foreign Aid Allocations in Research and Education
Regional Geography of Aid: Subnational Approach to Foreign Aid Allocations in Research and Education
(Regional Geography of Aid: Subnational Approach to Foreign Aid Allocations in Research and Education)
- Author(s):Zdeněk Opršal
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Regional Geography, International relations/trade, Developing nations
- Page Range:163-172
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:foreign aid; subnational aid; geocoding; Czech Republic; Ethiopia; AidData;
- Summary/Abstract:Foreign aid allocations have been of interest to researchers in developing economy, development studies, and development geography. Most of the available studies address development issues at countries level rather than at subnational levels within these countries. Researchers model and test the distribution of aid across recipient countries, considering recipient countries as homogenous units. This methodological approach masks an important regional heterogeneity within developing countries; therefore sub-national analyses may significantly contribute to more nuanced understanding of foreign aid. The gap in research arises from the related fact, that there has been a chronic lack of usable project-level data from developing countries. The situation has been changing only slowly over the last few years. This contribution attempts to emphasize the importance of the regional perspective in research of foreign aid allocations and to demonstrate the challenges associated with the geocoding of the Czech Republic’s foreign aid projects on the example of students’ seminar assignment on Czech foreign aid in Ethiopa.
Regional Geography Education in Poland
Regional Geography Education in Poland
(Regional Geography Education in Poland)
- Author(s):Agnieszka Świętek, Wiktor Osuch
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Regional Geography, School education, State/Government and Education, Pedagogy
- Page Range:173-186
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:regional education; regional geography; geography core curriculum; reform of Polish education system;
- Summary/Abstract:Education in regional geography in Poland takes place at public schools from the earliest educational stages and is compulsory until young people reach the age of adulthood. Reforms of the Polish education system, resulting in changes in the core curriculum of general education, likewise resulted in concept of education in the field of regional geography. The subject of the authors’ article is education in geography in the Polish education system at various educational stages. The authors’ analysis has two research goals. The first concerns changes in the education of regional geography at Polish schools; here the analysis and evaluation of the current content of education in the field of regional geography are offered. The second one is the study of the model of regional geography education in geographical studies in Poland on the example of the geography at the Pedagogical University of Cracow. Although elements of education about one’s own region already appear in a kindergarten, they are most strongly implemented at a primary school in the form of educational paths, e.g. “Regional education – cultural heritage in the region”, and at a lower-secondary school (gymnasium) during geography classes.
Didactic Aspect of Teaching Environmental Geography (The Draft of Environmental Geography Textbook for Primary Schools)
Didactic Aspect of Teaching Environmental Geography (The Draft of Environmental Geography Textbook for Primary Schools)
(Didactic Aspect of Teaching Environmental Geography (The Draft of Environmental Geography Textbook for Primary Schools))
- Author(s):Michaela Strišková, Daša Oremusová, Magdaléna Nemčíková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Environmental Geography, School education, Methodology and research technology, Pedagogy
- Page Range:187-199
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:environmental geography; textbook; didactic methods;
- Summary/Abstract:Nowadays, we can observe that there is still not sufficient amount of textbooks in various areas of Education. One of these areas is also Environmental geography which is an important part of geography lessons at primary school. Therefore, our main intention in this contribution is to introduce design of the textbook for Environmental geography. Textbook that we have created introduces and solves environmental problems on global, regional and local level in a very detailed way. The aim of the textbook is to applicate all of the dimensions of environmental geography into each class at the second grade of primary schools in Slovakia. We have created didactic material which helps teachers during their teaching, as well as material interesting and engaging for students. The proposed textbook could be motivating because of many additional illustrations, various games and tasks using not only classical, but also modern didactic methods.
Environmental visualization of selected Czech regions: analysis of geography textbooks
Environmental visualization of selected Czech regions: analysis of geography textbooks
(Environmental visualization of selected Czech regions: analysis of geography textbooks)
- Author(s):Petr Trahorsch, Roman Kroufek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Regional Geography, Environmental Geography, School education, Pedagogy
- Page Range:201-210
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:visual; geography textbook; environment; region; textbook analyses;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to evaluate the quality of environmental visualization of selected regions in Czech geography textbooks for primary and lower secondary schools. The method of quantitative content analysis of visuals was used. The categories of quantitative analysis were defined based on the content of the environmental and geographical curriculum, for example landscape type, emotional charge etc. The results show a relatively similar structure of environmental visualization between textbooks: emotionally positive visuals showing the protection of cultural-historical heritage and protection of nature dominate. The exception is the Moravskoslezský kraj, which is visually presented in a negative way compared to other regions. In textbooks there are a minimum of abstract visuals or visuals showing the tendencies of environmental components.
Retail and shopping behavior in small towns in Slovakia (example study of Zlaté Moravce town)
Retail and shopping behavior in small towns in Slovakia (example study of Zlaté Moravce town)
(Retail and shopping behavior in small towns in Slovakia (example study of Zlaté Moravce town))
- Author(s):Miroslava Trembošová, Alena Dubcova, Natália Horná
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Behaviorism, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:211-223
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:retail network in the town of Zlaté Moravce; shopping behavior; consumer typology;
- Summary/Abstract:In the past 15 years we have been involved in the rapid development of retail in Slovakia. Its globalization trends, materialized in shopping malls, often built on a ‚green field‘ along major communication lines, have had a significant impact on commercial suburbanization. The „pulling“ of large-scale retail centers on the outskirts of the city significantly affects the state and further development in the central part of the city, with frequent consequences (deadening) of traditional retail zones, many times leading to their disappearance. The new shopping zones change the mode of the time fund and the adopted daily cycles of shopping life for both urban and rural populations and promote consumerism. A number of elements adapt to this phenomenon, e.g. transport networks and parking facilities, opening hours of shops, monitoring the convenience of purchases through prices in leaflets between the traditional and new zone, synergy of non-commercial services, spending leisure time. Nowadays we are witnessing the penetration of foreign retail companies into the medium-sized to small towns of Slovakia and its changes in concentration, integration and internationalization. The aim of the paper is a brief description of the retail network in the typically small Slovak town of Zlaté Moravce. The next section presents the results of a survey of consumer buying behavior and evaluation of its conclusions.
Inquiry-based learning and its using in geography at the second level of primary schools
Inquiry-based learning and its using in geography at the second level of primary schools
(Inquiry-based learning and its using in geography at the second level of primary schools)
- Author(s):Katerina Vilinova, Veronika Kabátová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Applied Geography, School education, Pedagogy
- Page Range:225-236
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:inquiry-based teaching geography; teaching proces; second level of primary school;
- Summary/Abstract:Current social needs emphasize the education of a person with creative thinking, capable of not only finding problems but also solving them. Different strategies are applied in the educational process according to the society’s requirements for an educated individual. On this basis, the appropriate content of education, organizational forms, didactic methods and the use of the latest didactic techniques are also determined. One way to achieve this is to introduce other teaching methods, such as inquiry-based teaching, into the teaching process. Inquiry-based learning aims to make science lessons more effective, especially at primary schools, and at the same time seeks to attract students to study them. It has an irreplaceable role in new, modern and successful ways of teaching science. The aim of the paper is to design methodological sheets in the 5th year of elementary school in terms of inquiry-based learning and their application to the teaching process.
Secret potential of the ecosystem services in lower secondary education in Slovakia
Secret potential of the ecosystem services in lower secondary education in Slovakia
(Secret potential of the ecosystem services in lower secondary education in Slovakia)
- Author(s):Gréta Vrbičanová, Lucia Szabová, Matej Močko, Dominika Kaisová, Imrich Jakab
- Language:English
- Subject(s):School education, Human Ecology, Pedagogy
- Page Range:237-247
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:ecosystem services; secondary education; GIS;
- Summary/Abstract:Declines in biodiversity have corroborated view of scientists to promote ecosystem services to gain support for conservation of the nature from people of all ages all over the world. The ecosystem services are sparsely characterized in education literature and they are not included in the most recent iteration of Slovak standards for lower secondary education. In this paper we are introducing the concept of ecosystem services and discuss why it is an important idea to teach in lower secondary education. Main aim is to present set of conceptual ideas of how to include interdisciplinary field of ecosystem services into geography. Our approach provides an opportunity to use several teaching methods to help students make connections between modern technology and ecological, geographical and social systems. Simultaneously, it is a brand-new approach of connecting students through modern technology and ecosystem services with landscape and improve their perception in the regional geography.
