Vesnická stavební kultura: Stavební materiál – domová dispozice – slohové ohlasy – dřevěné sakrální stavby
Rural Architectural Culture
Contributor(s): Roman Malach (Editor), Miroslav Válka (Editor)
Subject(s): Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Photography, Architecture, Archiving, Middle Ages, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Rural and urban sociology, 17th Century, 18th Century, 19th Century, Source Material
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: Tradition rural houses; Rural architecture; mud building; 18th-19th centuries; clay as a building material; wooden Churches; log cabins and granaries; wooden bell towers;
Summary/Abstract: The publication follows the traditional rural house from the point of view of building materials, house arrangement, echoes of styles as well as timbered and sacral buildings. It features an interdisciplinary approach that includes methodological procedures applied by architects, preservationists, historians and ethnologists. Even though the rural house was a theme of synthetic works, one did not succeed in explaining all the genetic and typological issues; moreover, the researchers’ interpretations differ on a lot of phenomena. Historical research of constructions and ethnologic research, applying new methods of dating recently, as well as plan documentation discovered in archive funds offer new knowledge that corrects the hitherto findings based on the application of traditional macroscopic methods.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-80-210-8239-7
- Page Count: 267
- Publication Year: 2014
- Language: Slovak, Czech
Hlinené stavebné technológie v kolonizačnom prostredí podunajsko-panonského priestoru v 18.–20. storočí
Hlinené stavebné technológie v kolonizačnom prostredí podunajsko-panonského priestoru v 18.–20. storočí
(Clay construction technologies in the colonization environment of the Danubian-Pannonian area in the 18th–20th centuries.)
- Author(s):Ján Botík
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Local History / Microhistory, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:11-21
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Mud buildings; house of Pannonian type; Pannonia; mud ovens; colonization processes;
- Summary/Abstract:The contribution pays attention to mud building techniques in the Mid-Danube area and Pannonian Plain. After a large colonization process in the 18th century, the house of “Pannonian type” was formed in this multiethnic environment, which featured the multipurpose utilization of mud. More building techniques were applied allowing to use mud as building material for wall constructions. Mud was also used for the surface treatment of floors and ceilings in mud houses. In the Danube-Pannonian region, a special type of mud ovens developed. The house of Pannonian type also included special decorative forms of the internal and external elements of dwellings.
- Price: 4.50 €
Poznámky k problému historického užití a povrchového ztvárnění lepenice jako pokryvu dřevěných konstrukcí v Čechách
Poznámky k problému historického užití a povrchového ztvárnění lepenice jako pokryvu dřevěných konstrukcí v Čechách
(Notes on the problem of historical use and surface rendering of cardboard as a covering of wooden structures in Bohemia)
- Author(s):Jiří Škabrada
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Environmental Geography, Middle Ages
- Page Range:22-29
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:wood and earth; medieval architecture; timbered and half-timbered walls; daub; wooden and mud walls; fire protection; surface decoration;
- Summary/Abstract:The essay sums up the knowledge about historical co-existence of wooden walls and a layer of daub – a substance that served in the past as a kind of physical, thermal and fire protection not only in the countryside. There are mentioned in particular the oldest less-known documents from the Middle Ages, including the interpretation of house constructions as it was captured in medieval iconographic sources. These allow to recognize houses whose wooden construction in undoubtedly covered by daub with illusive decorations on its surface. Sometimes the daub on timbered or half-timbered walls looked like a kind of decoration if finished with patterns that were to fix the finer top coat, which was often not applied.
- Price: 4.50 €
Využití hlíny u roubeného malohanáckého domu
Využití hlíny u roubeného malohanáckého domu
(The use of clay in a wooden house in Malohanác)
- Author(s):Jiří Pokorný
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:30-44
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Malá Haná; house in Malá Haná; timbered construction; mud plaster; techniques;
- Summary/Abstract:The contribution writes about various utilization of mud at timbered buildings in the ethnographic sub-region of Malá Haná around the town of Boskovice. With particular examples, it documents varied building techniques that have not been researched in such a thorough way so far. It has turned out that the phenomenon includes various techniques in the monitored region and it can still be researched at some buildings, especially residential houses that have survived in their intact form. It can also be compared in wider regional connections with the researches that show similar deep knowledge of constructions. Such researches prove to be even more urgent today because e.g. different types of mud plasters can be documented in the field, which until recently were vaguely indicated as e.g. mud fur-coats or puddle, however, without a more detailed description of their composition and design. The contemporary condition of the survived constructions in the region is most conductive to the research. The oldest buildings are often maintained insufficiently, which enables to know the layers and the structure of a building better. This would not be possible to research with the application of non-destructive methods at well-maintained buildings.
- Price: 4.50 €
Stavby z nepálených cihel na Berounsku a Hořovicku
Stavby z nepálených cihel na Berounsku a Hořovicku
(Buildings made of unburnt bricks in Berounska and Hořovick)
- Author(s):Helena Mevaldová
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Local History / Microhistory, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919)
- Page Range:45-55
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Berounsko; Hořovicko; buildings made of unburnt bricks; occurrence; names of unburnt bricks;
- Summary/Abstract:At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when the quantity of buildings made of unburnt bricks was at the top, 30 % to 70 % of constructions were built from this material in some villages in the District of Beroun. Permanently inhabited houses, at which the unburnt bricks dominated as material of load-bearing walls, constituted 5,0 % of the total housing as late as in 1961. In the Bohemian Karst and Prague Plateau areas (north-east part of the District of Beroun), stone or brick masonry prevailed in the 19th century. The unburnt bricks were used here to a considerably smaller extent than in the rest of the region. Mud bricks, which had other four names in the regions of Berounsko and Hořovicko, often constituted supplementary material in combination with timbered constructions or stone masonry. Commonly used were mud bricks for one or even more walls (open-hearth kitchen) or to wall-up a strip from unburnt bricks as a half-storey above the house ground floor.
- Price: 4.50 €
Užití hlíny v lidovém stavitelství v severní části středních Čech na příkladech z dokumentačních fondů Etnologického ústavu Akademie věd v Praze
Užití hlíny v lidovém stavitelství v severní části středních Čech na příkladech z dokumentačních fondů Etnologického ústavu Akademie věd v Praze
(The use of clay in folk construction in the northern part of Central Bohemia on examples from the documentation funds of the Institute of Ethnology of the Academy of Sciences in Prague)
- Author(s):Dana Motyčková, Kateřina Sedlická
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Regional Geography
- Page Range:56-61
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Unburnt bricks; mud plasters; mud puddles; half-timbered structure; Central Bohemia;
- Summary/Abstract:The area of alluvial sediments and loess soils in flat and slightly undulating terrains north of Prague, in a part of the Districts of Mělník and Litoměřice, around the confluence of the Vltava and the Elbe rivers, is a territory in which one can still encounter traditional building material – unburnt mud. The most buildings are painted with lime or cement plasters in modern times, which cover older mud construction. It was flood in 2002 that drew attention to this material, as the residential houses were devastated considerably in the villages of Zálezlice, Zátvor and Kozárovice. This became an inspiration for the study of the type of housing in the villages in question as well as the nearby ones, which the content of the submitted essay presents.
- Price: 4.50 €
Hliněné hospodářské stavby a jejich technologie
Hliněné hospodářské stavby a jejich technologie
(Mud farm buildings and their technology)
- Author(s):Věra Kovářů
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Agriculture, 19th Century
- Page Range:62-70
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Mud; farm building; chamber; ramming; unburnt bricks; mud coating; barn; mud cobs; vineyard building; wine cellar; layered walls; kiln-house for fruit drying; technique; peasant; grog;
- Summary/Abstract:Mud has accompanied people from the time immemorial. They used it to build their dwellings, religious buildings, and farm buildings necessary for their agricultural activities. They needed these buildings to store corps and foods in them. It was the larder that stood within the shortest distance from the house or was even connected with the house under one common roof. Made of rammed earth or unburnt bricks, it could keep constant temperature. Mud larders or timbered larders coated with mud were widespread all over South and South-East Moravia and often even in the regions of Malá Haná and Vyškovsko. Peasants stored their corn in barns built from unburnt bricks. Barns built from mud cobs shaped as a smaller loaf of bread represent the older form from the 19th and the outset of the 20th century. This technique has rarely survived only in relicts in the ethnographic area of Haná. The same technique was used to enclose gardens and orchards. When studying buildings in vineyards, especially in the region around Znojmo or in South Moravia, one succeeded in discovering wine cellars built with the technique of layered or rammed mud interlayed with grog of small and bigger stones. Kiln-houses for fruit drying, disseminated in orchards, were built from unburnt bricks as well. Wooden kiln-houses coated with mud were found in the environs of Luhačovice. Mud farm buildings, if not damaged by penetrating water, were serving for many decades.
- Price: 4.50 €
Stodoly z válků ve Slupi, okr. Znojmo
Stodoly z válků ve Slupi, okr. Znojmo
(Barns from the wars in Slup, district Znojemsko)
- Author(s):Jitka Matuszková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Archiving, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:71-79
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Region of Znojemsko; Slup; barns; mud-cob masonry; monuments; archive sources;
- Summary/Abstract:In the village of Slup in the region of Znojmo, there are listed four barns built with the mudcob masonry technique. The assessment of archive sources helps determine the period of their origin.
- Price: 4.50 €
Poruchy hliněných staveb způsobené vodou
Poruchy hliněných staveb způsobené vodou
(Failures of mud structures caused by water)
- Author(s):Ivana Žabičková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Physical Geopgraphy, Environmental Geography
- Page Range:80-86
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:water in soil; clay minerals; humidity of mud construction material; defects; repairs; reconstruction of mud buildings;
- Summary/Abstract:Water content is crucial for the properties of cohesive soils on the foundation surface, as well as for the properties of earthen construction materials at the upper part of a construction. Along with the rising content of water, the load-bearing capacity descends and the deformation power and shrinkage increase. These properties have mostly negative impact on the buildings and they cause a great part of defects on mud constructions. The repairs and reconstructions are possible, however, often costly; therefore high-quality and well-timed maintenance is recommended, which is the best prevention of the defects of mud buildings.
- Price: 4.50 €
Práce s hlínou v zubrnickém skanzenu
Práce s hlínou v zubrnickém skanzenu
(Working with clay in the Zubrnice open-air museum)
- Author(s):František Ledvinka
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Architecture
- Page Range:87-94
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Clay; bricklayer’s raw material; grog – sand; organic components – straw; chaff; animals hair; timbered buildings; half-timbered buildings;
- Summary/Abstract:From the first attempts with chinking the long-joints and the spans in timber-frame on newly transferred buildings at the Zubrnice Open-Air-Museum thirty years ago to the almost sophisticated work with mud with the students in the studio. Natural materials of Ústí University. Withdrawal of laborious digging and procession of local raw materials and preferred utilization of recycled puddle from original buildings. Utilization of new unburnt bricks directly from brick factory, and clay from glass sand flotation. Addition of organic components (straw, chaff) from own resources and tests with calf hair from a supplier from Germany.
- Price: 4.50 €
„Špýcharový“ dům – pokus o definici
„Špýcharový“ dům – pokus o definici
(A "cabin" house - an attempt at a definition)
- Author(s):Jiří Škabrada
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Middle Ages, Rural and urban sociology
- Page Range:97-99
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Czechia; rural house; Middle Ages; composition of rooms; high living room; heating; smoke;
- Summary/Abstract:A short essay with an attempt to define the above term represents a summary of a longer paper that – in the light of contemporary knowledge – tried to assort the opinions relating to a phenomenon introduced into the professional literature by Václav Mencl. He presented this phenomenon in a suggestive and non-historical manner, although it was Lubor Niederle long time ago who had indicated the way leading to the correct understanding of such a structure. Recently, with regards to the above explanation, factual arguments have been given about the influence of fume-hood heating on the layout of a habitable room (height) as well as about the probably colonization origin of the three-part arrangement of a traditional rural house. Because of this, the “granary-style” house becomes indeed a common type of the medieval rural house with its well-understandable function.
- Price: 4.50 €
Špýcharový dům a řešení jeho problematiky v české etnologii
Špýcharový dům a řešení jeho problematiky v české etnologii
(The granary house and the solution to its problems in Czech ethnology)
- Author(s):Miroslav Válka
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Middle Ages, Rural and urban sociology
- Page Range:100-107
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Folk house typology; house with double-storeyed chamber; granary (špýchar); Czech lands;
- Summary/Abstract:In the Middle Ages, the above-ground house with three-part arrangement developed in rural environment in the Czech lands. Its arrangement included residential area (room), communication area (hall) and farm and storage area (cowshed, larder). The researchers explained the genesis of such an arrangement by autochthon development or foreign cultural influences. Pursuant to the function of the houses´ farm area, the ethnographer V. Pražák defined three basic types of Bohemian folk house, which he related to the main settlement waves (Slavic settlement, great medieval colonization, colonization of Walachia and Kopanice in the Carpathian Mountains). The so-called “granary-style house” with two-storeyed storage room (larder) was designated as a larder type variant. The architect V. Mencl enlarged upon the theory of the granary-style house, dating its origin back to the Slavic period. As later shown by the research (J. Škabrada), the two-storeyed storage room of the house could have been connected with the fume-hood operation in the room. The title “granary-style house” is not fully correct because the term granary (špýchar from German Speicher) was used only in a part of the Czech language territory and predominantly for an independent building (granary) situated outside the house in its yard. In Moravia, where the two-storeyed larders as a part of residential houses are documented by recent finds in the regions of Haná and Slovácko (Central and South-East Moravia), the term “granary – špýchar” does not appear at all. Therefore the term “a house with a two-storeyed larder” seems to be a better name for the mentioned variant of village houses.
- Price: 4.50 €
Problematika sýpky v teoretických projektech realizovaných na přelomu 30. a 40. let 20. století (s přihlédnutím k Domažlicku)
Problematika sýpky v teoretických projektech realizovaných na přelomu 30. a 40. let 20. století (s přihlédnutím k Domažlicku)
(The issue of the granary in theoretical projects implemented at the turn of the 1930s and 1940s (with Domažlicka taken into account))
- Author(s):Dana Motyčková, Kateřina Sedlická
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Architecture, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
- Page Range:108-117
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Regional contest of architecture; survey action; Czech Academy of Science and Art (ČAVU); Theodor Petřík; Karel Chotek; farmhouse; granary; protectorate; archive funds;
- Summary/Abstract:The Ethnographical Commission at the Czech Academy of Science and Art was established to utilize effectively the government grant on behalf of the Czech folk culture, especially the Czech folk architecture and folk songs. It worked from 1941 until 1946. With its activities and financial subsidies, it helped bridge the period of protectorate, not propitious for ethnography. In its work, it took into consideration the needs of ethnography in the wide sense of the word, as well as the social aspects. The proposals arisen from two architectural contests of the Ministry of Education were probably the first ones that solved the issue of new construction of farmhouses, taking into consideration the needs of farmhouses of different sizes; as well, they adopted a responsible approach to regional needs, including the outside appearance of the buildings. Because of the development of architecture in the Czech countryside, the above events placed high demands mainly on how to assert and link together the novelties with traditional processes in construction of the village and small-town house. One of the assessment criteria included a requirement for the previous study of local architecture in the field and the corresponding literature. The period of protectorate as well as the following short period of after-war renewal did not allow to use the submitted proposals in practice. The results of the subsequent Survey Action were used neither at that time, nor later. However, they retain a lot of important information for the study of folk architecture, because in many places they captured the last moments of existing traditional housing, especially the wooden one.
- Price: 4.50 €
Rozšíření špýcharového domu na Doudlebsku
Rozšíření špýcharového domu na Doudlebsku
(Extension of the storage house in Doudlebsko)
- Author(s):Daniel Šnejd
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Architecture, Regional Geography
- Page Range:118-126
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Doudlebsko region; folk architecture; two-storeyed larder; two-storeyed granary; larder dug into the earth; granary-style house; Kouty; timbered room;
- Summary/Abstract:Singular recent finds of granary-style houses in the District of Český Krumlov have become a motivation to find out to which extent this type of archaic houses has survived in the entire ethnographic area of Doudlebsko, where such finds are located. The occurrence of the granary-style house in this region is mentioned also in older literature. A research task of the National Heritage Institute, financed by the Ministry of Culture programme for institutional support, provided financial funds for an overall research in the years 2013 and 2014. This research mapped 85 village settlements in the ethnographic area of Doudlebsko. From a plethora of discovered houses that featured one of more hallmarks typical for the granarystyle house, several best-preserved and hitherto not published examples are described.
- Price: 4.50 €
Sruby a sýpkové (polo)patro na Hané
Sruby a sýpkové (polo)patro na Hané
(Log cabins and granaries (half) floor of Hané)
- Author(s):Jiří Kaláb
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Regional Geography, 18th Century, 19th Century
- Page Range:127-130
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Haná; granaries; log houses; granary half-storey; farm constructions; fire-protection order;
- Summary/Abstract:Isolated buildings, such as granaries, did and do not occur to such a large extent in the ethnographic area of Haná, as they did and do in Bohemian regions. Yet especially until the end of the 18th century, the crop and tools were stored in the so-called log house (srub). According to its name, it was probably a timbered building, which was converted into a masonry one at the end of this period. In connection with the fire-protection rules and the changes in roof frame construction, the storage rooms were transferred to the main (habitable) building of the farmstead – first in the form of a two-storeyed larder, which in principle meant the translocation of the log house into the building, and after that in the form of a granary half-storey and storey. Currently, these rooms are not used; they rather have been rebuilt for habitable purpose.
- Price: 4.50 €
Roubené sýpky a špýchary na Berounsku a Hořovicku
Roubené sýpky a špýchary na Berounsku a Hořovicku
(Logged granaries and storehouses in Beroun and Hořovicko)
- Author(s):Helena Mevaldová
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Architecture
- Page Range:131-138
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Folk timbered architecture; district of Beroun; farm buildings; granaries; two-storey timbered granaries; pass-through pillar hovels;
- Summary/Abstract:The contribution includes the results of field researches the author carried out in the last quarter of the 20th century in the district of Beroun. Small one-storey timbered granaries and one-storey two-room granaries have survived rather rarely in the regions of Berounsko and Hořovicko. A higher number of examples substantiate two-storey timbered granaries, which completed the form of farmhouses significantly in the regions of Berounsko and Hořovicko. They featured a wooden staircase and an access gallery placed on the courtyard side and protected by overhanging roof. The ground floor could either be fully opened, carried by columns with doubled straps, or partially or fully closed by timbered or masonry walls. For the region north of the Berounka River, from Plasko to Karlštejn environs, the two-storey granary was typically placed at the entrance gate to the farmhouse. In the region of Berounsko, the two-storey granary often used to stand at the surrounding wall, in the middle or even in the rear part of the courtyard; we can find such types of granaries on both banks of the Berounka River. The wider area of Křivoklát forests and Podbrdsko featured pass-through pillar hovel with a granary under the roof. Such hovels were typically situated in the middle of the courtyard. In the 19th century, timbered granaries were replaced by masonry buildings the examples of which have survived as well.
- Price: 4.50 €
Kresebná dokumentace sýpek v muzejních fondech
Kresebná dokumentace sýpek v muzejních fondech
(Drawing documentation of granaries in museum funds)
- Author(s):Lubomír Procházka
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Architecture, Regional Geography, Preservation
- Page Range:139-142
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:drawing; documentation at museums, granaries; Chodsko; Pošumaví;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the contribution is to highlight the documentary funds related to folk architecture in the regions of Chodsko and Pošumaví, stored at the Chodsko Museum in Domažlice and the Dr. Hostaš Local History Museum in Klatovy. Václav Kohout (1904–1984) was one of the most significant authors of folk architecture documentation in the district of Domažlice, especially that of the house from the region of Chodsko. The author devoted himself to documentary work as early as since the second half of the 1930s when a voluminous set of surveys, aquarelles and drawings evolved, which is stored at the Chodsko Museum in Domažlice. V. Kohout paid his highest attention to document the development of the hearth and especially the open-hearth kitchen. His aquarelles document the timbered house from the region of Chodsko, which had been gradually provided with masonry since the second half of the 18th century.
- Price: 4.50 €
Slohové ohlasy v lidové architektuře jako badatelský problém
Slohové ohlasy v lidové architektuře jako badatelský problém
(Stylistic echoes in folk architecture as a research problem)
- Author(s):Miroslav Válka
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Architecture, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
- Page Range:145-153
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Folk architecture; styles influences; Czech history; history of ethnology;
- Summary/Abstract:The relation between the folk and the stylish culture was solved by both ethnography (ethnology) and history of arts. Primarily, these issues were monitored on folk art and in relation of folk and style architecture. At the beginning, the ethnography focused on the timbered house that was considered an expression of autochthon folk architecture. In the inter-war period, it was art historians (Z. Wirth, V. Mencl) who devoted themselves to this theme. They overrated the influence of historical styles and considered the rural house to be an unoriginal rusticated form inspired by high culture. The representatives of Czech functionalism and structuralism (K. Šourek, K. Honzík) took a more complex opinion. After the war, the research was aimed at the documentation of surviving masonry buildings with the terrain echoes of styles as well as at the analysis of decorative elements and their authors (V. Bělík, L. Štěpánek, I. Minář). These issues were extensively monitored in Southern Bohemia, where one speaks even about ”Rustic Baroque”. Based on architectural development, source archives materials and planned documentation, the above issues are solved by M. Ebel and J. Škabrada.
- Price: 4.50 €
Selské baroko ve světle stavebních plánů
Selské baroko ve světle stavebních plánů
(Peasant baroque in the light of building plans)
- Author(s):Jiří Škabrada
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, 19th Century
- Page Range:154-162
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Bohemian countryside; 19th century architecture; surviving of Baroque Style; rustic Baroque; project and implementation; building proceedings;
- Summary/Abstract:Until the second half of the 19th century, buildings in the Bohemian countryside featured – among others – surviving of architectural Baroque motifs – especially typical shaped gables with stuccoes. Thanks to survived projects, which could be found recently, we can follow how the popularity of those motifs developed – beginning with the outskirts of bigger cities at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries through small towns to rural house owners in the country around the mid–19th century. However, it was possible to document as early as in the twenties and thirties that these decorative shapes were rejected during building permit proceedings. Especially in Southern Bohemia, such embellished gables were so popular that they were made by local artisans even if the project assumed a different and simpler solution. Looking at the more general development of historicizing architecture in the second half of the 19th century, it is undoubtedly interesting that the end of the popularity of Baroque-style elements in the Bohemian village in the 1860s in principle gets ahead of the following popularity of Baroque shapes in official architecture (so-called second Rococo since the 3rd quarter of the 19th century- and Neo-Baroque at the turn of the 19th and 20th century).
- Price: 4.50 €
Slohové ohlasy v lidové architektuře jihočeských Blat ve fotodokumentaci sourozenců Chalupníčkových
Slohové ohlasy v lidové architektuře jihočeských Blat ve fotodokumentaci sourozenců Chalupníčkových
(Stylistic echoes in the folk architecture of South Bohemian Blat in the photo documentation of the Chalupníček siblings)
- Author(s):Dana Motyčková, Kateřina Sedlická
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Photography, Architecture, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Source Material
- Page Range:163-170
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Photo-documentation; folk architecture; Southern Bohemia; analysis of styles;
- Summary/Abstract:A large set of photographs by the architects Miroslav and Věra Chalupníček from 1940 became a basis for the concise analysis of construction styles in the region of Blata (moorland spread between Soběslav and Veselí nad Lužnicí towns). It is stored in archival collections at the Institute of Ethnology AS CR, v.v.i. For the first sketch of the issue of styles, a part of buildings (gable) has been chosen for the submitted contribution. This part was included into a system created based on a chronological analysis that proceeds on dates mentioned on the buildings. The adumbrated hypotheses about the morphology of gables at farmhouses in Blata are documented by photos. Because of the date of their origin – these photos captured even the oldest then preserved horizon of the original timbered housing with wooden folded slabs. The photos also captured masonry buildings with thatched roofs, documented – despite date inscriptions – by the oldest types of gables with distinctive Baroque Style, which later were shaped in the Empire Style and kept the tectonic character of the design. With the development of masonry buildings since the 1830s, the surviving Baroque and Classicistic styles passed to a new quality grasped and transformed by folk settings.
- Price: 4.50 €
Vliv selského baroka soběslavsko-veselských Blat na sousední národopisný region Kozácko
Vliv selského baroka soběslavsko-veselských Blat na sousední národopisný region Kozácko
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- Author(s):Zuzana Čermáková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture
- Page Range:171-173
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Blata; Kozácko; rustic Baroque; stucco work; gable;
- Summary/Abstract:The influence of stucco works at farmhouse gables from the region of soběslavsko-veselská Blata becomes seldom evident in the neighbouring region of Kozácko yet some traces can be found even in this poorer area. The Kozácko side, however, is much more austere as to this decoration. We can encounter just rarely a large frontage with gate and granary. Here predominate gable-oriented smaller dwellings with a hovel or small barn in the rear part, perpendicularly situated to the house. The gables are usually smooth, without decoration. Yet stucco work penetrated onto some of these smallholdings, as we can see in the villages of Planá nad Lužnicí, Malšice, Bečice, Košice etc. From predominating decorative elements, let us mention toothed circles with hearts, motifs with cross, sun, or flower pot and tassel. The gable surface is divided by pilasters and the gable is often bordered with arc-shaped or tassel-shaped ornaments. The drawing and photographic documentation in archives will enrich the next research.
- Price: 4.50 €
Slohové ohlasy v architektuře hanáckých statků v 2. polovině 19. století
Slohové ohlasy v architektuře hanáckých statků v 2. polovině 19. století
(Stylistic echoes in the architecture of Haná estates in the second half of the 19th century)
- Author(s):Jiří Kaláb
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Local History / Microhistory, 19th Century
- Page Range:174-179
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Haná; Uhřičice; folk architecture; facades; arcade rain porch; courtyard;
- Summary/Abstract:The application of “high architecture” in folk architecture in the ethnographic area of Haná is not so known and remarkable as it is in the more famous and popular Southern-Bohemian version. Yet a plenty of high-decorative elements have survived so far. We can identify echoes of the styles in three forms. The first one includes the application of eclectic styles on the facades of habitable parts in the farmsteads – this concerns especially the Neo-Baroque or Classicistic set of architectural elements. The second form includes the arcade rain porch – a phenomenon in Central Haná that not only applies elements from castle courtyards in rural environment but also solves the static problem of roof framing extension over the doorstep. The third form features exposed burnt bricks on street-facing bare façades.
- Price: 4.50 €
Slohové ohlasy ve fotodokumentaci venkovského stavitelství Bohumila Vavrouška
Slohové ohlasy ve fotodokumentaci venkovského stavitelství Bohumila Vavrouška
(Stylistic echoes in the photo documentation of rural architecture by Bohumil Vavroušek)
- Author(s):Roman Tykal
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Architecture, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
- Page Range:180-184
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:photo documentation; folk architecture; Bohemia; Moravia; Silesia; the first third of the 20th century;
- Summary/Abstract:Photographic documentation by Bohumil Vavroušek (1875–1939) from the first third of the 20th century includes a considerable amount of pictures with masonry buildings from villages and small towns in the then Czechoslovak Republic. The photographs mostly capture buildings from the late-18th century to the 1870s, influenced mainly by the late Baroque masonry architecture that was transformed into so-called “rustic Baroque” later, in particular in Southern Bohemia. In the photos, there are also buildings with Empire and Classicism elements and even some buildings from the late 19th and early-20th centuries.
- Price: 4.50 €
Metodický přístup ke studiu dřevěných kostelů a jejich mezinárodní souvislosti na severovýchodní Moravě a Těšínském Slezsku
Metodický přístup ke studiu dřevěných kostelů a jejich mezinárodní souvislosti na severovýchodní Moravě a Těšínském Slezsku
(A methodical approach to the study of wooden churches and their international connections in northeastern Moravia and Těšín Silesia)
- Author(s):Jiří Langer
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Cultural history, Architecture, History of Church(es), Regional Geography, 17th Century
- Page Range:187-195
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:wood structures; genetic sources of sanctuary architecture; cathedral; liturgical demands; Eastern Christian and Western Christian relationships;
- Summary/Abstract:The hitherto interpretation of wooden churches followed the art-historical and aesthetical approaches as a marginal theme within the interest in the style masonry architecture in Southern-European and Western-European regions. Central and Northern Europe, accentuating the protection against demons and enemy troops, featured other functioning genetic roots. To get familiar with wooden churches, one has to analyze the function of their investor, ideologist, and architect in the framework of historical relations of European cultural regions. The study mentions several examples depicting the genesis of the wooden cathedral form with cross-shaped ground plan in the 17th century and the occurrence thereof in Europe, as well as other ideological neologisms, even if disadvantageous as to their function, in the architecture of wooden churches.
- Price: 4.50 €
Ortodoxní kostel svaté Paraskevy v Blansku
Ortodoxní kostel svaté Paraskevy v Blansku
(Orthodox Church of St. Paraskevi in Blansko)
- Author(s):Roman Malach
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, History of Church(es), 17th Century, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:196-204
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Church of St. Paraskevi; transfer of buildings; Carpathian sacral buildings; Carpathian Ruthenia; Blansko;
- Summary/Abstract:The article pays attention to the circumstances connected with transfer of the small wooden church of St Paraskevi and its building development. Originally, this church of Marmaros type used to stand in the village of Nižné Seliště in today’s Ukraine. It was built in the mid- 17th century. In the 1930s, it was transferred to the town of Blansko in the South-Moravian Region. The church was ceremonially consecrated on 23 May 1937. As compared to its original location, remodelling made in the new place influenced the appearance of the church. Significant constructional changes were made especially after the Allied bombing of Blansko in May 1945 when the church was significantly damaged. The building is administrated by the Czechoslovak Hussite Church and despite many interventions, it has kept its historical character. The church is one of the most important cultural monuments in the region.
- Price: 4.50 €
Obnova dreveného kostela sv. Juraja v Trnovom
Obnova dreveného kostela sv. Juraja v Trnovom
(Restoration of the wooden church of St. George in Trnovo)
- Author(s):Miloš Dudáš
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, History of Church(es), 17th Century
- Page Range:205-218
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:wooden church; St. George; serious disrepair; restoration; renovation; cribbed construction; painted ceiling;
- Summary/Abstract:Church of St. George in Trnovo near the town of Žilina belongs to the group of Slovakian oldest wooden churches built at the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times. We do not know the exact year of construction of this simple building with a rectangular cribbed nave, a sanctuary, and a tower with pillar-and-beam construction, annexed later on. As to the tree-ring dating, the church was built in about 1615. When the believers built a new masonry church nearby in 1995, the old wooden one remained unused and without corresponding care. Its constructional and technical condition became significantly worse and the church was in the danger of ruining. After a long-time preparation and with ample governmental support, restoration of the church, unique and extraordinary as to its extent, was running from 2010 until 2012. The complex restoration was to preserve as many original elements and details as possible. The church was thoroughly surveyed, marked, and dismantled. After that, it was transferred to Eastern Slovakia and there it was restored by experienced master carpenters and other artisans. They cleaned and conserved the original wooden elements in particular, supplementing the missing or damaged ones with prostheses and fillings.
- Price: 4.50 €
Výtvarné hodnoty a ideogram na kovaných krížoch na sakrálnych objektoch v okolí Bardejova
Výtvarné hodnoty a ideogram na kovaných krížoch na sakrálnych objektoch v okolí Bardejova
(Artistic values and ideogram on forged crosses on sacral objects in the vicinity of Bardejov)
- Author(s):Martin Mešša
- Language:Slovak
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Cultural history, Architecture, Local History / Microhistory, 17th Century, 18th Century, 19th Century, History of Religion
- Page Range:219-232
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:cross; blacksmith’s works; Christian signs; Christian symbolic; Bardejov; sacral architecture;
- Summary/Abstract:In north-east Slovakia, complex as well as simply-forged crosses have survived at sacral buildings and in museum collections. Craftsmanship and artistic sense of the blacksmiths in the 17th to 19th century made from forged crosses, placed on churches, bell towers and chapels an interesting picture of folk plastic art, which however was conditioned by theological teaching, regulated, and controlled by church dignitaries. The basic types of crosses are enriched by a lot of other symbols and signs crafted as one unit. Some forged crosses can be found at their original place and in their original function even today, some others are not complete, or crosses of the basic shape replaced them later, because the signs and symbols gradually lost their importance in human mind or because the Christian learning and its interpretation changed. The basic types of crosses, the signs used and the symbolism of the crosses and combinations thereof say something about the time of their origin. The applied signs created an ideogram, but mostly more ideograms connected into one unit. Every forged cross not only is a set of signs or ideograms, but – to a certain extent – also an artistic element making the whole building complete.
- Price: 4.50 €
Dřevěné zvoničky na západní Moravě a jejich stavební vývoj
Dřevěné zvoničky na západní Moravě a jejich stavební vývoj
(Wooden bell towers in western Moravia and their construction development)
- Author(s):Miroslav Válka
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Regional Geography, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
- Page Range:233-239
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Wooden small bell towers; bell towers; Western Moravia;
- Summary/Abstract:As to sacral building, ethnography (ethnology) devoted itself especially to timbered churches and small sacral buildings that were an integral part of rural countryside and country seats since the 18th century. In the Czech professional literature, devoted to the above issue, a terminology problem appears which is connected with confusing the terms “zvonice – bell tower” and “zvonička – small bell tower”. Independent tower-like buildings to hold bells, which have been a part of church areas from the Middle Ages, should by called “zvonice- bell tower”, but small structures and constructions in villages, built especially in connection with the so-called “Fire Patent” of Maria Theresa (1751), should be called “zvonička – small bell tower”. Because of the importance and occurrence, many researchers devoted themselves to the above cultural phenomenon in the Czech lands. In our contribution, we deal with small bell towers in Western Moravia based on field researches made about 2005.
- Price: 4.50 €
Dřevěné zvonice a zvoničky na východě Moravy
Dřevěné zvonice a zvoničky na východě Moravy
(Wooden bell towers in eastern Moravia)
- Author(s):Věra Kovářů
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Regional Geography
- Page Range:240-242
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Bell tower; prism; half-conical roof; small bell; timbered construction; shingle; tragic event; fire; prayer; ringing by hand; maintenance; restoration of monument; community ownership;
- Summary/Abstract:In the East of Moravia, we encounter wooden bell towers and small bell towers. The objectives of their origin are both religious and utilitarian, that means that the bell hung in the belfry informed the local inhabitants about the times during the day, intended for prayer, as well as about unforeseeable and tragic events, deaths, fire. The most bell towers are of timbered construction made by local carpenters, and a shingled roof. It is the local authority that takes care of the condition and maintenance of the bell towers as well as of their surroundings, verdure, and flowers.
- Price: 4.50 €
Příběhy dřevěných sakrálních památek na Podluží
Příběhy dřevěných sakrálních památek na Podluží
(Stories of wooden sacred monuments in Podluží)
- Author(s):Jitka Matuszková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Architecture, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:243-251
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Podluží; Dolní Bojanovice; František Vymyslický; picture; wooden-carved cross;
- Summary/Abstract:The author describes some wooden sacral buildings in the ethnographic area of Podluží – popular wooden pillars with a picture of a saint, and explains the history thereof. The focus of the work is on cultural connotation of three wooden-carved crosses by František Vymyslický from the village of Dolní Bojanovice.
- Price: 4.50 €
Dřevěné a polodřevěné drobné sakrální objekty ve fotosbírkách Etnologického ústavu Akademie věd v Praze
Dřevěné a polodřevěné drobné sakrální objekty ve fotosbírkách Etnologického ústavu Akademie věd v Praze
(Wooden and half-wooden small sacred objects in the photo collections of the Ethnological Institute of the Academy of Sciences in Prague)
- Author(s):Dana Motyčková, Kateřina Sedlická
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Photography, Architecture, Source Material
- Page Range:252-259
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:photo-documentation; sacral buildings; folk culture; ethnographic society;
- Summary/Abstract:Wooden and half-wooden sacral buildings, including small sacral constructions, can be found in more funds in the photo-archives at the Institute of Ethnology AS CR, v.v.i. The focus of the contribution is on the funds titled Listing Research of the Czechoslovak Ethnographic Society, which is a result of a large field research made by the Ethnographic Society between 1952 and 1962 under the organization of Karel Chotek and Vilém Pražák. Originally, the research was aimed at the study of the Czech folk culture as a whole; later on, for the time and financial reasons, it focused mainly on the documentation of folk architecture, especially that in the borderlands or regions endangered by mining, hydraulic structures etc.
- Price: 4.50 €
Seznam zkratek
Seznam zkratek
(Abbreviations)
- Author(s):Not Specified Author
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):General Reference Works
- Page Range:260-260
- No. of Pages:1
Seznam autorů
Seznam autorů
(Contributors)
- Author(s):Not Specified Author
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):General Reference Works
- Page Range:261-263
- No. of Pages:3
