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Societas Classica. Cultures and Religions of the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the East. Volume 9 Cover Image

Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока. Том 9
Societas Classica. Cultures and Religions of the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the East. Volume 9

Contributor(s): Ivanka Doncheva (Editor)
Subject(s): Christian Theology and Religion, History, Anthropology, Philosophy, Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Archaeology, Literary Texts, Education, Cultural history, Foreign languages learning, Customs / Folklore, Poetry, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Studies of Literature, Philosophical Traditions, Non-European Philosophy, Special Branches of Philosophy, Local History / Microhistory, Military history, Ancient World, Middle Ages, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, Islam studies, Comparative Studies of Religion, Lexis, Semantics, Language acquisition, Descriptive linguistics, Other Language Literature, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Analytic Philosophy, East Asian Philosophy, Middle-East Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Religion, School education, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, 17th Century, Biblical studies, Eastern Orthodoxy, Other Christian Denominations, History of Islam, Translation Studies, Theory of Literature, Drama, Phraseology, Qur’anic studies
Published by: Великотърновски университет „Св. св. Кирил и Методий”
Keywords: history; archaeology; language and literature studies; translation studies; culture and social structure; Christian theology and religion; Islam studies
Summary/Abstract: 𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages ​​and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.

Series: Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-619-208-128-7
  • Page Count: 520
  • Publication Year: 2017
  • Language: English, Bulgarian, Russian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
Кухнята на Аристофановата комедия „Птиците“: еротика и политика

Кухнята на Аристофановата комедия „Птиците“: еротика и политика
(The Kitchen of Aristophanes’ Comedy “Birds”: Erotica and Politica)

  • Author(s):Vanya Lozanova-Stancheva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
  • Subject(s):History, Literary Texts, Ancient World, Drama
  • Page Range:7-21
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Aristophanes; comedy The Birds; culinary code; “the lifestyle/ the diet of birds”; the alelofagiya motive
  • Summary/Abstract:The article analyzes Aristophanes’ comedy The Birds performed in 414 BC at the City Dionysia and not long after the commencement of the Sicilian Expedition. The play is built largely on the specific culinary code defining the political and cultural „otherness” through „the birds’ life”. Information of this type can be organized into three main groups: – Motifs that characterize „the lifestyle/the diet of birds” scattered throughout the text of the comedy; – To this group gravitates the motive for the creation of the world as culinary confusion in so-called „Ornitogoniya” (vv. 693–702) in the first parabaza. – The alelofagiya’s motive, the motive of killing/eating conspecific, culminating in the episode with the penalty of rebelling against democracy birds (1579–1590; 1637; 1689), baked for the wedding of Pisthetaerus with Basileya.
Творческа рецепция на античната традиция в „DE CULTURA HORTORUM“ на Валафрид Страбон

Творческа рецепция на античната традиция в „DE CULTURA HORTORUM“ на Валафрид Страбон
(The Creative Reception of the Ancient Tradition in Walahfried Strabo’s “De Cultura Hortorum”)

  • Author(s):Kalina Boseva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Poetry, Studies of Literature, Ancient World, Other Language Literature
  • Page Range:22-36
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Summary/Abstract:Walahfrid Strabo was a celebrated poet and theologian of the 9th century. He lived and studied mainly in Reichenau, a monastery in modern Germany, where he was monk and at some point abbot. His education covered the Scripture, the writings of the Holy Fathers, as well as Latin, Greek, geography, poetry and the liberal arts. Walahfrid’s many works, written in Latin, consist of theological treatises in prose and many poems on different subjects. Among them is a poem on gardening and the medicinal uses of the plants titled „De cultura hortorum” – „On the cultivation of gardens”. The poem has many scientific and poetical sources: Pliny the Elder, Collumela, Dioscorides, Celsus, Serenus Sammonicus, Pliny Valerianus, Apuleus Platonicus, Isidore of Seville, Virgil, Horace, Lucretius Carus. Strabo used his sources creatively, with a view to do more than just another compilation. He used the words and phrases he found as building blocks in order to come up with a new, contemporary concept for both aesthetics and utility. He is believed to have served as a monastery gardener himself, so likely fused his ideas and practical experience with the received literary tradition of his time. He thus created a unique snapshot of a real life cloister garden – his own garden – both authentic and ideal.
Самоутешение ли е „Утешение към Плибий“ от Сенека? Коментар върху жанровата принадлежност на текста

Самоутешение ли е „Утешение към Плибий“ от Сенека? Коментар върху жанровата принадлежност на текста
(Is Seneca’s “Consolation to Polybius” Just a Consolation? Comments on the Genre Classification of the Text)

  • Author(s):Aleksandra Dimitrova
  • Language:Bulgarian, German
  • Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Ancient World, Other Language Literature, Theory of Literature
  • Page Range:37-58
  • No. of Pages:22
Латински фразеологизми с ономастичен компонент в лингво-културологичен аспект

Латински фразеологизми с ономастичен компонент в лингво-културологичен аспект
(Latin Idioms with an Onomastic Component in a Linguo-Culturological Context)

  • Author(s):Pepa Lungarova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Semantics, Descriptive linguistics, Phraseology
  • Page Range:59-75
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:phraseological unit; onomastic component; anthroponyms; toponyms; antonomasia; concept; cultural-linguistic aspect
  • Summary/Abstract:The present paper explores the phraseological meaning and linguistic-cultural aspects of the latin phraseological units, so called “”flying thoughts”, containing onomastic component. The material was selected from “Dictionary of the Latin flying thoughts” (1982), edited by N. Babichev and J. Borovskij. The attention is paid to the semantic of phraseologisms, to different approaches of their synchronic and diachronic description, and to cultural specificity. Reflecting the nature of the Roman conception of the world and the human relationships phraseological units proceed from the subjective human experience. Proper names are linguistic items fulfilling a referential function. The proper names in phraseological units are of great importance in communication where they are signs of cultural, linguistic, geographical, ethnic and social identity.
Литература и богословие в „COMMONITORIUM“ на Св. Винценций Лерински

Литература и богословие в „COMMONITORIUM“ на Св. Винценций Лерински
(Literature and Theology in “Commonitorium” of St. Vincent of Lerins)

  • Author(s):Rosen Milanov
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Ancient World, Theology and Religion, Other Language Literature, Biblical studies
  • Page Range:76-91
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Summary/Abstract:One of the saints of the Lérins islands (modern day France) is St. Vincent of Lérins († after 434). He is the author of the very significant work Commonitorium (in two books). Commonitorium is esteemed from Antiquity till today in the West as well as in the East. The reason for this is its theological value and the important thoughts therein concerning authority in the Church and the principles of development of the Christian doctrine. However, Commonitorium possesses other qualities as well – literary and especially spiritual. The language of Vincent of Lérins is not artificial; at the same time, there are many beautiful similes and antitheses in his essay. Furthermore, the subject-matter of Commonitorium is topical even now and it has special meaning for the life of each Christian today. Commonitorium is a testament to the possibility that the Christian church can express its truths in an exceptionally fascinating way.
Старогръцки и новогръцки или просто гръцки език

Старогръцки и новогръцки или просто гръцки език
(Ancient Greek and Modern Greek, or Just Greek)

  • Author(s):Elena Blagoeva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Language acquisition, Historical Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics
  • Page Range:95-108
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:language tradition; language-specific features; language question; diglossia; Ancient Greek; Modern Greek
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the Greek language question as well as the specific historic development of the Greek language. Special attention is paid to diglossia and the problems it brings about. The study highlights the points of view of the proponents of Dimotiki and Katharevousa, their contribution to the development of the language question and the theory of the unity of the Greek language. Last but not least, the paper also raises the issue of the arguments concerning the name of the Greek language (Dimotiki or Modern Greek) and its teaching.
Единствена родина е музиката: песните ребетика в гръцката музикална традиция

Единствена родина е музиката: песните ребетика в гръцката музикална традиция
(Music is the Only Motherland: The Rebetika Songs in the Greek Musical Tradition)

  • Author(s):Zdravka Mihaylova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Music
  • Page Range:109-118
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:rebetiko; underground; revivals; refugees; musicology; Smyrna
  • Summary/Abstract:Rebetiko music lies at the intersection of East and West. The “Greek Blues”, as it is often referred to, emerged from the hash dens and prison cells of Greece around the beginning of the 20th century. Through the life story (as presented in the documentary My Sweet Canary directed by Israeli film director Roy Sher) of notable rebetiko singer Roza Eskenazi, a vanished world is evoked and its influences today followed. „Roza Eshkenazi, the most famous singer of 1930s Greece, the Diva of Rebetiko, with her posters displayed in every gramophone store, with her bohemian looks would drive even the toughest men crazy”, asserts Thessaloniki writer Dinos Christianopoulos in his short story ‘Roza’. Roza Eskenazi sang and lived with passion, fire and love. The origins of rebetiko – a musical style emerging in urban surroundings typical for commercially developed port cities (and distantly related to Buenos Aires milongas and ‘blatnye’ songs of the Odessa underworld), is inextricably related to the cultural and economic progress of Smyrna during the mid-to late 19th century. Rebetiko music as it evolved in this cosmopolitan city received both western and Oriental influences: Italianate mandolin ensembles and violin solos, as well as indigenous instrumentation (santouri, oud) characteristic of the Levant. In the wake of traumatic 1914–1922 events culminating in the Asia Minor Catastrophe, these songs were brought by Greek Orthodox refugees to almost all the major urban areas of metropolitan Greece, especially Athens, Piraeus and Thessaloniki, and also flourished amongst the remaining Greeks of Constantinople. Rebetiko music also accompanied Greek emigrants overseas, particularly to America, leaving a valuable legacy of unique archival recordings from the 1920s and 1930s. The paper will trace the history of rebetiko studies by ethnomusicologists, such as the Greek intellectual Ilias Petropoulos, and the Australian researcher Gail Holst who spent years in Greece amongst rebetiko musicians playing with them. Light will be shed upon the main music instruments used in rebetiko ensembles, places where this music was performed, the social impact of the rebetic way of life and the reaction of mainstream society (especially the 1930s Metaxas dictatorship and the military junta 1967–1974) to these musicians’ nonconformist and often underground lifestyle. Roza Eshkenazi’s biography, starting from her Sephardic Jewish origins in Istanbul and Thessaloniki and debut in Athens – where she attained fame by the late 1920s, becoming the most recorded rebetiko performer, with more than 500 sides sung in Greek, Turkish and Ladino – up to the tragic end of her life, will illustrate the history of a music genre still alive and popular in Greece, while gaining ever more admirers in Turkey, Israel, Australia, Germany, the USA, Sweden and elsewhere.
Елинското училище в Търново и православният клир през първата половина на XIX век

Елинското училище в Търново и православният клир през първата половина на XIX век
(The Hellenic School in Turnovo and the Orthodox Clergy in the First Half of the 19th c.)

  • Author(s):Vladimir Vladov
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Social Sciences, Education, Local History / Microhistory, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, School education, 19th Century, Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Page Range:119-126
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Summary/Abstract:The present study deals with an important point in the history of the educational activities in the old capital city of Turnovo, namely the opening of a Hellenic school in 1821. The analysis of the data of its chronicle reveals the significant role of the Orthodox clergy, headed by the bishop of Turnovo, in relation to the establishment, organization and maintenance of the school. By the middle of the 19th c. it was not only the most authoritative centre of education in the city but it also had a leading role in the public and economic life of the Bulgarians.
Словообразувателни модели при калкиране на новогръцката лингвистична терминология

Словообразувателни модели при калкиране на новогръцката лингвистична терминология
(Word-Formation Models in Calquing Modern Greek Linguistic Terminology)

  • Author(s):Boris Vunchev, Irina Strikova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Morphology, Lexis, Semantics
  • Page Range:127-142
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to summarize the basic processes of word formation of Modern Greek linguistic terminology in the calquing of English linguistics terms into Modern Greek. The paper analyses processes of word formation such as suffixation, prefixation and neoclassical compounding.
Съпоставителен анализ на фразеологизми с неизменяемо местоимение и глагол в новогръцкия и българския език

Съпоставителен анализ на фразеологизми с неизменяемо местоимение и глагол в новогръцкия и българския език
(Comparative Analysis of Phraseologisms with an Unalterable Pronoun and Verb in Greek and in Bulgarian)

  • Author(s):Rumen Rikevski
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Phraseology
  • Page Range:143-150
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:phraseologisms; pronoun
  • Summary/Abstract:This report makes a brief comparison of phraseologisms with unalterable pronoun and verb in Greek and Bulgarian. Pronouns don’t have declinable paradigm, don’t operate on grammatical and lexical level, they are simply a formal marker. Among them the two component’s Greek phraseologisms are the most difficult to locate and interpret because the phrases are very short, must function as free collocations, and in many cases are with opaque motivation.
Семантичен модел богатство-бедност на концепта "хляб" в български, руски и гръцки език

Семантичен модел богатство-бедност на концепта "хляб" в български, руски и гръцки език
(The Wealth-Poverty Semantic Model of the Bread Concept in Bulgarian, Russian, and Greek)

  • Author(s):Emilia Avginova-Nikolova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Russian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Semantics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Phraseology
  • Page Range:151-162
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:phraseological unit; semantic aspect; culture; linguistic consciousness
  • Summary/Abstract:As designated as signs for second nomination, through its internal form the phraseological units are characterized with their feature to carry more enlarged knowledge and help to make more explicit the peculiarities of its world perception in comparison to the signs of first nomination. The present paper is an attempt the semantic aspect of the phraseological units of the semantic field of the concept „bread” to be analyzed and in particular the phraseological units of the model „wealth-poverty”, which belongs to the same semantic field. It is emphasized the central position of the bread in the linguistic consciousness of Bulgarians, Russians and Greeks, as well as its fundamental role in the culture of these three nations.
Наблюдения върху предаването на безеквивалентна лексика в художествения превод от български език на гръцки език и обратно

Наблюдения върху предаването на безеквивалентна лексика в художествения превод от български език на гръцки език и обратно
(Observations on Rendering Nonequivalence Vocabulary in Fiction From Bulgarian Into Greek and Vice Versa)

  • Author(s):Velichka Simonova-Grozdeva
  • Language:Bulgarian, German, Greek, Modern (1453-)
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Lexis, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:163-184
  • No. of Pages:22
Лексико-семантични особености на гръцките думи в родопските говори

Лексико-семантични особености на гръцките думи в родопските говори
(Lexico-Semantic Peculiarities of Greek Words in Rhodope Vernaculars)

  • Author(s):Tsvetana Mandzhukova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:185-193
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Bulgarian language; Rhodopi dialects; Greek language; Greek loanwords; lexico-semantic peculiarities
  • Summary/Abstract:Greek loanwords in Bulgarian constitute a significant share of the total number of foreign words in it. In some Bulgarian dialects the number of Greek words, in comparison with other foreign lexemes, is larger owing to the proximity of these vernaculars to those of Greek, and also due to the historical and cultural processes transpiring in Bulgarian lands in the past. In a considerable number of Greek words that have entered the Rhodopi vernaculars semantic changes have occurred. There also are loan words that have preserved the central meaning they have in the source language. Depending on the semantic characteristics of Greek loan words in the Rhodopi vernaculars, three main groups can be differentiated: a) words where no change in meaning has occurred, b) words that have acquired new meaning, and c) new words that are derivatives of lexemes from the former two groups. The study also traces penetration routes of Greek words in the Rhodopi vernaculars. The frequency of use of loan words is analysed in a diachronic aspect.
За култовата сцена в Нововавилонската глиптика през VII–V в. пр. Хр. (част II)

За култовата сцена в Нововавилонската глиптика през VII–V в. пр. Хр. (част II)
(On the Cult Scenes in the New Babylonian Glyptics, 7th–5th Century BC (Part 2))

  • Author(s):Kabalan Moukarzel
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
  • Page Range:197-221
  • No. of Pages:25
  • Keywords:stamp-seal; cultic scene; Neo-Babylonian; style; worshipper; symbol; type
  • Summary/Abstract:The present research is dedicated to the stamp-seals and their im-pressions with the Neo-Babylonian Cultic scene. The research is ba-sed mainly on published monuments in the collections of Le Louvre (Paris) and Vorderasiatischen Museum (Berlin), added with some artifacts from other museums. A classification of the motive on the monuments is proposed. It is based on the styles used in the art of Mesopotamian glyptics during the First Millennium BCE. Three types of scene’s depiction are de-fined, and the peculiarities of their figural elements are examined. Based on new publications, some additional observations on the chronology of the scene in the period under study are made.
Елементи на източно влияние по тимпан от остров Крит

Елементи на източно влияние по тимпан от остров Крит
(Elements of Eastern Influence on a Timpani of the Island of Crete)

  • Author(s):Zozan Tarhan
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Local History / Microhistory, Ancient World
  • Page Range:224-235
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this article is to prove the existence of an eastern influence on a Greek monument dating back to the 8th – 7th centuries BC – timpani of the island of Crete. The analysis is based on specific elements in the scene of the artifact, which are considered separately and compared to other monuments of Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Levant.
Подстъпи към безпределното: граничната ситуация и "дао"-то на език

Подстъпи към безпределното: граничната ситуация и "дао"-то на език
(Approaching the Infinite: The Boundary Situation and the “Dao” of Language)

  • Author(s):Desislava Damyanova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Philosophy, Non-European Philosophy, East Asian Philosophy
  • Page Range:236-250
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Summary/Abstract:The hermeneutic approach to the philosophical background of ancient Chinese thought reveals an aspiration to combine the traditional values of the East with the achievements of existential analytics. Daoist cultural heritage attracts Europeans not only with its mirror otherness but mainly with the harmonic relationship of man and nature, as oneness with the Way (道 – Dao). Many authors, including poets, writers, philosophers, cultural anthropologists, scientists, etc. have adopted the fundamental difference between the East and the West as a way of dichotomous thinking based on ontological and epistemological distinctions. Such presuppositions have become the starting point for elaborate theories, comparative studies and political science developments relating to the ‘far-eastern spirit’, peoples, traditions and destinies. We ask ourselves whether to construct an overview concerning the early Daoist parables and sayings as an imaginary whole is justified and to what extent. Despising technocratic rationality and the artificiality of modern technological culture, Daoism and the cultural orientations broadly associated with it, provide an ideal source of alternative creativity. It discloses the impermanence of the hidden meaning in life and the assumption that the universe or some fundamental issues in society could not necessarily be manifested in philosophical theories, but can be embodied in the performance of poetry, allegory, image thinking. It carries out a kind of philosophical criticism – the idea that with the transition from the epistemological to the ontological implication, the so called ‘common sense’ may exist in other branches of knowledge and modes of speech. Daoists focus on nonstandard, non-competitive mind, challenging the legitimacy of their own conceptual schemes. Dao-language implies the unconditional, irreducible presence of the Way which precedes all the artificially fixed meanings. The so called ‘image thinking’ encompasses the Boundless and is opposed to the distortion of any natural discourses. As a kind of incarnation of the Great Ultimate, the speech is born in the empty mind just as the sound occurs in silence, so ‘forgetting the words’ (Zhuangzi) is a precondition of any cognition.
Виното в Китай и в поезията на Ли Бай

Виното в Китай и в поезията на Ли Бай
(Wine in China and in the Poetry of Li Bai)

  • Author(s):Iskra Mandova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Cultural history, Poetry, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:251-257
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Summary/Abstract:Wine in China has a long history which can be traced back to about 4000 BC to the period of the Neolithic Yangshao culture. In 1979 archaeologists excavated a grave of the Dawenkou culture in Shandong Province where they found a set of about 100 wine making vessels from 5000 years ago, including vessels for wine boiling, fermentation, storing and drinking. After issuing of the first anti-wine regulation in the Chinese history from the first ruler of the Western Zhou (1046–771), from the period of the Han dynasty wine industry registered a boom. Under the Sui and the Tang dynasties, wine making continued to develop, private production was no longer limited and ordinary people could make and sell wine freely.
Knowledge and Power in a Chinese Post(Semi)Colonial Context

Knowledge and Power in a Chinese Post(Semi)Colonial Context
(Knowledge and Power in a Chinese Post(Semi)Colonial Context)

  • Author(s):Pavel Petkov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Philosophy, Philosophical Traditions, Analytic Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
  • Page Range:258-267
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Summary/Abstract:An important part of postcolonial critical discourse – which originated in the work of Michel Foucault and which I find rather useful for analyzing the images of China produced by twentieth-century travel writers – is the complex relationship between knowledge and power. Foucault himself declares that one of the main goals of his archaeological endeavors is “to rediscover on what basis knowledge and theory became possible” (Foucault 1973, xxiii) and develops the argument that power and knowledge are invariably and inseparably connected in a way that is by no means innocent. To Foucault, knowledge always bestows to its bearer a certain kind of power over the entity that is being ‘known’ or over the very discourse that produces ‘truths’ about this entity. “[P]ower and knowledge directly imply one another. There is no power relation without the correlative constitution of a field of knowledge, nor any knowledge that does not presuppose and constitute at the same time power relations” (Foucault 1973: 27). The two notions clearly depend on each other: they seem to be indispensable parts of the same discursive paradigm. Said states that “[k]nowledge gives power, more power requires more knowledge, and so on in an increasingly profitable dialectic of information and control” (Said 1978: 36).
Фразеологичните единици, включващи в своя състав соматизма "глава" в българския и в японския език

Фразеологичните единици, включващи в своя състав соматизма "глава" в българския и в японския език
(Phraseological Units Which Include the “Head” Somatism in Bulgarian and in Japanese)

  • Author(s):Katya Marinova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Phraseology
  • Page Range:268-276
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:phraseological units; somatisms; interlinguistic equivalence; phraseological equivalents
  • Summary/Abstract:Depending on the degree of interlinguistic equivalence, the phraseological units with Bulgarian somatism head and Japanese somatism 頭 (atama, kashira; zu, tou) can be divided into: complete (absolute) phraseological equivalents, incomplete (partitive) phraseological equivalents, relative phraseological equivalents, phraseological analogs and formal phraseological equivalents. In view of the fact that the Bulgarian and Japanese languages belong to different language families, complete (absolute) phraseological equivalents can be found very rarely, but we can detect a lot of partitive and relative phraseological equivalents, as well as many formal phraseological equivalents. Since Bulgarian phraseological units with head exceed Japanese phraseological units in number, we detect more phraseological analogues in Bulgarian phraseological units.
Симбиоза на древните култури в Леванта

Симбиоза на древните култури в Леванта
(Symbiosis of the Ancient Cultures of the Levant)

  • Author(s):Diana Petkova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Cultural history, Ancient World
  • Page Range:277-289
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Summary/Abstract:Millenniums before Christ from cults through goddesses to the most systematized archive for cuneiform writing, documents classified and put in order like a contemporary library. Respect and protection of knowledge. Combining the riches of ancient nations. What do the elderly Christians teach us from “the cradle of civilization”. Among our customs there are traditions we need to retain. When we come to know each other’s cultures we get closer. To understand the temper, customs, to respect religion, to come to know the people. Human love is respect for each other and tolerance for other people. Otherwise you become like a flower without its roots, the inlay can’t be assembled, each piece has its own place, role and meaning and the absence of even one of them ruins the harmony. In the world we hear about the Arabic expansion while erudite and the people of Levant (Baled Sham) emphatically declare that there is Arabian invasion. When the Arabians came they did not have any knowledge or culture, but they had respect and dignity. While meeting a nation with an ancient culture, language, traditions and knowledge, Arabians are interested in the knowledge, ability and cultural treasure so they treat them with respect. It is written so in the books and they bring so their children up. Aramaic translations preserve and pass on achievements from the ancient Greek erudite. Umayyad and Abbasid ages are a trampoline in the development of science, as the knowledge is spread by paper.
Суфизмът като инструмент за противодействие на радикалния ислям

Суфизмът като инструмент за противодействие на радикалния ислям
(Sufism as аn Instrument to Counter Radical Islam)

  • Author(s):Vesela Todorova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Philosophy, Non-European Philosophy, Theology and Religion, Islam studies, Middle-East Philosophy, History of Islam, Qur’anic studies
  • Page Range:290-298
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:radical islam; sufism; shari‘a; radicalization; jihad; Quran
  • Summary/Abstract:The influence of radical islam is spreading not only in the Middle East but also around the rest of the world. With the surge of the terrorist attacks in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and USA, commited in the name of radical organizations such as Islamic State and Al Qaeda, there is an urgent need of finding a solution to counter radicalization among the muslim population and converts around the world. In this paper the roots of the modern doctrine of the radical islam are explained as well as the reason why sufism can be used as an instrument to fight the radicalization in islam.
Съпоставка на някои митове за сътворението

Съпоставка на някои митове за сътворението
(Comparison of Some Myths Considering the Creation)

  • Author(s):Reni Stoyanova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Philosophy, Non-European Philosophy, Special Branches of Philosophy, Theology and Religion, Comparative Studies of Religion, East Asian Philosophy, Indian Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
  • Page Range:299-307
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:mythology; creation; chaos
  • Summary/Abstract:Mythology is the basic feature of every ethnicity.The Creation of the world is an important starting point and is differently represented by every nation. In addition, myths are spread into pieces. Here is a brief comparison of the Chinese, Greek, Japanese Egyptian, Indian and Hittite Anatolia mythology. Each of them has its unique features, but they also have some overlapping points. Generally speaking there are one and the same elements, people or things appearing in the myths mentioned above. For example we can find the conception of the Chaos not only within the Chinese myths but also in the Greek and Indian ones.
Интеркултурна компетентност в обучението по японски език в Япония

Интеркултурна компетентност в обучението по японски език в Япония
(Intercultural Competence in Japanese Language Teaching)

  • Author(s):Magdalena Vasileva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Foreign languages learning, Applied Linguistics, Language acquisition
  • Page Range:308-324
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper sheds light on some contemporary methodologies of teaching Japanese as a second language at Japanese universities from the point of view of intercultural competence. In linguistics the terms intercultural and cross-cultural are often used synonymously, but we make a certain distinction between them. While crosscultural supposes a kind of meeting between different cultures without any special interferences, intercultural evokes an association of a „crash“ between different systems of values while trying to accept the „otherness“ and it also implies a process of retrospection of one’s own system of values. On the other hand, the development and cultivation of intercultural competence is a long and many sided process concerned both: 1) with the foreign language and culture, that are to be mastered and 2) with one’s own language and culture, too. Many of the practices described in the paper stress on two points that are important for the development of intercultural competence: 1) teaching language and culture as a whole and inseparable unit and 2) providing the proper medium for a communication at an individual level.
Харонов обол и „изпуснатите“ монети в ограбени в Древността тракийски гробници

Харонов обол и „изпуснатите“ монети в ограбени в Древността тракийски гробници
(Charon’s Obol and the “Dropped” Coins of the Thracian Tombs Which Were Robbed in Antiquity)

  • Author(s):Miroslav Izdimirski
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
  • Page Range:327-338
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Obol; Charon; funerary practices; mounds; Ancient Thrace
  • Summary/Abstract:In this article I examine the cases of setting of coin/s in funeral context in Ancient Thrace. This practice may be connected with Charon’s obol, but I thing that this practice is not valid for Thrace. These cases are an Hellenistic fashion because of different Thracian religious and posthumous concepts for Other world. There are examples for posthumous practices with coins in mound’s embankments after death of human bean. There are and examples for coin hoards in funerary mounds deposited like hoards because of relief of environment. All this cases are connected with levels of monetary exchange in Ancient Thrace in Hellenistic and Roman times
Сикофантите в Древна Атина – възникване и развитие на термина

Сикофантите в Древна Атина – възникване и развитие на термина
(The Sycophants in Ancient Athens: Origin and Evolution of the Term)

  • Author(s):Stela Moneva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Ancient World, Lexis
  • Page Range:339-345
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:ancient Athens; fig; religion; sycophant; snitching; judiciary
  • Summary/Abstract:In this research work, attention is paid to the unattractive term „sycophant“. The root of the work „fig“ is taken as a starting point in the study. Initially, this noun connected the term with the primitive agricultural cults and the rites of fertilization. The solving of the set out task goes through the tracing of the fate of the words „fig“ and „sycophant“ in ancient literature. On the basis of the studied source data, generally two semantic circles could be outlined: the one – when the word „sycophant“ is used in its religious meaning, and the other – when it bears a „judicial“ meaning. In the 30s of the 5th century BC, the meaning of the word shifted and sycophant already meant an „informant”, a „spy“. Ancient Athens judiciary incorporated this practice and during the next 4th century BC snitching thrived but in the atmosphere of total contempt on the side of the citizens of Athens.
Пердика II и Атина в контекста на Пелопонеската война

Пердика II и Атина в контекста на Пелопонеската война
(Perdika II and Athens in the Context of the Peloponnesian War)

  • Author(s):Zhivko Zhekov
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Local History / Microhistory, Military history, Ancient World
  • Page Range:346-368
  • No. of Pages:23
  • Keywords:Ancient Macedonia; Perdiccas II;' Peloponnesian War; Athens; Halkidiki Peninsula
  • Summary/Abstract:The history of Ancient Macedonia and Athens in antiquity are closely related especially in the period V–IV BC. That their relationship is determined by several major factors including the first should be pointed out the need of the Athenians of wood for the production of military and commercial ships, which they imported mostly from Macedonia. No less important for Athens has a strategic location Macedonia right bank of the Thermaic Gulf, the control of which is of very great importance for the Athenians account their desire to master domination positions in the region of Halkidiki peninsula and along the lower reaches of the river Strimon. Macedonia immediately adjacent to these areas and can therefore be used as a base for their conquest, in case it was an ally of Athens. In their relationship during the Peloponnesian War is of particular interest. First, because of the relatively good condition of the source basis and secondly because in this period the contacts between them are especially intense and well reflected in the preserved ancient narrative tradition. The policy of Perdiccas II to Athens during the Peloponnesian War can be evaluated essentially as successful. Macedonai is facing a superior it in its military, political and economic force capabilities. He tried and largely managed to limit the Athenian influence in the region of Halkidiki. And because he has no powers skilfully using the resources of its allies.
Проституцията в Древен Рим

Проституцията в Древен Рим
(Prostitution in Ancient Rome)

  • Author(s):Ivanka Doncheva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Ancient World
  • Page Range:369-396
  • No. of Pages:28
  • Summary/Abstract:The practice of prostitution in ancient Rome reflected the ambivalent attitudes of Romans toward pleasure and sexuality. Prostitution was legal and licensed. Even Roman men of the highest social status were free to engage prostitutes of either sex without incurring moral disapproval, as long as they demonstrated self-control and moderation in the frequency and enjoyment of sex. At the same time, the prostitutes themselves were considered shameful: most were either slaves or former slaves, or if free by birth relegated to the infames, people utterly lacking in social standing and deprived of most protections accorded to citizens under Roman law, a status they shared with actors and gladiators, all of whom, however, exerted sexual allure. Latin literature makes frequent reference to prostitutes. Historians such as Livy and Tacitus mention prostitutes who had acquired some degree of respectability through patriotic, law-biding, or euergetic behavior. The highclass “call girl” (meretrix) is a stock character in Plautus’s comedies, which were influenced by Greek models. The poems of Catullus, Horace, Ovid, Martial, and Juvenal, as well the Satyricon of Petronius, offer fictional or satiric glimpses of prostitutes. Real-world practices are documented by provisions of Roman law that regulate prostitution, and by inscriptions, especially graffiti from Pompeii. Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum from sites presumed to be brothels has also contributed to scholarly views on prostitution.
За характера на еротичните фрески в крайградските терми на Помпей

За характера на еротичните фрески в крайградските терми на Помпей
(The Nature of Erotic Frescoes in Suburban Baths in Pompeii)

  • Author(s):Ivanka Doncheva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Ancient World
  • Page Range:408-427
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Summary/Abstract:The Suburban Baths in Pompeii were built around the end of the 1st century BC against the city walls north of the Porta Marina. They served as a public bath house to the residents of Pompeii They were originally discovered in 1958 and have since been excavated and restored. Excavation of the Suburban Baths have given historians a glimpse into an aspect of the social and cultural workings of Roman life in Pompeii. The entrance to the Baths is through a long corridor that leads into the dressing room. Excavation of the Baths revealed only one set of dressing rooms and has led to wonder by archaeologists that both men and women shared this facility. This dressing room (known as the apodyterium) is where archaeologists discovered erotic wall paintings in the 1980s. The dressing room then led to the tepidarium (lukewarm room), followed by the calidarium (hot room). The erotic wall paintings in the Suburban Baths are the only set of such art found in a public Roman bath house. Explicit sex scenes (such as group sex and oral sex) are depicted in these paintings that cannot be easily found in collections of erotic Roman art. The paintings are located in the apodyterium and each scene is located above a letterd. These boxes are thought to have functioned as lockers in which bathers put their clothes. It is speculated that the paintings possibly served as way for the bathers to remember the location of their box (in lieu with the numbering). The presence of these paintings in a public bath house shared by men and women gives some insight into Roman culture and suggests that people would not have found this offensive.
Политиката на император Михаил VIII Палеолог (1259–1282 г.) в Средиземноморието

Политиката на император Михаил VIII Палеолог (1259–1282 г.) в Средиземноморието
(Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus (1259–1822)’s Policy in the Mediterranean)

  • Author(s):Momchil Mladenov
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:438-450
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents some aspects of the Byzantine policy in the Mediterranean during the second half of the 13th Century. Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus (1259–1282) wants to restore the Byzantine fleet and for this purpose invested a lot of money. This fleet should become a rival of Venice and Genoa. The efforts of the emperor realized partially. Оnly part of the Greek Islands are exempt from Latin rule. But Byzantine diplomacy managed to restore its influence in Western Mediterranean. The Reign of Michael VIII was the last period when Byzantium again rise as a Mediterranean power.The paper presents some aspects of the Byzantine policy in the Mediterranean during the second half of the 13th Century. Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus (1259–1282) wants to restore the Byzantine fleet and for this purpose invested a lot of money. This fleet should become a rival of Venice and Genoa. The efforts of the emperor realized partially. Оnly part of the Greek Islands are exempt from Latin rule. But Byzantine diplomacy managed to restore its influence in Western Mediterranean. The Reign of Michael VIII was the last period when Byzantium again rose as a Mediterranean power.
От култа към езическите херои към култа към християнските светци в балканските земи - проблеми на историографията

От култа към езическите херои към култа към християнските светци в балканските земи - проблеми на историографията
(From The Cult of The Pagan Heroes To The Cult of The Christian Saints in The Balkan Lands Problems of Historiography)

  • Author(s):Milen Ivanov
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, History of Church(es), Ancient World, Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:451-463
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Summary/Abstract:The present paper deals with the current state of scientific research concerning the religious transformation from the cult of the pagan heroes to the cult of the Christian saints in the Balkan lands south of the Danube. The geographic frame of this study covers the area, which was inhabited in the age of Antiquity by the Thracians. A comparative review has been made of the research works of some western authors like P. Saintyves, H. Delehaye, P. Brown, J. Fredouille and others, who represent various research trends and paradigms. It seems that the more Christian viewpoint the author shares, the more is he inclined to reject the idea of dependency between the cult of the saints and the cult of the heroes; and vice versa – the more emancipated is he from the authority of the church, the more tending is he to affirm the idea of religious continuity. At this background, there is a number of major Bulgarian researchers, as well as foreign researchers, dealing with the Balkan lands, who have been presented in the paper – like I. Gueorguieva, G. Kazarow, Chr. Walter, E. Theodorov, I. Dujčev and some other. They have treated certain aspects of the transition. The study of the traditional popular culture, containing ancient pagan vestiges, is of primary importance in analyzing the subject matter. There are many other authors, who have treated the religious transition, but, in genera, the researchers, presented in this study, seem to form the overall notion concerning the scientific discourse on the problem. Of course, there remain numerous issues, which may be subject of further fruitful research.
Българското участие във францисканските мисии в Югоизточна Европа през XVII в.: Павел от Петокладенци

Българското участие във францисканските мисии в Югоизточна Европа през XVII в.: Павел от Петокладенци
(Participation of Bulgarians in the Franciscan Missions in Southeastern Europe during the 17th Century: Paolo Da Cinquefonti)

  • Author(s):Elmira Vasileva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, 17th Century, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:464-482
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Summary/Abstract:The Bulgarian Catholics’ history should not be studied independently but in connection with the general Roman Church’s Balkan policy in the Ottoman period. The Bulgarian Catholics and their Franciscan priest were in contact with other Catholic groups living under the Ottomans, as well as outside the Empire. They are part of a sort of religious network that goes beyond political and geographical borders. Bulgarian Franciscans participated in Roman Church’s missions in the 17th century, being sometimes appointed to important positions. They are educated in the Catholic colleges in Italy and, being fluent in Italian and Latin, are familiar with the European intellectual trends and political concepts of their time. Actually, they are the main bearers of modern ideas among the Bulgarians.
Посещението на Джордж Уошбърн в Стара Загора през 1875 г., отразено на страниците на списание „Ден“

Посещението на Джордж Уошбърн в Стара Загора през 1875 г., отразено на страниците на списание „Ден“
(George Washburn’s Visit to Stara Zagora in 1875, as Reflected on the Pages of the “Den” (Day) Magazine)

  • Author(s):Vanya Doneva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Local History / Microhistory, Modern Age, 19th Century
  • Page Range:483-492
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:George Washburn; Robert College; Stara Zagora
  • Summary/Abstract:This publication aims to analyze only a brief moment in the life of George Washburn, American Protestant missionary and longtime rector Robert collage in Istanbul, which is intertwined with the history of Stara Zagora, based on information published by reportage of pages of the Bulgarian scientific politically magazine “Den” (1875).
Атанас Т. Илиев за историята на Стара Загора

Атанас Т. Илиев за историята на Стара Загора
(Atanas Iliev and the History of Stara Zagora)

  • Author(s):Vanya Doneva
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Local History / Microhistory
  • Page Range:493-504
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Summary/Abstract:Person and work of Atanas Iliev are subject to various historical research on the development of education and textbook literature in Stara Zagora at the end of the nineteenth century. His contributions as a researcher’s past Stara Zagora and initiated the creation of a local museum remains underrated.. The purpose of this notice is to outline research interests related to the history of his native town on the basis of a series of publications “From the history of the city of Stara Zagora“, printed on the pages of the newspaper “St.- Zagorskiy glas“ (1912).
Югоносталгия в индивидуалната и колективната памет (Case Study - Битоля, Македония)

Югоносталгия в индивидуалната и колективната памет (Case Study - Битоля, Македония)
(Yugo-Nostalgia in The Individual–and The Collective Memory (Case Study Bitola, Macedonia))

  • Author(s):Nadya Toshmakova
  • Language:English, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Local History / Microhistory
  • Page Range:505-512
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Summary/Abstract:This study explores the manifestation of Yugonostalgia among people of Bitola, Macedonia. Over two decades after Yugoslavia broke up, a feeling of nostalgia towards the former nation has surfaced. In the countries that emerged out of socialist Yugoslavia, it is called “Yugonostalgia” and is a very wide spread cultural phenomenon in all age groups. Has the dramatic transition into a post-socialist country fostered Yugonostalgic feelings among these people? If not, what in perceptions of citizens their country today is better than Yugoslavia? What in the memories about Yugoslavia is better than nowadays experiences? If so, what are these people nostalgic for? What about Yugoslavia seems so much better than present-day Macedonia? Which are the real personal memories and which of them have become part of the collective myth about the past that people present like their own narratives? The study is based on fieldwork conducted in the summer of 2015 in the city of Bitola, Republic of Macedonia, and some nearby villages. Multiple ethnological and historical methods are used, including: method of oral history, participant observation, method of life story, semi-structured interviews, photo and video documentation, archive materials gathered in the museums around the city.
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