Life in Health 2021: Research and Practice
Life in Health 2021: Research and Practice
Contributor(s): Petr Vlček (Editor), Jitka Slaná Reissmannová (Editor)
Subject(s): Education, Psychology, School education, State/Government and Education, Substance abuse and addiction, Health and medicine and law, Demography and human biology, Sports Studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Sociology of Education, Pedagogy
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: Life; Health; International Conference; health education;
Summary/Abstract: This proceedings contain a selection of papers from the international interdisciplinary conference Life in Health 2021, which took place from 9 to 10 September 2021 in the Czech Republic at the Faculty of Education, Masaryk University. The papers focus on general as well as specific approaches to public health protection and promotion. The findings presented are based on research data and are applicable in health education and general education of children and the whole population.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-80-280-0076-9
- Page Count: 180
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: English
The impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity of Czech children
The impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity of Czech children
(The impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity of Czech children)
- Author(s):Tereza Štveráková, Jakub Jačisko, Andrew Busch, Marcela Šafářová, Pavel Kolář, Alena Kobesová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):School education, Health and medicine and law, Present Times (2010 - today), Sports Studies
- Page Range:6-30
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:coronavirus; movement; younger school age; public health;
- Summary/Abstract:Introduction: The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related restrictions (closed schools and sports centers, social isolation, masks) may have a negative impact on children’s health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) of Czech children during COVID-19 in autumn 2020. Methods: Ninety-eight Czech children (mean age = 10.1 ± 1.47 years) completed the standardized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Czech Children (PAQ-C/cz) during COVID lockdown. Data were compared with previously published norms. Thirty-five children also reported daily number of steps measured by accelerometers. Results: Total PAQ-C score was 0.38 lower during COVID compared to Pre-COVID [t(302) = 5.118., p < .001]. The male PAQ-C total score was 0.37 lower [t(146) = 3.21., p = .002)] and the female total score was 0.39 lower [t(154) = 3.97., p < .001] during COVID compared to Pre-COVID. Specifically, responses of PA during spare time, before-school, physical education (PE), and recess were significantly lower during COVID. The average number of steps was 7.767 steps/day (boys = 9.255; girls = 6.982). Conclusions: COVID lockdown resulted in significant reduction of PA in Czech children. Strategies to promote adequate PA of children during the pandemic need to be determined.
Risk of Mobile Phone Addiction in Secondary School Pupils
Risk of Mobile Phone Addiction in Secondary School Pupils
(Risk of Mobile Phone Addiction in Secondary School Pupils)
- Author(s):Petr Kachlík
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, School education, Health and medicine and law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:31-62
- No. of Pages:32
- Keywords:questionnaire; mobile phone; nomophobia; prevention; risk; school; research; health; addiction; pupil;
- Summary/Abstract:Background: the urge to use mobile devices constantly and anxiety that might come in case of impossibility to use them, represent one of the forms of behavioral addictions, the so-called nomophobia. Nomophobia negatively affects all attributes of human health, seriously affects its mental, physical and social components. Objectives: the main objective of the research was to determine the degree of nomophobia in a sample of secondary school students, the partial objective was to map potentially risky areas with the use of modern information and communication technologies. Methods: a quantitative method was chosen to carry out the survey, and an anonymous questionnaire containing a standardized core was used as a research tool. It consisted of 20 items focused on respondents' reactions in situations where communication links are not available or cannot be used. The survey was conducted in the eighth and ninth grades of 11 randomly selected primary schools in the Hradec Králové region. Data were obtained from 373 respondents with a balanced representation of boys and girls. 3 working hypotheses were established to compare the opinions, behavior and degree of nomophobia between boys and girls. The answers were evaluated by methods of descriptive statistics, Student's t-test was used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: 0.5% of respondents did not show symptoms of nomophobia, a very mild and moderate form was recorded in 70% of respondents, mild form in 18% of the group, moderate in 8% and severe in 2% of respondents. Almost three-fourths of the students were not directly at risk of dependence on a mobile, but a tenth of the sample showed serious problems of a behavioral addiction nature. Respondents used an average of 4 applications, mainly communication programs, social networks and music players. Conclusions: girls in the sample showed a higher rate of nomophobia than boys. The biggest differences in responses were mainly for fears of not being able to communicate immediately with family or friends.
The cognitive dimension among university students in the area of sexual and reproductive health with an emphasis on the issue of delayed/late pregnancy and parenthood
The cognitive dimension among university students in the area of sexual and reproductive health with an emphasis on the issue of delayed/late pregnancy and parenthood
(The cognitive dimension among university students in the area of sexual and reproductive health with an emphasis on the issue of delayed/late pregnancy and parenthood)
- Author(s):Michaela Hřivnová, Jitka Slaná Reissmannová, Tereza Sofková, Martina Cichá, Vladislava Marciánová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , Cognitive Psychology, Health and medicine and law, Family and social welfare
- Page Range:63-75
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Delayed/late pregnancy/motherhood/parenthood; university students; cognitive dimension; sexual and reproductive health;
- Summary/Abstract:Background: The shift in women’s fertility and birth rate to the higher age is characterized as the most significant feature of reproductive behaviour over the past decades in the Czech Republic (and in other developed countries). The trend of the so-called delayed or late pregnancy/motherhood/parenthood is determined by polyfactorial influences with possible risk impacts on the biomedical and psychosocial aspects of the health of mothers, fathers, children and society as such. In 2020, the following project was implemented: 50/2020/PPZ/OKD In Time – responsible, erudite, planned and prepared parenthood – The shaping and development of health literacy in the area of reproductive health among young adults (university students). The project was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and the Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc. The outcomes of the project are of both educational and research nature. Method(s): The Research on the cognitive and affective dimensions of young adults in the area of early pregnancy/parenthood involving a sample of 844 student respondents from 14 universities in the Czech Republic evaluated the level of knowledge of health literacy with an emphasis on the general area of sexual and reproductive health as well as the specific area of possible risks associated with delayed/late pregnancy/parenthood. The research also focused on the personality and attitude dimensions of young adults in the context of delayed and late pregnancy. Results: In a specific area of sexual and reproductive health, the level of knowledge was problematic, sometimes even insufficient. An alarming fact is the complete lack of knowledge concerning the probability of conception during a single ovulation cycle of a young woman (18–30 years). Surprisingly, the correct answer was identified by less than 2% of female university students. The complete set of results of the research is published in the monograph In Time: The cognitive and affective dimensions of young adults in relation to pregnancy and parenthood. Conclusions: The unfavourable level of health literacy concerning early pregnancy/parenthood may have a negative effect on the affective and behavioural dimension of young adults and support the manifestations of possible bio-psycho-social risks and complications resulting from the trends of shifting motherhood/parenthood to higher age bands. It is thus necessary to educate the young generation by means of adequate didactic procedures in order for them to be able to make informed decisions about whether and when to have a child.
Movement and Health in virtual topics of pedagogy practice of Physical Education students at FSpS MU
Movement and Health in virtual topics of pedagogy practice of Physical Education students at FSpS MU
(Movement and Health in virtual topics of pedagogy practice of Physical Education students at FSpS MU)
- Author(s):Hana Válková, Marcela Janíková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , Health and medicine and law, Sports Studies, Sociology of Education, Distance learning / e-learning, Pedagogy
- Page Range:76-87
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:pandemic period; guiding PE schoolteacher; PE student; on-line PE inputs; student´s portfolio; tripartite;
- Summary/Abstract:The starting point of the article is the question - how to address the pedagogic practices of university PE students at the time of pandemic measures, i.e., the closure of secondary schools and universities and the transition to alternative forms. Overview of standard teaching practices for TV on FSPS according to accreditation valid from academic year 2019/2020 is described as so as innovative inputs are described. Alternative performance in PP1, PP2 and PP3 practices, students pedagogy portfolio consisted of: compulsory activities - compulsory-optional activities – participation in “tripartite”. Tripartite is a specific form for on-line personal communication of all actors of pedagogic practice at a determined school: student – guiding schoolteacher – FSpS tutor. The basic method was the assessment of documents processed by 149 students, participating in alternative (virtual, on-line) format of pedagogical practice, i.e. analysis of their work (portfolio) and methodological sheets, pedagogical diaries and reports, schemes for teaching, video shots. Activities oriented on healthy lifestyle were formulated: theoretical topic, practical exercise focused on: a) fitness, b) relaxing. The analysed inputs were assessed by descriptive statistics. Results show that all 149 students included the healthy lifestyle activities in determined variants in their tasks. It can be deduced students are prepared for teaching this topic. From the other hand students expressed these outputs were the simplest to realize in alternative form. In conclusion students, guiding teachers and FSpS tutors expressed together: despite of the fact the virtual form cannot in any way replace direct pedagogic activity virtually conceived practices were not a waste of time. Outputs oriented on movement and health can also be part of the contents for the period of teaching PE in regular conditions. This idea is in line with WHO's objectives.
Application of the brief intervention method in prevention of HIV/AIDS spread - 6 years of project implementation
Application of the brief intervention method in prevention of HIV/AIDS spread - 6 years of project implementation
(Application of the brief intervention method in prevention of HIV/AIDS spread - 6 years of project implementation)
- Author(s):Lidmila Hamplová, Soňa Jexová, Veronika Pišová, Petr Hulinský
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Health and medicine and law, Sociology of Education
- Page Range:89-95
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:brief intervention; education; intervention; HIV/AIDS prevention; health literacy;
- Summary/Abstract:The National Programme for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic 2018- 2022 is a strategic document for combating the spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. The activities of the programme are funded by the Czech Republic’s Ministry of Health’s subsidy programmed called the National Programme on HIV AIDS. The target population groups of the programme are not only persons at high risk of HIV/AIDS infection due to risky sexual behaviour, but also adolescents, teenagers, and other persons of reproductive age with a lower level of health literacy. One possibility that could increase their level of knowledge is the short intervention method, which is also applicable in the field of prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The aim and purpose of the brief intervention method recommended by the WHO is to increase the health literacy of the intervened persons, eliminate their risky behaviour and promote their reproductive health. Reducing the incidence of HIV-positive persons in the population brings significant financial savings in terms of reduced treatment costs for both HIV-positive patients and especially those with advanced AIDS. The application of the brief intervention method in the field of prevention of HIV/AIDS and other STIs was the essence of the 6-year project conducted by the University of Health Sciences in health care facilities across the Czech Republic. Patients were privately familiarised with the content of educational cards and were offered the opportunity for a closer consultation on the topic. After the education, the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated by a short questionnaire. 5,146 people of reproductive age were intervened in more than 150 health care facilities across the country during the implementation of the 6-year project. A total of 1,347 patients (26%) reported that their loved ones were not adequately protected from HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Only 56% of the male and 66% of the female respondents reported that they had ever spoken to their loved ones about STI prevention. After the education, 56% of the reproductive-age interveners requested copies of the education cards for their loved ones. Increased health literacy due to education was more often acknowledged by women than men, and especially by those in the 15–25 age group, where 74% of those in this age group who intervened confirmed increased health literacy. Women (75%) were more likely than men to believe that their loved ones were not adequately protecting themselves from STIs. Patients with lower levels of education were more likely to admit an increase in health literacy than those with university education (64%). 71% of patients with only primary education, completed at fifteen years old in the Czech Republic, said their health literacy had increased. 70% or patients who finished their schooling after secondary education, completed at eighteen years old in the Czech Republic, said their health literacy had increased. Over the course of 6 years, more than 5,000 people of reproductive age were educated in the project. The health care environment in which the interventions were implemented contributed significantly to the success of the brief intervention method. The realisation of the project by the College of Health contributed to the implementation of the National Programme for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic 2018–2022 and at the same time the National Action Plan, entitled Development of Health Literacy.
Contributions of the School Settings to the Promotion of Health-enhancing Physical Activity – dissemination of the HEPAS project results in the context of the Czech curriculum changes
Contributions of the School Settings to the Promotion of Health-enhancing Physical Activity – dissemination of the HEPAS project results in the context of the Czech curriculum changes
(Contributions of the School Settings to the Promotion of Health-enhancing Physical Activity – dissemination of the HEPAS project results in the context of the Czech curriculum changes)
- Author(s):Petr Vlček, Jitka Slaná Reissmannová, Jana Vašíčková, Richard Bailey
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, State/Government and Education, Health and medicine and law, Sports Studies, Sociology of Education
- Page Range:96-110
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Physical Education; School Sport; Physical Activity; Healthy lifestyle; Active School; Curriculum Change; Czech Republic;
- Summary/Abstract:This text presents one of the steps in the dissemination process of the ‘HEPAS’ project in the Czech Republic. HEPAS (Healthy and Physically Active Schools in Europe) was funded under the Erasmus+ Programme, Key Action 2: Strategic Partnerships led by the University of Luxembourg. HEPAS Associated Partners (according to the service agreement) was to perform the activities specified in the agreement to successfully promote and implement the project results in their respective country. In the Czech Republic, the Czech Society of PE Teachers (CSPET) was the HEPAS associated partner. The objective of this paper is to point out an unpublished report elaborated by the HEPAS project team and use the data to consider the specifics of the Czech curriculum currently being revised. The report brought evidence from the last ten years of the contributions of schoolbased physical activity, physical education, and school sport on the promotion of healthenhancing physical activity. The study used a 'rapid reviewing' method, in which sources were identified and analysed using systematic reviewing techniques, but subsequent stages were adapted to facilitate flexible and practical interpretation. The authors used the results to discuss the plausibility of introducing an ‘Active Schools’ concept in the Czech curricula, in which physical education lessons designed to equip students with the prerequisite knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values supportive of a physically active lifestyle are augmented by other school-based contexts which provide the opportunity to meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity participation.
Analysis of the projected curriculum of the educational field of Health Education
Analysis of the projected curriculum of the educational field of Health Education
(Analysis of the projected curriculum of the educational field of Health Education)
- Author(s):Tereza Šimčíková, Leona Mužíková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, State/Government and Education, Health and medicine and law, Sociology of Education
- Page Range:112-119
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:curriculum; Framework Education Programme (FEP); school education program (SEP); lower secondary education; health education;
- Summary/Abstract:The Analysis of the projected curriculum of the educational field of Health education dealt with the current projected curriculum of Health education in connection with current conceptual materials. The main goal of the research was the analysis of school educational programs at selected elementary schools. The theoretical basis for this research was the curriculum, its forms and conducted researches on the curriculum. Then the research was based on the development of the field of Health education and projects and programs related to this educational field. It also contains basic methodological data on research, which focuses on the projected form of Health education curriculum evaluated based on a deeper analysis of school educational programs of selected elementary schools. At the end, the results are summarized and conclusions and recommendations especially for school practice are formulated. The acquired results show that the time allocation for Health education ranges from 1 to 4 hours per week, most schools teach Health education as a separate subject, almost all schools have all the thematic areas of Health education included and each school provides interdisciplinary relationships. The result of the presented research is the formulation of starting points for the improvement of Health education.
Prevention of self-destructive addictions
Prevention of self-destructive addictions
(Prevention of self-destructive addictions)
- Author(s):Markéta Požárová, Alice Prokopová, Jitka Slaná Reissmannová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Psychology, Behaviorism, Substance abuse and addiction, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:120-135
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:self-destructive addiction; mental illness; risky behavior; violent behavior; health education;
- Summary/Abstract:Self-destructive addictions include for example overuse alcohol use or smoking. In the Czech Republic, alcohol consumption is still very popular and for many people it is not risky to overuse it. Unfortunately, the number of people addicted to alcohol is not declining, which is why primary prevention is still very important. Primary prevention takes place from an early age in the family, but the school itself is an irreplaceable component of primary prevention. In the schools primary prevention takes place mainly in the subject of health education. Unfortunately, despite the exclusive position of primary prevention in schools, its effectiveness is ineffective. The biggest mistakes in primary prevention include intimidation, targeting the pupil's cognitive component, unconceptual conception or condemnation of addicts and emphasizing their weakness. The paper focuses on alcoholism as a maladaptation to a crisis situation in connection with its prevention in elementary school. Sinha (2009) draws attention to the connection between alcoholism and maladaptation in his research. The research used an analysis of the literature, research and articles from which the theoretical basis was created and then the qualitative research itself was conducted, which consisted of narrative interviews with five respondents who had experienced a crisis, used maladaptive strategies and subsequently became alcoholics. Then, case studies were written from the statements of the respondents, which were also used in the methodological materials created as didactic transformations for elementary school teachers. The results of the research show the connection between maladaptive strategies and the progress of alcohol dependence and the necessary systematic connection in primary prevention so that the student understands this issue in a context not randomly. In connection with primary prevention at elementary school were created 10 methodological materials for elementary school teachers, which will provide didactic transformation. The methodological materials therefore form a complex of preparations on the topic of self-destructive addictions, where in addition to the issue of addictions, students are also introduced to topics such as mental illness, violent behavior, adaptive and maladaptive strategies, crises and the use of relaxation techniques. Thus, the materials point to an important connection between these topics, thanks to which students would be given a systematic and comprehensive view of self-destructive addictions.
Health Promotion by Physical Activity in Relation to Body Composition
Health Promotion by Physical Activity in Relation to Body Composition
(Health Promotion by Physical Activity in Relation to Body Composition)
- Author(s):Tereza Sofková, Michaela Hřivnová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Demography and human biology
- Page Range:136-147
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:healthy lifestyle; body fat; accelerometer; walking; young adult females;
- Summary/Abstract:Regular physical activity is a natural tool in weight control. Appropriate indicators for conclusive evidence of somatic condition are individual body components. Our research objective was to analyse selected body composition fractions in relation to meeting recommended physical activity in young adult females. 258 women participated in our study; women were divided into two groups according to the physical activity level achieved, either meeting or not meeting the recommended physical activity level in terms of intensity (moderate physical activity, 3 to 5.99 MET) and level (≥ 150 min/week). To determine the physical activity parameters, namely the level and intensity within one week and average daily number of steps, ActiGraph GT1M Accelerometer was used. Direct Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method (DSM-BIA Method) using InBody 720 Body Composition Analyser was used to determine body composition parameters. The differences between the groups according to the physical activity level reached were statistically insignificant for the selected body composition fractions we investigated. Lower relative risk of damage to health as measured by the somatic indices (body mass index: BMI, body fat mass index: BFMI) was observed in women carrying out moderate physical activity level (MPA, 3 to 5.99 MET), i.e. 150 to 300 minutes. In the assessment of habitual recommended physical activity level, the women were classified either as active or women with typical daily activities. Research study verified positive relationship between meeting the recommended physical activity level and its impact on health risk indicators, namely lowering body fat mass index (BFMI), lowering body fat (BFP, BFM) and smaller visceral fat area (VFA). Positive approach to the physical activity may lead to the decrease in number of health problems associated with excess weight and obesity in later age.
Remedial Physical Education in the Czech education system
Remedial Physical Education in the Czech education system
(Remedial Physical Education in the Czech education system)
- Author(s):Jitka Vařeková, Markéta Křivánková, Pavlína Nováková, Eva Prokešová, Klára Daďová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, State/Government and Education, Health and medicine and law, Sports Studies, Sociology of Education
- Page Range:148-157
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Adapted Physical Education; Special Educational Needs; Physical Education in Schools; Framework Educational Program;
- Summary/Abstract:Remedial Physical Education (RPE) in the context of education is a school subject focused on promoting health and developing physical literacy in children with special educational needs (SEN). The subject RPE has more than seventy-years long tradition in Czech Republic and support in legislation and the Framework Educational Program. However, despite the emphasis on the importance of supporting children with SEN, the number of schools that offer this subject is declining. For systemic change, it is extremely important to carefully analyze factors leading to this situation. These include, e.g. possibility to exempt pupils from physical education classes, organizational demands and nonenforcement of the provision of SEN, insufficient preparation of future teachers, the outdated paradigm of the field, and negative attitudes of students and parents to physical education in schools.
Health and safety education in the context of social and curricular changes
Health and safety education in the context of social and curricular changes
(Health and safety education in the context of social and curricular changes)
- Author(s):Eva Marádová, Miroslava Kovaříková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Vocational Education, State/Government and Education, Health and medicine and law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Sociology of Education
- Page Range:158-168
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:health and safety education; digital technologies; Framework Education Program for Elementary Education; teacher education;
- Summary/Abstract:Health and safety education implemented in the accordance with the framework curriculum of elementary education develops pupils' relationship to health and provides a space for consolidating their skills to promote health and safety. It participates in shaping the health and safety literacy, which is necessary for life, to a large extent. The effective fulfillment of expected results of education in the given issue is determined by a number of social factors and circumstances. The teacher's personality plays there a key role. The article deals with current issue of health promotion and safety protection in education in the context of current social needs and challenges, which call for curriculum revision and adequate changes in teacher education. The attention is paid to the rapid rise of digital technologies into everyday life and the need to manage the reality of health and safety threat due to emergency.
Challenges and opportunities for health promotion in the school environment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Challenges and opportunities for health promotion in the school environment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
(Challenges and opportunities for health promotion in the school environment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic)
- Author(s):Eva Marádová, Pavla Šlechtová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, School education, Health and medicine and law, Sociology of Education
- Page Range:169-180
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:health and safety education; education during COVID-19 pandemic; Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education;
- Summary/Abstract:The text responds to current problems associated with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Czech Republic and abroad and discusses the current situation based on the latest available information. Specifically, it focuses on the influence of this severe health threat on the societal perception of the importance of health promotion and safety in school education. The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a new milestone in formal and informal health and safety education development. Based on the results of research in the Czech Republic and abroad, the text demonstrates the need to expand activities to promote health and safety in schools in the future (in terms of ensuring physical, mental and social wellbeing), and thus the need to increase the number of lessons per week for health and safety education in the primary and lower secondary education curriculum. We propose that the Framework Education Programme for Primary and Lower Secondary Educationin corporates (as part of the forthcoming revision) the necessary adequate changes aimed at broader health promotion both in the overall concept of school life and especially in the educational field, including health and safety topics.