60 godina od završetka Drugog svjetskog rata: kako se sjećati 1945. godine
60 years since the end of World War II: how to remember 1945
Contributor(s): Husnija Kamberović (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
Published by: Institut za istoriju
Keywords: World War II; Anti-fascist Struggle;
Summary/Abstract: Ovaj Zbornik radova je rezultat konferencije koju je Institut za istoriju u Sarajevu organizirao 12. i 13. maja 2005. povodom 60 godina od završetka Drugogsvjetskog rata. Smatrali smo da je šezdeset godina od završetka Drugog svjetskog rata prilika da se o tome događaju povede naučna rasprava iz perspektive onoga što je slijedilo u kasnijem povijesnom razdoblju.
- Print-ISBN-10: 9958-9642-7-9
- Page Count: 250
- Publication Year: 2006
- Language: Bosnian
Zloupotreba rezultata antifašističke borbe - prilog razumijevanju događaja nakon pobjede nad fašizmom
Zloupotreba rezultata antifašističke borbe - prilog razumijevanju događaja nakon pobjede nad fašizmom
(The abuse of the results of the Anti-fascist Struggle: A contribution to the understanding of what happened after the victory over fascism)
- Author(s):Muhamed Filipović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:9-15
- No. of Pages:7
- Summary/Abstract:This work examines the abuses that resulted from different factions that participated in the anti-fascist movement both during the Second World War and in its aftermath. Filipović notes that on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary, scholars have focused on the actual victory and the positive aspects of the destruction of the greatest evil ever born in the western world: fascism. However, he argues that such a victory was not complete; that evil was not totally eradicated; and that sixty years later, there are various attempts to revive fascism as well as to justify fascist ideas and practices.
- Price: 4.50 €
Bosna i Hercegovina u vrtlogu
Bosna i Hercegovina u vrtlogu
(Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Vortex)
- Author(s):Robert J. Donia
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Diplomatic history, Military history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:17-23
- No. of Pages:6
- Summary/Abstract:In the past six decades, English-language accounts of the Second World War in Bosnia and Herzegovina have evolved, starting with the perspective of Allied strategic military interests and moving toward an understanding of the conflict as a struggle among regional actors. In the late wartime years, English readers saw the Second World War largely through the portal of Allied military observers who visited Tito or Mihailović. Early postwar scholarly accounts of the war echoed English readers’ obsession with the gargantuan military struggle and the reasons for Allied victory. Since then, English-language histories have increasingly drawn upon the voluminous documentary record and emphasized the role of the national question in the course and outcome of the war. Some authors have adopted a regional approach and focused principally on the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The quality of recent histories is excellent, but there is a lamentable absence of social history in these works, and horrible fate of the Jews in the Second World War has all but disappeared from more recent accounts.
- Price: 4.50 €
Najnoviji pogledi na Drugi svjetski rat u Bosni i Hercegovini
Najnoviji pogledi na Drugi svjetski rat u Bosni i Hercegovini
(The latest perspectives of the Second World War In Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- Author(s):Husnija Kamberović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:25-35
- No. of Pages:11
- Summary/Abstract:This work examines the criticism surrounding Rasim Hurem’s 1973 study on the NOP (National Liberation Movement) in eastern Bosnia. Kamberović argues that as a direct consequence to the controversy surrounding Hurem’s study, the Bosnian historiography on the Second World War has grown static. He notes that criticisms of Hurem’s work, which need to be understood in the broader political context of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1970s, essentially disavowed any scholarship on the Second World War that did not fit with the general narrative of the wartime victors. Afterwards, scholars lost the courage to introduce new works that provide different perspectives of the war or to address different wartime themes.
- Price: 4.50 €
O jednoj desnoj reviziji pogleda na antifašističku borbu u Srbiji
O jednoj desnoj reviziji pogleda na antifašističku borbu u Srbiji
(One aspect of the right -wing revisionist approach to the anti-fascist struggle in Serbia)
- Author(s):Srđan Milošević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:37-53
- No. of Pages:17
- Summary/Abstract:In this work, Milošević analyzes the writings of Serbia’s clerical right, a group that sought to portray the Serbian anti-fascist struggle as harmful and useless to the Serbian nation. He shows how these writers uncritically rehabilitated individuals who collaborated with the fascist occupation during the Second World War. This revisionist approach uses the ideology of Dimitrije Ljotić and Vladika Nikolaj Velimirović as its foundation. Milošević contextualizes this revisionist approach in contemporary Serbian society and argues that it is no doubt a part of Serbia’s pursuit for a new tradition-based national identity.
- Price: 4.50 €
Historijske refleksije antifašističkog rata u Makedoniji u makedonskoj historiografiji 1991-2005. godine
Historijske refleksije antifašističkog rata u Makedoniji u makedonskoj historiografiji 1991-2005. godine
(Historical reflections on the war against Fascism in Macedonia : Macedonian Historiography 1991-2005)
- Author(s):Marjan Dimitrijevski
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:55-62
- No. of Pages:8
- Summary/Abstract:In the past decade, Macedonian historiography has been enriched by new studies that offer scholarly and thoughtful interpretations of the Macedonian struggle against fascism (NOAR) and its role in the larger coalition against fascism. This scholarship adheres to the principles and methodologies used in contemporary European and Balkan history, adopting a healthy and critical spirit to objectively and impartially examine the subject. Dimitrijevski traces how this scholarship is leading in new directions for the general understanding of the Macedonian anti-fascist movement. In doing so, he notes that this historiography is critical to the development of Macedonia’s national identity, national consciousness, and inter-community relations as well as for issues of human rights, democracy, freedom, equality, peace, and tolerance in the region.
- Price: 4.50 €
Masakri i genocid počinjeni u Drugom svjetskom ratu i ponovno otkrivanje žrtava
Masakri i genocid počinjeni u Drugom svjetskom ratu i ponovno otkrivanje žrtava
(Second World War massacres and genocide and the rediscovery of victims)
- Author(s):Tea Sindbaek
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:63-74
- No. of Pages:12
- Summary/Abstract:It seems to be a common tendency of the historiography of the Second World War in Yugoslavia and several other countries that certain types of victimisation were left out of history writing for several decades. Particularly experiences of defenceless and humiliated victims were apparently too shameful and painful to be conceived for a long period after the war. From the 1970s and particularly in the 1980s, however, massacres and victims became central in historiography and popular history in Yugoslavia and elsewhere. While this is probably partly the result of a necessary distance in time, it seems also to accompany a change in international discourse, which ascribes moral and symbolic esteem to the role of victims. Yugoslav historiography naturally had its particular characteristics. There were ideological imperatives, some of which would have been similar to those of other socialist countries, while others were indeed special for Yugoslavia: The need to emphasise an autochthonous revolution independent of the Soviet Union, a history of brutal violence and strong antagonisms between different groups within Yugoslavia, the changing political climates, not least following Tito’s death. Nevertheless the similarities in the developments of Second World War historiography in Yugoslavia and elsewhere are striking. Therefore I believe that Yugoslav historiography has participated in and been influenced by these common tendencies. In the Yugoslav case the heroic deeds of the partisans remained the positive focus of World War II history into the 1970s. When finally genocide and victims’ suffering entered the historians’ agenda in the 1980s, however, these issues formed a particularly powerful theme within history and public debate. This was partly because re-evaluation of this historic period also meant rethinking of the background of the political system, and partly because reviving these gruesome historic experiences would inevitably influence national relations among the Yugoslav peoples.
- Price: 4.50 €
Među rodoljubima, kupusom, svinjama i varvarima
Među rodoljubima, kupusom, svinjama i varvarima
(Among Patriots, Cabbage, Pigs, and Barbarians)
- Author(s):Max Bergholz
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Cultural history, Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
- Page Range:75-100
- No. of Pages:26
- Summary/Abstract:This essay has two objectives: first, to better understand how Yugoslavia's communist regime went about constructing an officially-sanctioned memory of the Second World War through the building of monuments and graves for “fallen soldiers” (pali borci) and “victims of fascist terror” (žrtve fašističkog terora); second, to analyze how Yugoslav citizens reacted to such “sites of memory” from 1947 until 1965. I begin with a brief introduction to the activities of the Association of Veterans of the People’s Liberation War (Savez boraca Narodnooslobodilačkog rata [SBNOR, and then renamed SUBNOR in 1961]), the organization that I consider as the main vehicle through which “memory activists” in Tito’s Yugoslavia acted. I then move to an analysis of public responses to their memory-making activities vis a vis graves and monuments By analyzing archival documents, newspaper articles, and especially letters written to newspapers, I argue that, while many people did respond positively to these officially-sanctioned “sites of memory,” others reacted in a myriad of directly and indirectly confrontational ways. Allowing weeds and grass to engulf graves; permitting pigs to forage in front of monuments and tying horses to them; building monuments to anti-communist forces; telling jokes about monuments and harassing people trying to visit them; and smashing plaques and monuments into pieces, sometimes on several occasions; all of these behaviors suggest that a serious disjuncture existed between the projects which SBNOR’s memory activists were engaged in and some segments of the population’s degree of acceptance of them. I see this disjuncture as exemplified in two types of directly and indirectly confrontational behaviors: first, as indifference or perhaps disconnectedness to officially-sanctioned memories; second, as conscious resistance to such forms of remembrance. At the same time, it is important to note that the documents which serve as the central empirical basis for this essay demonstrate that a sizable group of Yugoslav citizens were also very much mobilized with the veterans of SBNOR in the project of constructing, reproducing and protecting a set of heroic memories about the “People’s Liberation War.” Taken together, the conclusions of this essay suggest the need to revise the existing literature on the history of the memory of the Second World War in Yugoslavia in several ways. It has been suggested by some scholars (e.g., Hoepken, 1999; Denich, 1994; and Hayden, 1994) that the communist regime's “official memory” of the war was constructed for a repressed society, and that this memory dissolved under the pressure of intellectuals during the country’s final decade of existence. This essay, which pays close attention to societal reactions to officially-sanctioned war memories in Yugoslavia, presents a different dynamic. That is, people were neither totally repressed by a certain set of memories about the war, nor simply passive and ready to be awakened by a group of intellectuals. Ordinary people reacted to graves and monuments—two of the most ubiquitous manifestations of “official memory” in Yugoslavia—in their own ways and on their on terms from the moment that such sites of remembrance were constructed. And their reactions, while often quite positive, were also indifferent and, at times, directly and indirectly confrontational and subversive.
- Price: 4.50 €
Oni su 1945. odstupili
Oni su 1945. odstupili
(They who retreated in 1945)
- Author(s):Omer Hamzić
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Local History / Microhistory, Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:101-109
- No. of Pages:9
- Summary/Abstract:This work attempts to clarify the complex and loaded meanings behind the phrase “They who retreated in 1945,“ which is still used in the Gračanica area. First, Hamzić explains the concept of “retreat.” After establishing the truth of the fates of the individuals who fall in this category, he works to demystify them. He notes that while there is little need to rehabilitate these people today, there is a historical need to understand them. Indeed, when we analyze this category, the question of liberation and occupation in April and May 1945 seems redundant. Hamzić analyzes the people and goals behind the “fabrication” of this term and the purpose it served. He concludes that it is imperative to clarify this debate because it continues to effect Bosnian families today.
- Price: 4.50 €
Bosanskohercegovački Hrvati za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata (kao dio hrvatskog nacionalnog korpusa)
Bosanskohercegovački Hrvati za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata (kao dio hrvatskog nacionalnog korpusa)
(The Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats during the Second World War (as a part of the Croatian Nation))
- Author(s):Ivo Goldstein
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:111-129
- No. of Pages:19
- Summary/Abstract:In this article, the author examines the changes that occurred within the Bosnian and Herzegovinian Croatian community during the Second World War that led individuals to sympathize with different warring factions. Although the entire Croatian nation gradually joined the Partisan cause, this process happened more quickly in the coastal regions of Istria and Dalmatia and several smaller Croatian inland areas. For a number of reasons the Bosnian and Herzegovinian Croats lagged behind their Croatian counterparts in joining the Partisan movement. Except for individuals who had been Communists in the pre-war period, Bosnian and Herzegovinian Croats did not side with the Partisans until the autumn of 1943. After that point, the number of Croats in the Partisans steadily increased until the end of the war.
- Price: 4.50 €
Posljednji mjeseci ratnog perioda: Sarajevska Iskustva
Posljednji mjeseci ratnog perioda: Sarajevska Iskustva
(The last months of wartime: Sarajevo´s preparations)
- Author(s):Emily Greble Balić
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:131-144
- No. of Pages:14
- Summary/Abstract:In this article, Emily Balić examines social conditions in Sarajevo during the final months of World War II. By January 1945, a constellation of factors including the Croatian state’s inability to monitor local governments or distribute resources; the German occupation; and the refugee crisis created by the Yugoslav civil war, had rendered Sarajevo’s local government nearly bankrupt and totally ineffective. To fill this leadership void, private clubs and societies (“društva”) took over important social services. The društva had their own financial and material resources from membership dues, private donations, and the strategic takeover of property and businesses during the war. Run by small groups of community elites with close ties to local politicians and religious leaders, the društva had access to thousands of Sarajevans through religious, cultural, and political circles. They organized schools, lectures, and exams, distributed food, and built and maintained refugee camps and children’s homes. Moreover, they were the principal liaison between Sarajevo’s citizens and the government, a position they used to shape local policy, mold public attitudes, and preserve social mores and conservative values as the war drew to a close. When the Communist Partisans arrived in Sarajevo, they allowed many of the društva (albeit with new leadership) to continue their work in the city in order to maintain order. Thus, the društva served as an important bridge from fascism to Communism and from the dying Independent State of Croatia to the emerging Yugoslavia.
- Price: 4.50 €
Komunizam i represija : Sud narodne časti u Bosni i Hercegovini
Komunizam i represija : Sud narodne časti u Bosni i Hercegovini
(Communism and Repression: the honorable People’s Court)
- Author(s):Mustafa Memić
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:145-166
- No. of Pages:22
- Summary/Abstract:On the day of Sarajevo’s liberation, the new government established a court to prosecute crimes and offenses committed against Serbs, Muslims, and Croats in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On May 26, 1945, a law was passed on the court’s organizational structure and proceedings. The court functioned until the middle of August 1945, at which point the President of the People’s Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina closed it. Although the court was short-lived, its revolutionary character had a significant effect on society by removing real and alleged “enemies of the people.” As a political ploy, the court publicly targeted certain bourgeoisie groups and Catholic clergy. The sentences it handed down reflected its political mission. It punished political rivals by removing their civil rights, thus eliminating competition at elections. It used sentences of forced labor to isolate and remove individuals from the community and strategically confiscated property and disinherited people to increase the state’s assets. This theme is just now being addressed, sixty years after the court’s existence.
- Price: 4.50 €
Platforma Narodnooslobodilačkog pokreta od 1941. do 1945. godine – ciljevi i realizacija
Platforma Narodnooslobodilačkog pokreta od 1941. do 1945. godine – ciljevi i realizacija
(The Platform of the National Liberation Movement , 1941-1945: Goals and Realization)
- Author(s):Muharem Kreso
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:175-194
- No. of Pages:20
- Summary/Abstract:This work examines the National Liberation Struggle in Yugoslavia, which Kreso argues can be reduced to two basic problems: the libration from fascist occupation and resolution of the national question within the occupied territory. For the first, scholars concentrate on the total forces of the National Liberation Movement for the second, they examine the participation of all of the nationalities in the Movement (which was seen as the necessary condition to solve the national question). Kreso seeks to connect these two problems by analyzing the relationship between efforts to realize the foundational goals of the Movement and efforts to resolve the national question. He describes these issues as they relate to the decision for a federal organization – in which the national minorities were guaranteed rights, and the Declaration of AVNOJ, in which the national minorities were generally ignored. He also addresses later documents of the Movement, such as the Declaration of the foundational rights of nations and citizens in 1944, in which Vojvodina and Sandžak were mentioned but Kosovo was not. Kreso describes the opposition that existed within the Movement, which created obstacles to the establishment of a foundational platform. He especially emphasizes the acts of a few representatives within the Movement who compromised the original platform (such as a lecture by Vaso Cubrilovic on the problems of national minorities).
- Price: 4.50 €
Slučaj Pašage Mandžića paradigma težine traganja za povijesnom istinom
Slučaj Pašage Mandžića paradigma težine traganja za povijesnom istinom
(The case of Pašag Mandžić: the paradigm of the difficulties in the pursuit for historical truth)
- Author(s):Tomislav Išek
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Historical revisionism
- Page Range:195-203
- No. of Pages:9
- Summary/Abstract:Tomislav Išek examines the role of Pašaga Mandžić, one of the most influential leaders of the NOB (National Liberation Struggle) in eastern Bosnia and an important leader in postwar relations, to address the complex relationship between what “really happened“ in Bosnia in 1941 and the beginning of 1942 and subsequent interpretations of what happened. The Communist Part of Yugoslavia attempted to spread a “base“ in eastern Bosnia that included Chetniks, which eventually led to a “crisis within the movement“ that directly affected the fate of Muslims (Bošnjaks). This was one of many negative consequences of Pašag Mandžić’s policies. After introducing the historical facts and interpretations, Išek then turns to the recent war to show how unresolved ideological conflicts and political disagreements from the Second World War had a tragic revival in the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1992-1995 war, in which the same anti-Bosnian elements appeared as the parties danced the “Dance Macabre.” Linking events from 1941-1942 to 1992-1995, Išek uses Mandžić as an example of an individual who fought for his nation only to be criticized by his Party colleagues. It also illustrates the validity of the famous expression, that “those ignorant of history are destined to repeat it.”
- Price: 4.50 €
Dan pobjede prema sarajevskom ratnom “Oslobođenju ” 1995. godine - šta nam kazuje jedna proslava?
Dan pobjede prema sarajevskom ratnom “Oslobođenju ” 1995. godine - šta nam kazuje jedna proslava?
(The Day of the Liberation Through The wartime Newspaper in Sarajevo , “Oslobođenje ,” 1995 – “what does one celebration reveal to us ?”)
- Author(s):Sonja Dujmović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Social history, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Historical revisionism, Post-Communist Transformation
- Page Range:205-215
- No. of Pages:11
- Summary/Abstract:This article analyzes the history of the “Victory Day” (V-Day) commemorative celebrations and compares it to the 1995 Liberation of Sarajevo. By tracing how the narrative of V-Day evolved over the past half century, Dujmović describes how the government used this celebration to mystically connect the past to the present, to manipulate history in the interest of contemporary political ideologies, and to symbolize the beginning of a new society and government. She notes that the purpose of such a celebration was to demonize the previous system and diminish its successes, to establish and strengthen notions of a homogenous community defined in opposition to its enemies, and to lay the foundations for a de-secular value system which can unify society. The celebration reveals, however, that a universal principle of citizenship is in a serious crisis; that community loyalty exists but that individuals are wary of it. Although the community is maturing, it is difficult for individuals to find alternatives to homogenous and isolated identities.
- Price: 4.50 €
Stanje arhivske građe o Drugom svjetskom ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini
Stanje arhivske građe o Drugom svjetskom ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini
(An Overview of Bosnia-Herzegovina ’s Archival Collections on the Second World War)
- Author(s):Mina Kujović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Library and Information Science, Archiving, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:217-234
- No. of Pages:18
- Summary/Abstract:This work provides an overview of archival materials on the Second World War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kujović notes that although many documents were produced in Bosnia during the war, not all of them are located in the country. A large portion of the material (especially that dealing with the military sphere) can be found in archives in Belgrade and Zagreb. Unfortunately, sixty years since the end of the war, most of the wartime collections remain uncatalogued, and the largest collection – ZAVNOHBiH – is divided between two archives in Sarajevo – the State Archives of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the archives of the Historical Museum. These issues make it difficult for scholars to adequately research this important period.
- Price: 4.50 €
O nekim aspektima obrazovno-odgojne politike Narodnooslobodilačkog pokreta na području Bosne i Hercegovine (1941-1945)
O nekim aspektima obrazovno-odgojne politike Narodnooslobodilačkog pokreta na području Bosne i Hercegovine (1941-1945)
(Some aspects of the National-Liberation Movement’s educational and pedagogical policy on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1941-1945))
- Author(s):Azem Kožar
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):History, Education, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), History of Education, State/Government and Education, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism
- Page Range:235-248
- No. of Pages:14
- Summary/Abstract:The educative and pedagogical politics of National-Liberation Movement in Bosnia and Herzegovina (as a part of Yugoslovenian Movement initiated and run by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia) in a period 1941-1945, was based on the idea of National-Liberation Movement, that included: equality, brotherhood and unity of its peoples, established on a secular atheistic basis. When compared to the pre-war monarchically Yugoslavian politics, particulary the educative and pedagogical politics of the Independent country of Croatia that was simultaneously implemanted in the unliberated teritory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it was a radical new turning point. However because of the war-winnibg euphoria it attached too much importance to the role and aims of National-Liberation Movement, as well as to the tole of the Party and personality. Its attitude towards orther issuses from far and near past of Bosnia and Herzegovina was very superficial. These and other characteristics, mostly obtained from the experience of the Soviet Union, bacame prominent in history lessons. Not even the after-war (socialistic) educative and pedagogical politics managed to get rid of the inherited deficiencies from the ear until the beginning of 1980s. Then the new curricula of history issues were formed as a result of a gradual process of releasing Bosnian historiography from the shackles of politics and ideology.
- Price: 4.50 €