Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. Learn more.
1945 - Caesura in the Croatian History Cover Image
  • Offer for Individuals Only 10.00 €

1945. - Razdjelnica hrvatske povijesti
1945 - Caesura in the Croatian History

Contributor(s): Nada Kisić Kolanović (Editor), Mario Jareb (Editor), Katarina Spehnjak (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
Published by: Hrvatski institut za povijest
Keywords: Croatian history;
Summary/Abstract: With contributions by Marijan Maticka, Jerca Vodušek Starič, Drago Roksandić, Tihomir Cipek, Ivo Goldstein, Nada Kisić Kolanović, Zdenko Radelić, Biljana Kašić, Ljubomir Antić, Darko Dukovski, Tvrtko Jakovina, Katarina Spehnjak, Marica Karakaš, Nikica Barić, Jure Krišto, Miroslav Akmadža, Vladimir Geiger, Mario Jareb, Berislav Jandrić, Mario Kevo, Martina Grahek-Ravančić, Zdravko Dizdar, Davor Kovačić, Goran Hutinec.

  • Print-ISBN-10: 953-6324-56-3
  • Page Count: 506
  • Publication Year: 2005
  • Language: Croatian
Problemi diskontinuiteta vlasti i Hrvatska 1945

Problemi diskontinuiteta vlasti i Hrvatska 1945
(The Problems of Dicontinuity in Government in Croatia in 1945)

  • Author(s):Marijan Maticka
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:19-24
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Summary/Abstract:The author explains that the government established in Croatia in 1945, under the domination of the KPJ/KPH (The Communist Party of Yugoslavia/The Communist Party of Croatia), was entirely discontinuous from the previous forms of govenment on Croatian territory. It was a direct negation of the government of the NDH (The Independent State of Croatia), but also of the government in the period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, or the Banovina of Croatia. The negation of the government of the NDH was tied to the defeat of the Axis, while the negation of the government of the Banovina of Croatia was the result of the development of the government which the KPJ/KPH established during the war for National Liberation. From the beginning of the armed struggle against the occupiers and their collaborators, the question of holding and wielding power was important to the KPJ/KPH. The development of a political basis for the network of a new goverment occurred simultaneously with armed struggle. National Liberation councils initiated and controlled by the KPJ/KPH became the real organs of power. Gradually, it also developed the structures of the higher organs of government. It was characteristic for these to grow from politically representative bodies into the chief legislative and executive organs of government. First of all, they take shape at the all-Yugoslav level (AVNOJ), subsequently on the level of its individual lands, thus also in Croatia (ZAVNOH). The discontinuity in the shape and form of government was obvious in terms of ideas, politics, organization and personnel. The KPJ/KPH in the form of ≪popular democracy≫ rejected the principles of parliamentary democracy; federalism was proclaimed, but in reality a state and party centralism was put into place. A multiparty political system was replaced by national front unity under the leadership of the KPJ/KPH, and all key political and state functions were carried out by the members of the KPJ/KPH.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Temelji ideologije i tehnologije preuzimanja vlasti u Jugoslaviji 1944.-1945. godine

Temelji ideologije i tehnologije preuzimanja vlasti u Jugoslaviji 1944.-1945. godine
(Fundamenta l ideology and technology in the takeover of government in Yugoslavia in 1944-1945)

  • Author(s):Jera Vodušek Starič
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:25-36
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Summary/Abstract:The author contends that it is necessary to have a good understanding of the ideological basis on which the construction of a socialist state was then taking place in order to understand all the complicated levels on which the takeover of government by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) occurred during the war and in the years 1945-1946. This basis in the widest sense was the theoretical work whose aim was to delineate a new proletarian state, and that was Lenin’s State and Revolution of 1917. Stalin, as Lenin’s «sole rightful» heir, praised and awarded that work with great authority in the 1930s. In this context, the author analyzes the phases by which Yugoslavia became a one-party state during 1945 in which all the levers of power and society was in the hands of the KPJ. Special attention is paid to developments in Slovenia and Croatia. In this sense the author draws attention to the fact the the communists did not only settle accounts with all those who did not belong to their political party, but that in an effort to create a centralized and unified Yugoslavia many leaders of the party from these two federal states suffered. Following the creation of AVNOJ as the apex of federalization, the attempt at centralization that followed led to conflict with the concepts that were winning over Slovenia and Croatia under the aegis of SNOS and ZAVNOH already in 1944. That is why the party leadership of Slovenia and Croatia was disciplined in the fall of 1944. At the end of this process, in December 1945, the Central Committee of the KPJ called the Central Committees of the Communist Parties of Slovenia and Croatia to talks in Belgrade. In settling accounts with poltical opponents the OZN (Odjeljenje za zaštitu naroda – Department of National Defense) and the judiciary (especially the extraordinary courts and the military courts) played a key role. Indeed, the OZN was by decree of the party the main executor of the party in the process of taking power. The manner in which government was taken ensured a monopoly of power to the party, while the methods used were very similar to those used in the Soviet Union.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Pamćenje i kultura povijesnog mišljenja – baština hrvatskog antifašizma 1945.-2005.

Pamćenje i kultura povijesnog mišljenja – baština hrvatskog antifašizma 1945.-2005.
(Memor y and the culture of Historical Thought – the heritage of Croatian antifascism 1945-2005)

  • Author(s):Drago Roksandić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Cultural history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:37-44
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Summary/Abstract:In recent decades, with the development of ≪new cultural history≫, issues around ≪memory≫, ≪remberance≫, but also ≪forgetting≫, have become central to understanding the human experience of the past, present, and future. The Second World War is the turning point with which issues of human and civil rights and international law step by step begin to attain global civil rights. Thus the relations to the heritage of the Second World War can become more personalized, on the side of the war≫s ≪winners≫ as on the side of its ≪losers≫. Since fascism was not a Croatian ≪invention≫, the articulation of Croatian antifascism was above all reactive, regardless of whether its Italian or any other European influences are considered in the period prior to 1941. Croatian antifascism had to confront quite a large number of challenges; it had to address quite a large number of outstanding issues, which in and of itself multiplied the preconditions for an exclusive antifascist alternative that would ultimately, independently of the variety of ≪tactical≫ accomodations to other antifascist tendencies, whether they be radical, that is communist. Only a scholarly coming to terms with the reality of fascist practice, that is, antifascism in its concrete historical circumstances, therefore, with the appropriate attention paid to context, is qualified to answer the questions posed, and that means presenting interpretive distinctions.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Počinje li 1945. zapravo 1917.? – Historikerstreit

Počinje li 1945. zapravo 1917.? – Historikerstreit
(Does 1945 reall y begin in 1917? – Historikerstreit)

  • Author(s):Tihomir Cipek
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Between Berlin Congress and WW I, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:45-57
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Summary/Abstract:In recognition of the 1986 debate termed the ≪Historikerstreit,≫ an attempt will be made to analyze and discuss the thesis of the German historian Ernst Nolte, wherein the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 is seen as directly responsible for the emergence of Nazism and the Second World War, and its consequences in 1945. The article will show all the relevant points in the debate with emphasis paid to the conclusions of Ernst Nolte, Andreas Hillgruber, Jurgen Habermas, Ernst Jackel and Stefan Merl. The debate was conducted around three questions: first, did Nazi concentration camps represent a unique crime which cannot be compared to any other mass crime in history, or, should they be compared to the Bolshevik Gulags. Second, should Hitler≪s invasion of the USSR be interpreted as preventative defense or as a racially motivated war. Third, can the fierce defense the Germans put up against the Red Army in 1945 be interpreted as a defense of the concentration camps or as a patriotic act, that is to say, can we describe the Soviet invasion of Germany in 1945 as a liberation? This review and analysis of the 1986 debate among German historians is seen as an interpretation of the ties between communist and Nazi totalitarianism, the notion of ≪revisionism≫ in historical sciences, and the influence of historiography on the formation of democratic political culture. The debate demonstrated the unavoidable political function of historical scholarship which creates differing interpretations of the same events from the past and sheds light on important methodological terms of reference in historiography. The author concluded that 1945 did not begin in 1917; while Bolshevik terror may precede Nazi terror chronologically, it does not do so causally.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Značenje godine 1945. u hrvatskoj povijesti i osvetnički gnjev

Značenje godine 1945. u hrvatskoj povijesti i osvetnički gnjev
(The meaning of 1945 in Croatian History and the wrath of Revenge)

  • Author(s):Ivo Goldstein
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History
  • Page Range:59-73
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Price: 4.50 €
Politički procesi u Hrvatskoj neposredno nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata

Politički procesi u Hrvatskoj neposredno nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata
(Political Trials in Croatia Immediately after the Second World War)

  • Author(s):Nada Kisić Kolanović
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, History, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, History of Law, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:75-96
  • No. of Pages:22
  • Summary/Abstract:Political and cultural changes in Croatia immediately after the conclusion of the Second World War in 1945 and the early years of communist rule created a new historical reality which transformed the basis of the legal system. The concept of ≪rights≫ and ≪justice≫ in this system did not primarily rest on ≪normative≫ categories, rather on ≪political≫ ones. At the same time, the concept of socialist legality≫ enabled the courts to ≪creatively≫ change laws. Along with this, the very concept of criminal activities was based on ≪material, rather than ≪normative≫ concepts which demanded a precise description of the act in law that led to many infractions in judicial practice at the expense of the rights of the accused. From 1945 to 1950, the first period of the communist Yugoslavian state, although the legal system was not defecient in laws, during this 5 year span the National Assembly of the Federated People’s Republics of Yugoslavia (FNRJ) enacted more than 200 basic laws. A new criminal code was introduced in 1951 which in the domain of criminal law was codified on a relatively modern expert basis. Nevertheless, it is important to point out that courts were not tied to legal norms, that is ≪to the letter of the law≫, but to the ≪notion and spirit of socialist law≫. When dealing with the concept of ≪socialist legality≫ we necessarily encounter the political trials which were carried out of leaders of the defeated Independent State of Croatia, Church dignitaries and ideological opponents of communism who belonged to the bourgeois political parties. Historical documentation supports the conclusion that these trials enabled the communist government to carry out a specific type of ideological violence. In political trials the judiciary was put in a situation where it negated formal legalities, and because of this the Yugoslav concept of punishing ≪war crimes≫ at the time received international criticism. Thus a large number of extradition demands of Yugoslavian citizens were disputed because the regime was suspected of using charges of war crimes to settle political scores.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Uloga Ozne u preuzimanju vlasti u Hrvatskoj 1945.

Uloga Ozne u preuzimanju vlasti u Hrvatskoj 1945.
(The Role of the OZN in the communist takeover of power in Croatia in 1945)

  • Author(s):Zdenko Radelić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:97-122
  • No. of Pages:26
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper analyzes the work of the Odjeljenje za zaštitu naroda (OZN – Department of National Defense), the information and intelligence service of the Yugoslavian Armed Forces under the leadership and full control of the Communist Party, in the takeover of government after the conquest of designated areas in the territory of Croatia, especially the larger cities. In the period which preceded the takeover of government, the OZN placed the greatest emphasis on the collection of information about the condition of its enemies and potential opponents, the assignments of the most important officers of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and the Ustaša organization, the members of the Croat Peasant Party (HSS) and other political parties, the supporters of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and collaborators of the Third Reich, as well as the disposition of units of the NDH and the Third Reich. It especially monitored the disposition of units in cities, their streets and buildings and plans of defense. One section of the OZN produced a file listing those who were to be arrested and have their property seized. In cooperation with other state institutions of Federal Croatia, it elaborated plans for the operation of state and municipal bodies and productive and service organizations, in order to ensure the uninterrupted flow of daily life. At the end of the war and during the consolidation of the new government, the most attention was paid to the HSS and the Intelligence Service of Great Britain. The work is based on the reports of the OZN, which are held at the Croatian State Archive.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Politika kulture, ideologijsko mapiranje , zasjeci

Politika kulture, ideologijsko mapiranje , zasjeci
(The politics of culture, ideological mapping, cuts)

  • Author(s):Biljana Kašić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Cultural history, Sociology, Recent History (1900 till today), Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure , Sociology of Culture, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
  • Page Range:123-135
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Summary/Abstract:The author analyzes cultural changes that took place during the socialist period in Croatia – in the context of Yugoslavia as it was at the time, especially from 1945 to 1952. In this regard, she attempted to sketch out certain questions and cultural conflicts which were operative in the ideological framework of the time, such as partymindedness, that is to say revolutionary tendencies in culture as the public characteristic of culture. Party-mindedness is demonstrated by execution of the ≪strict dictate of the party line≫; the criteria of truth and progress, or meta-aesthetic criteria, were characterized by ≪specific≫ knowledge, ideology, creativity. The purpose of party-mindedness was not only to bring ideology to its fulfillment, but its partiality was demanded, and the goal of the communist party in power was to implement its muli-layered ideology in practice, or purely in terms of intent. Often the party political principle was incompatible with totalitarian methods. The author thus relied on a few basic points of opposition within Croatian political culture and culture generally. The author looked at three paradigmatic examples: the symbolic structure of South Slav unity, the relationship to tradition, and the orientation to cultural thought in Europe, contained within the metaphorical saying ≪suspicious west≫.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Poslijeratni komunistički sustav i javno ponašanje

Poslijeratni komunistički sustav i javno ponašanje
(The Postwar Communist system and Public Behaviour)

  • Author(s):Ljubomir Antić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, Government/Political systems, Political behavior, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism
  • Page Range:137-145
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Summary/Abstract:The author directs his attention at the public behaviour of individuals and groups within the context of the totalitarian communist system of Socialist Yugoslavia. In imitation of the Soviet system, the postwar communist regime in Yugoslavia had as its goal the total control and direction of society and individuals. Proceeding uncompromisinly it killed every hope of the possibility of change. Constructing a closed society, the system did not create the opportunity for choice. From the middle of 1945, those who did not accept a totalitarian Yugoslavian government as their own, in order to survive, had to adapt. The most common form was to act under false pretenses: individuals kept their own convictions to themselves, but out of oportunism they presented themselves in public according to the demands of the ≪new times.≫ The new situation was especially reflected in family life. Double upbringing: private at home and public in kindergarten and school, was a common occurence in this era. Religion, but also spirituality in general, were relegated to family and church (sacristy). Artists were especially challenged to conform to the official style – socialist realism. Public manners and style came under the powerful influence of the ruling ideology. Official unidimensional reality fell upon human spirits like a uniform grayness. People lived in the same gray apartment blocks in identical apartments. The village too had to accept on uniformity. In creating the new man, weak as he was, the citizen had to surrender to the subject, and the integral person to the homo duplex, or the man without a chest.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Ideologijska rekonstrukcija hrvatskog antifašizma : primjer Istre

Ideologijska rekonstrukcija hrvatskog antifašizma : primjer Istre
(Ideological Reconstruction of Croatian antifascism : the example of Istria)

  • Author(s):Darko Dukovski
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Between Berlin Congress and WW I, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:147-165
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Summary/Abstract:Antifascism in Istria is a complex historical and political phenomenon which carries within itself various social, national, cultural and political motives. It is not ideogically and politically, nor socially and nationally, unique. It was not a unique movement, not even among a group of politically active citizens. From its origins at the beginning of the 1920s, it contained a wide panoply of motives, aims and social supporters. Antifascism in Istria was at the same time urban and rural, Italian and Croatian-Slovenian, clerical and atheist, anti-communist and pro-communist. In such variety antifascism appears in Istria almost at the same time as the establishment of the first fascist organizations. It appeared first of all in opposition to fascist violence, and afterward as opposition to the violent national assimilation of Istrian Croats as well as opposition to social and class oppression. Its motives and activities overlap and achieve fuller expression. Even in the two greatest instances of armed antifascist uprising that occurred in the prewar era, the Republic of Labin and the revolt in Proština, both in 1921, these components are interwoven. It can be concluded that Istrian antifascist resistance was a constant which appeared relatively early, before fascism came to power, in rather varied forms and among various social, national and political factors which would significantly influence the political life of interwar Istria, but also the period of the war in which the most important social and politcal turning point occurred. Croatian antifascism was especially united during World War Two and despite minor disturbances remained committed to the same course of struggle against fascism and promotion of national unification and liberation. It was only after the liberation that it split along the lines of reaction to the communist (Bolshevik) system and the issue of relations with the Catholic Church.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Između kralja, poglavnika i maršala

Između kralja, poglavnika i maršala
(Between the King, the Poglavnik and the Marshal)

  • Author(s):Tvrtko Jakovina
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Diplomatic history, Military history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:169-185
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Summary/Abstract:The author attempts to situate that watershed year that concluded the Second World War in the context of world history and show what it meant for the development of Croatia and Yugoslavia. He focusses on the relations among the Allies regarding the disagreement concerning Tito, especially the plans from the end of 1943 to the beginning of 1944 in which Ivan Šubašić was to be inserted in Croatian territory in order to influence Croat Peasant Party sympathizers to transfer their allegiance to the ≪Partisan flag≫, as recorded in the documents of the British Foreign Office. From 1944, Ivan Šubašić was the key element in the British and American governments≫ attempt to decommunize the character of Josip Broz’s Partisan movement and ensure a multiparty, democratic and federal consitutional monarchy in Yugoslavia. Josip Broz Tito determined matters on the ground; he was unwilling to accept the decisions made between Moscow and London, or those in Yalta, although he was not entirely negative. In addition, the author points out the Soviet strategy for the gradual communization of Eastern Europe, as well as the American consent to Moscow obtaining a security zone along the borders of the USSR, and how this pertains to the circumstances in Yugoslavia. The relations within the Independent State of Croatia and the relations of Hitler and Pavelić were unimportant to the political solution of Croatia’s or Yugoslavia’s future.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Britanski pogled na Hrvatsku 1945.: politika i društvo

Britanski pogled na Hrvatsku 1945.: politika i društvo
(The Communist Government and British Diplomacy in 1945)

  • Author(s):Katarina Spehnjak
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Diplomatic history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism
  • Page Range:187-201
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Summary/Abstract:Diplomatic relations between Britain and Yugoslavia in 1945 encapsulated all their past and future conflicts: traditional British orientation and interests as opposed to a pragmatism dictated by political realism and the evolution of Yugoslavian politics equally conditioned by its dominant factor – the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) and its position as a small country at a time of global turmoil. At the end of the war British and Allied Military interest became less important in the face of a new geopolitical strategy which rested on the division of Europe and the world into two blocks. Even if at the time he decided to support Tito and the Partisans Churchill believed that it was not important if they wanted to introduce Communism – because the British ≪‘won’t be living there’≫ – in 1945 it was characterized by this factor. This can be seen in terms of the questions of support for UNRRA, the Tito – Šubašić, the problem of Istria and Trieste, and the extradition of war crimes. Yugoslavia, in an effort to obtain international recognition of the NOP (Narodnooslobodilački pokret – National Liberation Movement) accepted concessions in internal-political matters which in any case were quickly shown to be temporary. Although politically within the orbit of the USSR, the new Yugoslavia did not receive support from it on some critical foreign-political issues. When the resignation of minister Ivan Šubašić, the British trump card, occurred on the eve of the elections to the Constituent Assembly of the new Yugoslavia, and when the opposition – disabled by the regime but also by internal divisions – declined to engage in a political struggle, Britain, after experiencing initial discomfort at the unexpected turn of events, decided not to break off relations with Yugoslavia. Nonetheless, in solving certain future problems, Britain retained elements of its earlier policy. In British diplomatic reports Croatia, along with Serbia, was the main ≪≫bulwark of opposition,≫≫ especially important in this regard were the Croat Peasant Party, the Catholic Church, and the peasantry as powerful forces. The estimation that support for the new government was somewhere between 10-20% conflicts with the strong electoral showing of the National Front. Even if repression by the regime is held to play a large role in this support, the avoidance tactics and lost opportunities on the part of opposition leaders reveal a number of characteristic political and cultural stereotypes, from which the leaders of the communists are not immune either. The bulk of this article rests on this issue.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Saveznički zračni napadi na Zagreb i okolicu 1945. godine

Saveznički zračni napadi na Zagreb i okolicu 1945. godine
(Allied air attacks on Zagreb and its environs in 1945)

  • Author(s):Marica Karakas Obradov
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:203-219
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Summary/Abstract:Allied Air forces became an important factor in the military and political consideration of the territory of the Independent State of Croatia after the autumn of 1943, when they established bases in Southern Italy. At first, Allied Air forces struck at the territory of Dalmatia, but afterward they expanded their activities to the north. Zagreb and its environs were situated on the path of Allied Airforces directed at southern Germany, Austria and Hungary, consequently during 1944 and 1945 they were considered secondary targets, though sometimes they also became direct targets. In this period Allied Airforces bombed Zagreb, in varying degrees of intensity, 21 times, 11 of these attacks came in 1945, while the environs of the city were bombed or fired upon 44 times, 29 of those occurred in 1945. In these attacks, 554 persons (516 civilians, 38 soldiers) were killed, and 790 persons (741 civilians and 49 soldiers) were wounded. National Defense units carried the burden of the passive antiaircraft defense of people and property in Zagreb, while in the environs fire-fighters fulfilled this function. Zagreb and its environs, as was the case with all the other targets on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia, were attacked from the air for military-strategic reasons, as well as to break the morale of the population. The cost of these attacks was borne most often by the civilian population who paid for them with their lives and material goods.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Glasine o «Trećem svjetskom ratu » ili «novom preokretu» u Hrvatskoj 1945. godine

Glasine o «Trećem svjetskom ratu » ili «novom preokretu» u Hrvatskoj 1945. godine
(Rumours of a «Third World War» or a «New Upheaval» in Croatia in 1945)

  • Author(s):Nikica Barić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Military history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:221-229
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Summary/Abstract:On the basis of archival sources and literature, this article demonstrates how a variety of rumours spread widely in Croatia during 1945 about the supposed eruption of a new world war, the Third World War, which, it was believed, would lead to a new upheaval in the foundations of the existing political and military conditions. Supporters of the Independent State of Croatia, saw in these rumours the last chance to avoid total defeat. On the other hand Partisans and communists believed these rumours were an attempt to destabilize the regime they established to recreate the Yugoslav state.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Postupak komunista prema vjerskim službenicima , osobito pripadnicima Katoličke crkve nakon rata

Postupak komunista prema vjerskim službenicima , osobito pripadnicima Katoličke crkve nakon rata
(Communist Treatment of Religious Officials , especially Catholic clergy after the war)

  • Author(s):Jure Krišto
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism
  • Page Range:231-255
  • No. of Pages:25
  • Summary/Abstract:The communists used the war to introduce a totalitarian system of rule. When the Comunist Party of Yugoslavia (Komunistička partija Jugoslavije – KPJ) became aware that the Partisan units which it was leading and using for its ideological purposes would be victorious, it began to implement a more repressive system of organization. On 13 May 1944, in Drvar, Josip Broz Tito signed a document establishing the Odjeljenja zaštite naroda (OZN – State Security Service), as an intelligence and counter-intelligence service. Aleksandar Ranković, a member of the Central Committee (CK) of the KPJ, was placed at its head. He was directly subordinated to the commander-in-chief and president of the National Committee, Tito, by which the total dependence of the OZN to the communist party was ensured. The power of the OZN was increased the moment the Korpus narodne obrane Jugoslavije (KNOJ - The National Defense Corps of Yugoslavia) was created, a military formation directly subordinated to the commander-in-chief, because it assisted the OZN in the pacification of newly ≪liberated≫ territories. Even during the war the party eliminated its enemies, ideological opponents, and those suspected of disloyalty. The party went about this task more systematically after the war: it settled accounts with members of the formations of the Croatian armed forces (homeguards and ustašas) as well as many civilians who retreated to the west along with the army, who surrendered or were forced to surrender in the border territories between Austria and Slovenia; by means of many commissions for war crimes it killed or imprisoned many ideological opponents; by establishing camps it began a programme of ideological reeducation; and with an all-pervasive propaganda it created a climate of fear and insecurity. Military courts had served the communists during the course of the war as a means to remove political opponents. These were constitued by a ≪Decree concerning military courts≫ passed on 24 May 1944. After the end of the war these courts would cooperate with the activities of the OZN, KNOJ, and the Comission for War Crimes unified by the attempt to eliminate all potential political opponents. On 29 June 1945, the Military Court of the Command of the City of Zagreb sentenced a group 58 persons, among whom there were 14 religious officials. They included three leaders of religious communities: Germogen Maksimov, metropolitan of the Croatian Orthodox Church, Filip Popp, the bishop of the German evangelical church, and Ismet Muftić, the imam and muftija of the Islamic community. Among the lesser religious personnel, five Catholic priests (Kerubin Šegvić, Ivo Guberina, Timka Ivan – Greek-Catholic, Stjepan Kramar and Radoslav Glavaš), one former Catholic priest (Miroslav Filipović-Majstorović), one bishop (Mifka Spiridion) and four priests of the Croatian Orthodox Church (Serafim Kupčevski, Dimitrije Mrihin and Joco Cvijanović) as well as one deacon (Aleksej Borisov). To this it must be added that two nuns were sentenced to death, while one was sentenced to a term of imprisonment with a number of other Croatian women. By their sentences the author illustrates the modus operandi and character of communist courts. This was a threat to and a revenge against those who were not prepared to accept communist ideology and the communist party as the only political force in the land.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Politika komunističkog režima u Jugoslaviji prema vjerskim zajednicama 1945. godine

Politika komunističkog režima u Jugoslaviji prema vjerskim zajednicama 1945. godine
(The Politics of the communist regime in Yugoslavia toward religious communities in 1945)

  • Author(s):Miroslav Akmadža
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:257-270
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Summary/Abstract:During 1945 important changes in the status o religious communities occurred, first in the territories under Partisan control, and after the conclusion of the war, in the whole territory of the newly established communist state of Yugoslavia. Compared to the previous regime, the policy of the communist government toward religious communities changed in important ways, which resulted in distrust among religious communities toward the new leadership. Fear of the new regime’s policies as far as religion and religious communities were concerned was quickly realized, as it set about making a harsh account of the leaders of the most numerous religious communities, along with the clergy in general.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Folksdojčeri u Hrvatskoj 1945.

Folksdojčeri u Hrvatskoj 1945.
(The Volksdeutsch in Croatia in 1945)

  • Author(s):Vladimir Geiger
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism
  • Page Range:271-287
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Summary/Abstract:In the last stages of the Second World War, the majority of Croatian Volkdeutsch, as a result of wartime developments, left or were driven from their homes, primarily for Austria and Germany, but also to the territory of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary and Italy, where they stayed until the end of the war. Only those Volkdeutsch that were not exposed to the danger of direct warfare remained in their homeland. At the end of 1944 and the beginning of 1945, the Partisan movement and the newly established ≪people’s≫ government began the expulsion of the remaining Volkdeutsch from Yugoslavia, and thus also Croatia. The AVNOJ (Anti-Fascist Council of People≫s Liberation of Yugoslavia) Presidential decree of 21 November 1944 contributed to this especially, by proclaiming the members of the German minority guilty collectively. The German population that did not escape was henceforth and immediately after the end of warfare given over to the capriciousness of the victors. After the Second World War, the communist government in Yugoslavia suspended the national and civil rights of members of the German minority. Victims of collective reprisal included those Volkdeutsch who could prove their participation in the Partisan movement, or at least support of it. The communist government of Yugoslavia no longer considered refugee and exiled Volkdeutsch as citizens of Yugoslavia. They intended on expelling the remaining Volkdeutsch from Yugoslavia. The Yugoslavian government adopted the position of forbidding the exiled and refugee Volkdeutsch from returning to the country. Most simply, along with the confiscation of German property, this created the opportunity for a radical change in relations of ownership and the ethnic make-up of society. As well, a large number of Croatian Volkdeutsch who left or were forced to leave their homeland at the end of the war were prevented from returning to Yugoslavia. One part of the Croatian Volkdeutsch were immediately exiled to Austria. Since the expulsion of Volkdeutsch from Yugoslavia due to the sealing of the borders with Austria, Italy, and Hungary on the part of the Allied occupying powers after the middle of July closed this option, the majority of Volkdeutsch were relegated to camps and forced labour. At least 10 000 to 18 000 of the remaining 20 000 Croatian Volkdeutsch remained interned in camps after the sealing of the Austrian border and the moratorium on accepting refugees from Yugoslavia in the summer of 1945. Following their release from thesecamps and the reopening of the borders, the majority of Croatian and Yugoslavian Volkdeutsch emigrated during the 1950s and 1960s to Austria and Germany.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Etiketa «ustaštva » kao izgovor za progon političkih protivnika u poslijeratnoj Hrvatskoj

Etiketa «ustaštva » kao izgovor za progon političkih protivnika u poslijeratnoj Hrvatskoj
(The label of «ustašism » as an excuse for the oppresion of political opponents from postwar Croatia)

  • Author(s):Mario Jareb
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:289-304
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Summary/Abstract:May 1945 brought the victory of the Partisan movement and the establishment of a new communist totalitarianism on Croatian territory. The new regime decided categorically to settle accounts with anyone who could possibly create difficulties with the implementation of their intended revolutionary changes. Following the example of Soviet practice, Yugoslavian communists turned all means at their disposal to a massive settling of accounts with all their enemies. To the public they justified this as a necessary punishment of war crimes. Consequently they wanted to portray all their opponents in the worst possible way, without regard to their actual responsibility for events that transpired during the war. Communist propaganda aimed at fomenting hatred of designated enemies. Special attention was paid to those individuals and groups who could by no criteria be labelled Ustaša or Ustaša collaborators. In many cases this was the public tarnishing of potential opponents (The Croat Peasant Party and the Catholic Church). This was a rather widespread occurence, which for certain individuals and groups ordinarily had drastic consequences. If these types of practices were predominant in the immediate postwar period, they did not disappear altogether later on. Thus, in the case of the Franciscans of Široki Brijeg, there was an attempt to hide one≫s own crimes in accusations directed at others.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Saveznički izbjeglički logori počeci otpora hrvatske političke emigracije komunističkom režimu u domovini / logor Fermo/

Saveznički izbjeglički logori počeci otpora hrvatske političke emigracije komunističkom režimu u domovini / logor Fermo/
(Allied Refugee Camps The beginnings of the Croatian political emigration ’s opposition to the communist regime in the homeland (camp Fermo ))

  • Author(s):Berislav Jandrić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Military history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:305-322
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Summary/Abstract:After the collapse of the Independent State of Croatia and the unsuccessful surrender to the Allies at Bleiburg, many Croats found safe shelter in the Allied refugee camps in Austria, Italy, Germany, and so on. After getting over the initial period of shock, the Croatian political emigration began to organize, drawing up plans to take action to bring down the communist regime in the homeland and reestablish the Independent State. Camp Fermo in Italy, even if by land the furthest distance from the homeland, was the center which held the greatest number of Croatian intellectuals, emigrants, and also individuals of other social classes who were the first proponents and organizers of opposition to the existing communist regime in Yugoslavia.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Jasenovac 1945.

Jasenovac 1945.
(Jasenovac 1945.)

  • Author(s):Mario Kevo
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:323-337
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Summary/Abstract:The author discusses the camp at Jasenovac in 1945, that is to say, the article deals with certian events tied to the Ustaša camp at Jasenovac up to the escape of inmates in April 1945. A review of events is given from the liberation of this territory by the Yugoslavian Army and the arrival of the Provincial Commission of Croatia to confirm the crimes of the occupiers and their collaborators. The last portion of the article briefly describes the issues regarding the activities of the camp during the war; an appendix to the article introduces several eyewitness accounts and other documents.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Izvještaji Zemaljske komisije za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača na području Bjelovara od 1944. do 1947. godine

Izvještaji Zemaljske komisije za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača na području Bjelovara od 1944. do 1947. godine
(The Reports of the National Commission for the Confirmation of crimes of the Occupiers and their Collaborators in the Region of Bjelovar from 1944 to 1947)

  • Author(s):Martina Grahek Ravančić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:339-355
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Summary/Abstract:The Moscow Conference at which the Decree concering war crimes was tabled, as well as the creation of the International Commission for War Crimes, spurred the establishment of the State Commission for the Confirmation of the crimes of the Occupiers and their assistants on 20 October 1943 in London. Its mandate was to control the work of the National Commissions. This article is based on archival materials which analyze the organization and activity of the National Commission for the Confirmation of the crimes of the Occupiers and Collaborators in the environs of Bjelovar in the period from 1944 to 1947. The documents collected attempt to establish the crimes committed against Serbs, Jews, Roma and other individuals from the environs of Bjelovar during the time of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH). Many functionaries of the NDH regime and members of judicial institutions are named as perpetrators responsible for the crimes.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Politički i vojni oblici četništva u Hrvatskoj 1945. godine

Politički i vojni oblici četništva u Hrvatskoj 1945. godine
(The Political and Military Aspects of Chetnikism in Croatia in 1945)

  • Author(s):Zdravko Dizdar
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Historical revisionism
  • Page Range:357-381
  • No. of Pages:25
  • Summary/Abstract:The Chetnik movement on Croatian territory in 1941-1945 began on the foundations of a prewar movement with the same name, but it was politically and militarily formed and developed on specifc Croatian territories gradually and at different times as part of a larger united Chetnik movement on the whole of the territory of the former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was first a collaborationist movement under the protection and within the system of the Italian occupation forces and administration (1941-1943), and then afterward under German forces (1943-1945); these forced it to cooperate with the authorites of the Independent State of Croatia. It was also accepted by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia≫s government-in-exile and King Petar II, as well as the British government and the western Allies, receiving from them official recognition and help right until the end of the war as a resistance movement, regardless of its collaboration. The attitude of the Chetnik movement toward Croatia and Croats stemmed from its state-creating programme, its political aims, and the military and political balance of forces on its territory and abroad during the course of the war, that is, from 1941 to 1945. According to the state-creating programme of Draža Mihailović, the leader of the Chetnik movement in the country and accepted by the royal government-in-exile in London, the basic political aim of the Chetnik movement headed by the King was the creation of a ≪Greater Yugoslavia and within it a Great Serbia, ethnically homogenous within its boundaries≫ from Serbia to Slovenia, leaving behind a ≪little Croatia≫ including only the northeast part around Zagreb, Krapina and Varaždin, with the old political system, headed by a king supported by Chetnik terror. The programme of creating such an ethnically pure ≪Great Serbia≫ on the territory of Croatia was continuously carried out during the whole war with the assistance of armed Chetnik units (4th Chetnik Corps, 1st division/dinaric/, 32 brigade and 2nd regiment), which were formed by Serbs from Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Hercegovina by ethnic extermination. They uprooted Croat and other national minorities and ideological enemies (particularily of members of the anti-fascist Partisan movement, without regard to their ethnic origins including here those Serbs who did not support their Great Serbian programme and methods), utilizing in this capacity cooperation with the Italian fascist and German Nazi occupiers as well as the Ustaša government of the Independent State of Croatia. This was the most massive instance of Serb collaboration in Croatia during the war and a type of Serbian fascism. Thus the Chetnik movement from the beginning and as a whole was, according to its national system and political program, a Great Serbian Nationalist movement, and likewise a anti- Croat movement. By not distinguishing between Croatian Ustaše and Croatian anti fascist elements, it delayed the Croatian people the right to their statehood in the greater part of its national and historical territory carrying out from these the eradication of Croats. Their genocidal politics, due to strong resistance from the people, failed in the end because of the political judgment of democratic public opinion worldwide, and military defeat and destruction at home.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Djelovanje obavještajne službe Nezavisne Države Hrvatske i Odjeljenja za zaštitu naroda (OZNA) krajem Drugog svjetskog rata

Djelovanje obavještajne službe Nezavisne Države Hrvatske i Odjeljenja za zaštitu naroda (OZNA) krajem Drugog svjetskog rata
(The activity of Intelligence Services of the Independent State of Croatia and the Odjeljenje za zaštitu naroda (State Security Police - the OZN) at the end of the Second World War)

  • Author(s):Davor Kovačić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:383-397
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Summary/Abstract:Totalitarian regimes maintain security/intelligence services to use against foreign enemies, but the majority of their energies and potential are directed in dealing with internal opponents of the regime or specifically defined groups. After the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) by legal decree on 4 May 1941, the Ravnateljstvo za javni red i sigurnost (Directorate for Public Order and Security – RAVSIGUR) was created as the regular policing body of the NDH with Eugen Dido Kvaternik as its director. RAVSIGUR was formed as the unified organization of all police districts in NDH, responsible for overlooking all types of security services. At the same time, Eugen Dido Kvaternik began creating a special, independent Ustaša police force, the Ustaška nadzorna službu (Ustaša Serveillance Service – UNS). The UNS, which was the special police force of the Ustaša movement, was created in order to monitor and control the activity of all regular policing bodies and all other institutions of the NDH. The Glavno ravnateljstvo za javni red i sigurnost (Chief Directorate for Public Order and Security – GRAVSIGUR) emerged from the joining of RAVSIGUR to the UNS only at the beginning of 1943, even though the name was promulgated by a decree of 16 October 1942. One of the main reasons for the establishment of this police/ security body, its strengthening, and the creation of a number of other police forces was the growing strength of the Narodnooslobodilački pokret (People≫s Liberation Movement – NOP). From the beginning of 1943, reports and analysis of individual bodies and institutions in the NDH demonstrate the constant growth of the Partisan movement across the whole territroy of the NDH and the corresponding contraction and weakening of the position of the Ustaša regime regardless of which countermeasures it took. Organizationally, politically and in terms of success the Partisan security service was getting increasingly more powerful, becoming the main opponent of the NDH security services, which were less and less able to meet their challenge on the territory they were contending over. As the communist government began to constitute itself, and as the war drew to a close, so the regime became increasingly authoritarian and gradually even totalitarian. The government was taken over following the pattern of Soviet bolshevism and Stalinism.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Obračun s «narodnim neprijateljem » u Međimurju 1945.

Obračun s «narodnim neprijateljem » u Međimurju 1945.
(Settling the Score with «enemies of the People » in Međimurje in 1945)

  • Author(s):Goran Hutinec
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Military history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism
  • Page Range:399-414
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Summary/Abstract:Many important factors differentiate the fate of Međimurje from other Croatian regions during the course of the Second World War. At the end of the war, Međimurje was territorially attached to the People≫s Republic of Croatia, and the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija – DFJ). These were not merely administrative-territorial changes, but deeper social changes. The new Yugoslavian state was established on the foundations of the National Liberation Movement (Narodnooslobodilački pokret – NOP), under the firm control of the KPJ (Komunistička partija Jugoslavije – Communist Party of Yugoslavia). One of the key processes which enabled the KPJ to impose its vision of political and social organization was the settling of scores with ≪enemies of the people≫, that is, the punishment of all those who were prominent in cooperating with the Tripartite Pact, and activities directed against the National Liberation Movement. Pronouncing political and military opponents enemies of the people became common practice in the communist-led Partisan movement relatively early on. In this way a blow was dealt to those who held opposite views and rivals who were put outside of the law and often threatened by execution without trial. During April 1945 there was no organized trials of enemies of the people. It appears that there were many cases of liquidation without trial. The documents that have been preserved suggest that the OZN (Odjeljenje za zaštitu naroda – the State Security Policy) prepared a list of individuals to be liquidated even before the liberation of Međimurje. These lists have not been preserved, so that it will never be possible to precisely deteremine the exact number or identity of the victims who suffered this fate at the time. Some of the enemies of the people were amnestied and allowed to go free before the death sentences were carried out. The first wave of amnesties came in the summer, when many who were arrested at the beginning of the liberation were freed. It is very hard to reconstruct the total number of people who paid the price of government repression during its settling of the score with “enemeis of the people.” A massive settling of scores with enemies of the people in Međimurje was concluded in the middle of 1946, even though sporadic cases continued to occur until the middle of 1947.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Tri sudbine hrvatskih nacionalnih intelektualaca: Vinko Krišković, Julije Makanec, Ivo Bogdan

Tri sudbine hrvatskih nacionalnih intelektualaca: Vinko Krišković, Julije Makanec, Ivo Bogdan
(The Three Fates of Croat National Intellectuals : Vinko Krišković, Julije Makanec, Ivo Bogdan)

  • Author(s):Višeslav Aralica
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Historical revisionism
  • Page Range:415-422
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Summary/Abstract:This article briefly presents the intellectual and political activity of three Croat intellectuals who experienced the collapse of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) as the collapse of their personal political aims: Vinko Krišković, Julije Makanec and Ivo Bogdan. Their varied fates reveal to us the full spectrum of thought on the Croatian Right before the creation of the NDH, during its existence, and after 1945. Vinko Krišković is a person whose work spans two historical eras, during which Croatia’s fate was determined within the framework of three different states – the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/ Yugoslavia, and NDH – and three different political systems. Julije Makanec and Ivo Bogdan represent the younger generation of Croat intellectuals who came of age in the Karađorđević monarchy. Their intellectual development can be characterized as the road to a critique of liberalism, the acceptance of totalitarianism, and ultimately its rejection and a principled return to liberal values, apparent especially in the works of Ivo Bogdan. The development of nationalism can be sensed in this progression as well, which links the three thinkers and provides a constant theme in their intellectual and political activities.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Politika podržavljenja poduzeća u vlasništvu stranaca na primjeru poduzeća Mustad d.d.

Politika podržavljenja poduzeća u vlasništvu stranaca na primjeru poduzeća Mustad d.d.
(The Polic y of supporting foreign-owned business enterprises as exemplified by the case of Mustad d.d.)

  • Author(s):Tomislav Anić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Economic history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism
  • Page Range:423-432
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Summary/Abstract:The author analyzes the process of supporting foreign owned buisness enterprises by examining the legal and political mechanisms of the process itself and the example of the Swedish corporation Mustad d.d.. This was one of the key issues of postwar economic life because it influenced the degree to which the development of the new system could proceed uninterrupted. Depending on the make-up of the ownership structure, the new government was committed to placing all small and large industries under its control at any cost, so that it could begin with the restructuring of the social and political system.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Zdravstvene prilike u Hrvatskoj neposredno nakon završetka Drugog svjetskog rata

Zdravstvene prilike u Hrvatskoj neposredno nakon završetka Drugog svjetskog rata
(Health Conditions in Croatia immediately following the end of World War II)

  • Author(s):Aleksandra Bednjanec Vuković
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), Health and medicine and law, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism
  • Page Range:433-449
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Summary/Abstract:The period at the end of World War II is characterized by various political, economic and social changes which had a multifaceted effect on health conditions as well. The aim of this study is to identify the basic changes in the field of medical services immediately after the end of the Second World War. Divided into sections, the work is concerned with the organization of medical services, paying particular attention to the status of communicable diseases, analysis of changes in the pharmaceutical services, and the acquisition of medicine as well as showing data on the activities and work of important instititions, especially the Medical Faculty and schools for middle and lower medical personnel. Besides consulting the available literature which deals with this issue, research was mostly carried out on the basis of articles published in the newspapers Vjesnik and Narodni list, as well as the generally reliable documents of the People’s Ministry of Health for the People’s Republic of Croatia from 1945 which are held at the Croatian State Archive in Zagreb.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Uloga Komande grada Zagreba u životu Grada prvih poslijeratnih mjeseci 1945. godine

Uloga Komande grada Zagreba u životu Grada prvih poslijeratnih mjeseci 1945. godine
(The Role of the Command of the City of Zagreb in the life of the city during the first postwar months in 1945)

  • Author(s):Iva Kraljević
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:451-461
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Summary/Abstract:This work attempts to review certain events in Zagreb during the first weeks after the conclusion of the war in 1945, that is, to point out the role the Command of the city of Zagreb, as the temporary city administration put in place by the Yugoslavian army, had in the life of the city in the first days after the end of the war. No serious research has been undertaken about the activities of the new and temporary city government in postwar Zagreb, only a few journalistic works have been published thus far. Due to the insufficient literature and the sparse archival materials in the Zagreb City Archive and the Croatian State Archive, journalistic publications, and articles from the newspapers Narodni list and Vjesnik were utilizied to write the article. Even though they were the main sources of information, it must be mentioned that the newspapers of the day, despite the fact that they were propagandistic, enable a faithful reconstruction of the first days in postwar Zagreb. The activities of the Command of the City of Zagreb can be classified into three categories. The first and most wide-ranging was related to the adiministration of city affairs, the second was maintaining discipline within the Yugoslavian Army in the city, and third was the activity of its Military Court.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Popis žrtava Drugog svjetskog rata , poraća i Domovinskoga rata . Rezultati i perspektive

Popis žrtava Drugog svjetskog rata , poraća i Domovinskoga rata . Rezultati i perspektive
(A catalogue of victims of the Second World War , the Postwar period and the Homeland War . Results and Perspectives)

  • Author(s):Josip Kolanović, Milan Pojić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
  • Page Range:463-471
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Summary/Abstract:Starting from the fact that the number of victims of the Second World War and the postwar era in Croatia has never been firmly established, and that a list of victims has never been compiled, in 2002 a scholarly research project entitled ≪Victims of the Second World War, the Postwar era and the Homeland War≫ was launched. The aim of the project was to create as precise a list of the victims of the Second World War, the Postwar period, and the Homeland War as is possible on the basis of existing lists, archival sources, published works, and other documents. Work up to this point projects the creation of an electronic database coordinated with existing databases and the data expected from other sources, which enables research into 19 out of a total of 26 elements, and the conversion and transfer of data from the 1964 census in Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina of over 417 000 entries/victims as well as the database of the Ministry of Croatian Veterans of the Republic of Croatia. Up to May 2004, 86 archival fonds and collections had been fully examined as had 58 publications (books, articles), and information about 85 148 victims had been entered into the electronic database.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Arhiv OZN-a s osvrtom na godinu 1945.

Arhiv OZN-a s osvrtom na godinu 1945.
(Archival Sources relating to the OZN in 1945)

  • Author(s):Diana Mikšić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Historical revisionism
  • Page Range:473-490
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Summary/Abstract:This article provides a brief overview of the creation and development of the state security service during the war, reviewing the system and scope of activity of the security service before its official formation as the Odjeljenja zaštite naroda (OZN – Department of National Defense) in May 1944, and follows its activities up to its restructuring in 1946. The article features the fond for OZN operations in Croatia stored in the Croatian State Archive, which numbers 49 archival boxes and 3 books. The fond has been inventoried and catalogued. A selection of the sources the fond contains for 1945 were presented to the conference to address its theme. Indeed, there is much interest in this period, and an examination of the sources can serve to advance scholarly research and personal or other needs.
  • Price: 4.50 €
Kazalo imena

Kazalo imena
(Index of personal names)

  • Author(s):Author Not Specified
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):History
  • Page Range:491-506
  • No. of Pages:16
Back to list
2024 © CEEOL. ALL Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions of use
ver2.0.10282
Toggle Accessibility Mode