Turkey's Syrians: Today and Tomorrow
Turkey's Syrians: Today and Tomorrow
Contributor(s): Deniz Eroğlu Utku (Editor), K. Onur Unutulmaz (Editor), Ibrahim Sirkeci (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, History, Social Sciences, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, General Reference Works, Geography, Regional studies
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: Turkey; Syrians; migration; refugees; immigrants; movement; mobility
Summary/Abstract: Turkey’s Syrians: Today and Tomorrow, edited by Deniz Eroğlu Utku, K. Onur Unutulmaz, Ibrahim Sirkeci is published by Transnational Press London. The book presents a selection of papers drawing on recent research on Syrian refugees in Turkey. Since the first arrival of Syrian refugees, the issue has sparked considerable national and international interest. Political discourses concentrated on state ‘generosities’ to provide protection to those coming from insecurities and possibilities to reduce ‘burden of refugees’ to receiving countries via international solidarity. While these concerns focus on effects of hosting refugees, what happens to refugees themselves, how they are affected by government policies and how they are perceived by host country people are questions yet to be answered. This book brings together a multidisciplinary set of contributions scrutinising the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey.
Series: Migration Series
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-1-910781-74-6
- Page Count: 254
- Publication Year: 2017
- Language: English
Syrian Communities in Turkey: Conflict Induced Diaspora
Syrian Communities in Turkey: Conflict Induced Diaspora
(Syrian Communities in Turkey: Conflict Induced Diaspora)
- Author(s):K. Onur Unutulmaz, Ibrahim Sirkeci, Deniz Eroğlu Utku
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Nationalism Studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:1-21
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Syrians; migration; Turkey; conflict model; insecurity;3D;
- Summary/Abstract:After 6 years, Syrian diaspora in Turkey and Europe has been capturing headlines. This edited volume offers insights and evidence to develop sound and responsible policies regarding this particular immigrant group and others.
- Price: 4.50 €
Biopolitical Problematic: Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Biopolitical Problematic: Syrian Refugees in Turkey
(Biopolitical Problematic: Syrian Refugees in Turkey)
- Author(s):Yaprak Civelek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Migration Studies
- Page Range:23-44
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Biopolitics; Syrians; Turkey; migration; insecurity
- Summary/Abstract:In Turkey, based on Geneva Convention in 1951 and Geneva Protocol in 1967, only those who come from European countries can be accepted as “refugees” by the government due to a geographical limitation. However, because of the increase in number of refugees in 1990s, a 1994 regulation revised the national law which was adopted in 1961.
- Price: 4.50 €
Deserving Refugee or Undeserving Migrant? The Politics of the Refugee Category in Turkey
Deserving Refugee or Undeserving Migrant? The Politics of the Refugee Category in Turkey
(Deserving Refugee or Undeserving Migrant? The Politics of the Refugee Category in Turkey)
- Author(s):Funda Ustek Spilda
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Migration Studies
- Page Range:45-59
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Syrians; Turkey; migration
- Summary/Abstract:According to the most recent UNICEF Turkey Report, “In 2015, Turkey became the largest refugee-hosting country in the world with approximately 2.5 million Syrians living under a temporary protection regime (UNICEF, 2015, p. 2) [stress added]. The terminology used in this excerpt from the report shows the duality of the categories used for Syrians in Turkey, utilised not only by Turkey itself, but also international bodies. What is striking is that the term ‘refugee’ has come to be almost equivocally used for Syrians who fled the war and sought refuge in Turkey, and not so much for any other groups.
- Price: 4.50 €
Civil Society and Syrian Refugees in Turkey: a Human Security Perspective
Civil Society and Syrian Refugees in Turkey: a Human Security Perspective
(Civil Society and Syrian Refugees in Turkey: a Human Security Perspective)
- Author(s):Helen Macreath, Utku Güngör, Sevin Gülfer Sağnıç
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Civil Society, Migration Studies
- Page Range:63-80
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Syrians; migration; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:Turkey adopted an open door policy soon after the arrival of the first Syrian refugees in spring 2011, which made it easy for them to enter the country. But having fled threats of violence and persecution in their own country, Syrians were quickly faced with new security threats in their host countries, with basic humanitarian needs such as food, shelter, healthcare services, and education being major issues. Despite the establishment of camps by the Turkish government, which numbered 26 by 2016 (Pinna, 2016), which provide multiple services, an estimated 90 percent of the Syrian population are living outside these for various reasons .
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Contesting Refugees in Turkey: Political Parties and the Syrian Refugees
Contesting Refugees in Turkey: Political Parties and the Syrian Refugees
(Contesting Refugees in Turkey: Political Parties and the Syrian Refugees)
- Author(s):Aslı Ilgit, Fulya Memişoğlu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Government/Political systems, Politics and society, Migration Studies
- Page Range:81-97
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Syrians; Turkey;refugees;
- Summary/Abstract:Political parties and their attitudes towards Refugees and Syrian refugees in Turkey are examined in this chapter.
- Price: 4.50 €
Syrian Refugees in a Slum Neighbourhood: Poor Turkish Residents Encountering the Other in Önder Neighbourhood, Altındağ, Ankara
Syrian Refugees in a Slum Neighbourhood: Poor Turkish Residents Encountering the Other in Önder Neighbourhood, Altındağ, Ankara
(Syrian Refugees in a Slum Neighbourhood: Poor Turkish Residents Encountering the Other in Önder Neighbourhood, Altındağ, Ankara)
- Author(s):Tahire Erman
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Social development, Social differentiation, Migration Studies
- Page Range:99-130
- No. of Pages:32
- Keywords:Ankara; Syrians; refugees; migration; Turkey;neighbourhood;
- Summary/Abstract:The significance of space/place in the experiences of people is recognized and theorized in the literature, pioneered by Henri Lefebvre (1991). People not only are affected by the place they live in, but also, as active agents, they can create their own place. In this process, spatial clustering, either voluntary or forced, may have an enabling effect both in economic and cultural terms in the former, or create conditions of exclusion and poverty in the latter (Marcuse, 1997). The clustering of rural-to-urban migrants on the peripheries of big cities as they build their gecekondus is well-documented in the Turkish context (e.g. Karpat, 1976; Gökçe, 1993; Erman, 2012), with some attention paid to its gendered outcomes (Erman, 1998). Today we are witnessing a new phenomenon in Turkey, which is about the clustering of people of a different nationality such as Syrian refugees in the slum/gecekondu neighbourhoods of Turkish cities.
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Comparative Analysis of Public Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkish Cities of Ankara and Hatay
Comparative Analysis of Public Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkish Cities of Ankara and Hatay
(Comparative Analysis of Public Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkish Cities of Ankara and Hatay)
- Author(s):Güneş Gökgöz, Alexa Arena, Cansu Aydin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Social differentiation, Nationalism Studies, Migration Studies, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:131-144
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Hatay; refugees; Syrians;Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:Out of 2.8 million Syrian refugees in Turkey, about 10% of these people reside in 22 refugee camps situated within Turkish cities (AFAD, 2013; UNHCR, 2016; Sirkeci, 2017). The remainder of the Syrian refugee population in Turkey lives in urban areas amongst the local population. Major cities such as Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, as well as the cities located on the Turkish-Syrian border such as Gaziantep and Hatay, host the highest numbers of refugees (Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM), 2016). Consequently, Syrian refugees are highly visible in most of the Turkish cities where they reside.
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Temporary Education Centres as a Temporary Solution for Educational Problems of Syrian Refugee Children in Mersin
Temporary Education Centres as a Temporary Solution for Educational Problems of Syrian Refugee Children in Mersin
(Temporary Education Centres as a Temporary Solution for Educational Problems of Syrian Refugee Children in Mersin)
- Author(s):Bilge Deniz Çatak
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:145-155
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Syrians; refugees; migration; Turkey; Mersin
- Summary/Abstract:In Syria, anti-regime demonstrations which started in March 2011 turned into violent conflicts and soon after a full-scale civil war broke out. The current situation of armed conflicts across Syria has caused widespread migration which makes Syria the world’s largest source country of refugees (UNHCR, 2014, 8). Before the conflict, the population of Syria was 20.7 million people (World Population Policies 2011, 491). Because of warfare in their countries 4.8 million Syrians were forced to leave their homes and sought protection especially in neighbouring countries such as Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt (UNHCR, 2016).
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Social Identity Motives, Boundary Definitions, and Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Social Identity Motives, Boundary Definitions, and Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkey
(Social Identity Motives, Boundary Definitions, and Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees in Turkey)
- Author(s):Nagihan Taşdemir
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:157-180
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Syrians; Turkey; migration; refugess
- Summary/Abstract:Research shows that definitions of in-group boundaries play an important role in the prediction of attitudes towards immigrants (Lödén, 2008; Meeus, Duriez, Vanbeselaere & Boen, 2010; Pehrson, Vignoles & Brown, 2009; Verkuyten & Martinoviç, 2015). These definitions in Turkey are conceptualized as national participation and national essentialism (Taşdemir & Öner-Özkan, 2016b; Taşdemir in press) although they have often been dimensioned as civic and ethnic/cultural definitions abroad (Reijerse, Van Acker, Vanbeselaere, Phalet & Duriez, 2013). National participation includes more inclusive criteria but is less likely to be associated with positive inter-group attitudes compared to national essentialism, which includes more exclusive criteria (Taşdemir & Öner-Özkan, 2016b; Taşdemir, in press). However, studies (e.g., Reijerse et al. 2013), conducted mostly in Western countries, show that civic or more inclusive definitions predict more positive attitudes towards the immigrants than ethnic/cultural or more exclusive definitions.
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Demographic Gaps between Syrian and the European Populations: What Do They suggest?
Demographic Gaps between Syrian and the European Populations: What Do They suggest?
(Demographic Gaps between Syrian and the European Populations: What Do They suggest?)
- Author(s):M. Murat Yüceşahin, Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:187-211
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:Syrians; demography; refugees; Turkey; Europe; migration; insecurity; demographic transition theory
- Summary/Abstract:At least 6 million 148 thousand Syrians have been uprooted as a result of the crisis and conflict ongoing since 2011 in Syria. As of 6 August 2017, 5,165,502 have crossed the borders into neighbouring countries of Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq whilst 983,876 moved further to Europe (UNHCR, 2017). A similar volume of population has been displaced within Syria too. This practically makes Syria one of the worst displacement cases in the history as more than half the contemporary population is displaced. Turkey with a long land border with Syria as well as historic links between populations, particularly in border provinces appeared as a favourite destination for Syrians who escape the conflict. As conflict grew and spread, in 2012 and onwards, a sharp increase in the number of Syrians arriving in Turkey was observed (Yazgan et al., 2015; Sirkeci, 2017a). When Lebanon receiving proportionally the largest share of Syrian movers, Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq have also accommodated sizeable populations seeking refuge. Unlike the early days of the conflict when most movers preferred neighbouring countries, in later years, an increasing number of Syrians destined to Europe. There can be and are many factors moderating this behaviour. We can cite economic opportunities, democratic environment, as well as aspirations and cultures of migration among these factors. Certain political manoeuvres such as the German Chancellor Merkel’s welcoming message in 2015 have also played a role.
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Integration of Syrians: Politics of Integration in Turkey in the Face of a Closing Window of Opportunity
Integration of Syrians: Politics of Integration in Turkey in the Face of a Closing Window of Opportunity
(Integration of Syrians: Politics of Integration in Turkey in the Face of a Closing Window of Opportunity)
- Author(s):K. Onur Unutulmaz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Migration Studies, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:213-236
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Syrians; refugees; Turkey; migration;
- Summary/Abstract:Integration has become one of the most popular concepts in today’s daily, political, and academic discussions. Countries of all sorts with a large number of immigrants and sizable communities with ‘immigrant-origins’ are now conceptualising several issues and challenges related to immigration and the ensuing ethnic and cultural diversity as matters of integration. While both what they mean by the term and how they are trying to achieve it vary widely, the political nature of the whole process and the hegemony of the concept of integration are beyond discussion.
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Conclusion
Conclusion
(Conclusion)
- Author(s):K. Onur Unutulmaz, Ibrahim Sirkeci, Deniz Eroğlu Utku
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies
- Page Range:237-242
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Syrians; migration; refugees; Turkey; Europe
- Summary/Abstract:Conflicts, tensions, discomforts, dissatisfaction and frustration over resources and representation are feeding into the perception of human insecurity around the world (see Sirkeci, 2003, 2006; Sirkeci and Cohen, 2016). These individual level insecurities meet national level insecurities and securitisation of migration and migration policy is simply a, somehow inevitable, side effect. Turkey, once known as a source country for mass labour migration, is now firmly placed on the map of immigration destinations marked by over 3 million Syrian refugees and about half a million refugees from other parts of the world. The country has also been in the receiving end of sizeable numbers of returnees and immigrants from the traditional destination countries of Turkish emigrants such as Germany as a result of emerging cultures of migration over these corridors (Cohen and Sirkeci, 2011; Sirkeci and Zeyneloglu, 2014).
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