Proceedings of the 11th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences

Corporate Culture: Changing Board Responsibilities and Changing Governance Rhetoric

Corporate Culture: Changing Board Responsibilities and Changing Governance Rhetoric
(Corporate Culture: Changing Board Responsibilities and Changing Governance Rhetoric)

Author(s):Alice Belcher
Language:English
Subject(s):Commercial Law
Page Range:1-7
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Corporate Culture; Directors; Governance; Law and Management;
Summary/Abstract:The UK’s Financial Reporting Council is telling directors that they should not wait for a crisis before they focus on company culture. The board must set culture, embed it, assess it and report on it. This paper traces the company’s formal legal liability for corporate culture as imposed in Australia and the UK and investigates the new focus on corporate culture in the wake of some notable corporate crises. It uses the Volkswagen emissions scandal as an example of cultural misalignment where the company and individual employees below board level (rather than a board collectively, or board members individually) have been the ones to be found liable despite the increase in rhetoric about the directors’ responsibility for corporate culture. This critique is put into the context of decades of Management research in the field of Corporate Culture that has produced theory, empirical results and an array of practitioner tools, but has also ignited debates so intense as to be labeled the “culture wars”. The paper points up the care that will be needed as legal liability for corporate culture increases before there is a consensus among management scholars on what it means and how it can be measured or assessed.

Financial Systems and Private Innovation Activity. A Research for OECD Countries

Financial Systems and Private Innovation Activity. A Research for OECD Countries
(Financial Systems and Private Innovation Activity. A Research for OECD Countries)

Author(s):Alberto Méndez-Morales, Carlos Yanes-Guerra
Language:English
Subject(s):Financial Markets
Page Range:8-14
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Financial systems; stock markets; credit markets; R&D; innovation;
Summary/Abstract:This research shows the effect that financial markets development has on R&D private investment of OECD countries. The main porpoise of this research is to help policy makers to generate effective policies to spur innovation, especially in underdeveloped countries. Data used on this research comes from World Bank and Unesco for the period 2000-2016. Used methodology is a dynamic panel data in which macroeconomic, financial, innovation and structural variables are included. It was found that stock markets development is positively related with private expenditure on R&D, but bond markets are negatively related with it. Simultaneously, low inflation and stable exchange rates are positively related with R&D. This is a novel research given that we show that an effective innovation policy for private firms, should be accompanied of policies aimed to deepening financial markets as a way to spur investments on R&D.

Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective

Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective
(Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective)

Author(s):Natanya Meyer, Jhalukpreya Surujlal
Language:English
Subject(s):Gender Studies, Social psychology and group interaction
Page Range:15-21
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Female entrepreneurship; pre-exposure; entrepreneurship environment; South Africa;
Summary/Abstract:The role of entrepreneurship in societies has become more profound in recent times. Studies suggest that pre-exposure to an entrepreneurial environment while growing up can greatly contribute to an individual’s learning process as they see first-hand how entrepreneurial tasks and activities are performed. Growing up, or being exposed to such an environment might potentially reduce the uncertainty felt by a prospective young or new entrepreneur. The objective of this study was to explore the differences in several entrepreneurial variables between two South African female entrepreneurs’ pre-exposure to entrepreneurship groups. Group 1 represented female entrepreneurs who had no previous exposure from an entrepreneurial parent, close friend or relative and Group 2 included those who had some form of previous exposure from an entrepreneurial parent, close friend or relative. The study made use of a self-reporting questionnaire and used a convenience sample to collect data from female entrepreneurs. The final sample equated to 510 usable questionnaires which included responses from all nine South African provinces. Data were analysed using reliability and validity analysis, Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Analysis of Variances (ANOVA). Results indicated that just one variable, internal motivation, was influenced by pre-exposure to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs who were raised in a business environment; that is, having a parent, close friend or relative who managed an entrepreneurial business, reported a higher mean for internal motivation compared to those who did not have this exposure. Several studies suggest that benefiting from an entrepreneur role model such as a parent, close friend or relative may lead to a more positive outlook on entrepreneurship and a stronger inclination to start a business. The results from this study prove interesting as, in the case of South African female entrepreneurs, pre-exposure to entrepreneurship had little effect on the identified entrepreneurial factors with the exception of internal motivation.

An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Political Instability and Exchange Rate on Tourism Growth in South Africa

An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Political Instability and Exchange Rate on Tourism Growth in South Africa
(An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Political Instability and Exchange Rate on Tourism Growth in South Africa)

Author(s):Daniel Francois Meyer
Language:English
Subject(s):Political economy, Economic development
Page Range:22-31
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Economic growth; political instability; South Africa; tourism;
Summary/Abstract:Globally the tourism sector is one of the main economic sectors in attracting and generating foreign revenue. The sector accounts for seven percent of global foreign revenue as an export industry. In South Africa the low growth environment over the last decade has resulted in the need to find alternative economic sectors in support to traditional sectors such as mining and manufacturing, to drive higher levels of economic growth in the country. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between tourism as the dependent variable, and economic growth, exchange rate changes and political stability, as independent variables. The study region selected is South Africa, which is classified as a developing country and is in many cases seen as the proxy for emerging economies. This study followed a quantitative research approach with time series data from 1996 to 2017. The relationships between the variables were analysed by means of the Johansen cointegration, Vector Error Correction and Granger causality econometric models. The results indicated that there are both long and short-run relationships between the variables. A number of policy recommendations that could potentially contribute to the extension of the role of tourism in development include improved political and currency stability in the country as well as the relaxation of visa requirements.

Coping Strategies and Household Dietary Diversity in a Low Income Neighborhood in South Africa

Coping Strategies and Household Dietary Diversity in a Low Income Neighborhood in South Africa
(Coping Strategies and Household Dietary Diversity in a Low Income Neighborhood in South Africa)

Author(s):Wynand C.J. Grobler
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic development
Page Range:32-38
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Food Insecurity; Coping Strategies; Economic Development;
Summary/Abstract:Several recent studies define food insecurity as a situation where the availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or the ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways is limited or uncertain. To overcome the challenges of food insecurity household’s employ certain Coping Strategies to mitigate food shortages. A quantitative research method was deployed and a stratified random sample of 600 households in two low income neighborhoods was included during a study conducted in 2015, to measure food insecurity, coping strategies and dietary diversity. The study found that households employed coping strategies to mitigate food shortage, but this leads to low dietary diversity. The study found that the Coping Strategy to “Buy only necessities”, “skip meals” and “purchase food on credit” is employed by a significant number of households. The study found that these coping strategies are associated with lower dietary diversity. This study aimed to increase the general understanding of food insecurity in low-income areas, and how coping strategies impact on dietary diversity in the context of food insecure households The study concluded that although households may use coping strategies to mitigate the impact of food shortages it will directly impact on low dietary diversity with health consequences. In this context, there may be desperate need in low income neighborhoods to amend policy to include a more comprehensive approach that includes adequate information to households on health consequences of low dietary diversity.

Climate Wealth of Nations

Climate Wealth of Nations
(Climate Wealth of Nations)

Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:39-44
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Climate; Climate Wealth; climate justice;
Summary/Abstract:A 3-dimensional climate justice approach introduces to share the benefits and burden of climate change in an economically efficient, legally equitable and practically feasible way around the globe. Climate justice within a country pays tribute to low and high-income households carrying the same burden proportional to their dispensable income through consumption tax, progressive carbon taxation and a corporate inheritance tax. Climate change burden sharing between countries ensures those countries benefiting more from a warmer environment bear higher responsibility regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. Climate justice over time is proposed by an innovative bonds climate change burden sharing strategy (Puaschunder, 2018, forthcoming).

Return on Equity and the Global Compact: Its Effect on Colombian Companies that Have Adhered to It

Return on Equity and the Global Compact: Its Effect on Colombian Companies that Have Adhered to It
(Return on Equity and the Global Compact: Its Effect on Colombian Companies that Have Adhered to It)

Author(s):Liliana Ruiz Acosta, David Andrés Camargo Mayorga, Octavio Cardona García
Language:English
Subject(s):Management and complex organizations, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:45-48
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Profitability Ratios; Social Responsibility; Financial Statements; Linear Regression Model;
Summary/Abstract:This document analyzes whether belonging to the Global Compact (GC) affected the Return on Equity (ROE) in 1,000 of the largest Colombian companies that reported their financial information to the Superintendency of Corporations in 2017. The impact was calculated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with standard errors and Feasible and Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) models; the variables ROE and GC were linked to each other by considering control variables such as financial variables (size and leverage) and non-financial variables (economic sector). Statistically, no significant relationship was found between the return on equity and these companies being members of the Global Compact; which is consistent with the neutrality hypothesis, which affirms that socially responsible companies do not experience changes in economic benefits or in the wealth of shareholders, hence showing that socially responsible investments have no effect. This research contributes to the empirical research on the relationships between finance and corporate social responsibility, which contributes to decision making in the field of sustainability by companies.

Revisiting Hawes: Social Capital and Racial Disparity in Incarceration Rates

Revisiting Hawes: Social Capital and Racial Disparity in Incarceration Rates
(Revisiting Hawes: Social Capital and Racial Disparity in Incarceration Rates)

Author(s):Daniel D. Oladejo
Language:English
Subject(s):Evaluation research
Page Range:49-58
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:mass incarceration; social capital; racial diversity; inequality
Summary/Abstract:Over the past twenty-five years, the U.S prison system has experienced continuous substantial increment in the prison population. At the same time, incarceration rates have risen by more than 300%, a phenomenon that many analysts have referred to as mass incarceration (DeFina & Hannon, 2013). This study investigates the various divergent impacts of social capital on policy egalitarianism in state outcomes. Notably, this paper reviews the relationships connecting social capital and incarceration rates, while analyzing the level of racial disparities in incarceration rates in the American states using a state-level panel data spanning 1980 to 2015. Building on work by Hawes (2017), we present a theoretical description and empirical examination for how social capital functions uniquely under different racial contexts using a newer dataset. The results suggest that there is a positive correlation between social capital and the incarceration of many African American which is more profound in some states than others.

Creating and Developing Competition in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia

Creating and Developing Competition in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia
(Creating and Developing Competition in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia)

Author(s):Ivana Marinović Matović
Language:English
Subject(s):Public Finances
Page Range:59-64
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Banking sector; Republic of Serbia; concentration; competition;
Summary/Abstract:The significance of the banking sector in the Republic of Serbia has grown over the last 20 years, as a result of a huge increase of market importance and, consequently, deregulation in this and other sectors. Deregulation and liberalization processes are followed by the processes of integration (mergers and acquisitions) of banks. The banking sector in the Republic of Serbia is characterized by a relatively large number of banks. Competition in general, and especially in the banking sector, is complicated and difficult to measure, for which there are no generally accepted and best indicators. Using the Concentration Ratio index (CR) and Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), the author tries to determine the degree of concentration, for the purpose of evaluation the competition in the banking sector of the Republic of Serbia. The degree of concentration was checked on the basis of the financial statements of banks in the Republic of Serbia in the period 2008-2017. The results of the research will point to the current state and the best perspectives for creating and developing competitive conditions in the banking sector of the Republic of Serbia.

The Impact of Changes in Fuel Prices on Inflation and Economic Growth in South Africa

The Impact of Changes in Fuel Prices on Inflation and Economic Growth in South Africa
(The Impact of Changes in Fuel Prices on Inflation and Economic Growth in South Africa)

Author(s):Daniel Francois Meyer
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic policy, Economic development
Page Range:65-73
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Economic growth; fuel prices; inflation; South Africa;
Summary/Abstract:From a cost-push inflation point of view, the fuel energy sector plays a significant role in price stability and production costs. This sector has been volatile over the last decade, impacting on global economic stability. In South Africa, which is a fuel importer, fuel prices have been rising at an alarming rate of 21 percent since the beginning of 2018, causing inflation pressure within a low growth environment. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of changes in fuel prices on inflation and economic growth in South Africa as a proxy for fuel importing developing countries. This study followed a quantitative research approach with time series data from 2001 to 2018. The impact of changes in the fuel price on inflation and economic growth were analysed by means of the Johansen cointegration and Granger causality econometric models. The results indicated both long and short-run relationships between the variables. The Granger causality tests indicated that causality is from changes in fuel prices to economic output and inflation. The results of the study could be used in monetary and fiscal policy, although not much control regarding the changes of the fuel price exists except for reduction in levies as a direct method of taxation.

D&O Insurance and Arbitration

D&O Insurance and Arbitration
(D&O Insurance and Arbitration)

Author(s):Katica Tomić
Language:English
Subject(s):EU-Legislation
Page Range:74-78
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:D&O liability insurance; EU Law; arbitration provisions;
Summary/Abstract:Directors and officers ("D&O") are required to act in a good faith and in the best interests of the corporation and to ensure that, the corporation is managed in accordance with the corporation's articles of incorporation and internal by-laws. D&O are personally liable for actions committed by the corporation within their scope of authority, and their own personal assets are at the risk in the event of a lawsuit against the corporation and its management or corporate insolvency. Today's complex business, legal and regulatory environment have increased the number of disputes involving the personal liability of D&O and D&O insurance, and the option of the more efficient, flexible, expert, and enforceable dispute resolution mechanisms, becomes the substantial interest of the parties involved. In this article, we discuss the general principles of D&O liability and D&O insurance, and relevant court cases concerning D&O liability and insurance coverage disputes in EU Law. Having in mind basic characteristics of modern insurance regulations, in particular, the need to protect a policyholders' interests and insurance customers and the premise that classic (commercial) arbitration is not a priori suitable for D&O insurance disputes, the author advocates introduction of specific integrated arbitration proceedings for D&O insurance cases. By assessing arbitration proceedings in D&O insurance, this analyze allows us to draw conclusion on whether the resolution of D&O insurance disputes by means of arbitration should be considered more often, or court litigation is more suitable for D&O insurance cases.

The Role of the Individual and of the Social Environment in the Value System

The Role of the Individual and of the Social Environment in the Value System
(The Role of the Individual and of the Social Environment in the Value System)

Author(s):Galina Martea
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Behaviorism
Page Range:79-84
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:system of values; individual; society; identity; development;
Summary/Abstract:The presence of the human being in the value system, as an identity and social personality, is the action that produces positive effects in the development of a society. In turn, society, a complementary identity in the existence of people, is that component that defines and motivates the importance of actions based on the ideas and decisions made by the individual. Thus, the human being promotes its content within the system of values, and society becomes accomplice both in man's existence and in the existence of values. Respectively, through his actions, the individual develops their own society and, at the same time, creates their image in evolutionary processes. Correspondingly, human actions are made available to society, them being a beneficial support in improving living conditions, in developing the level of culture and education, in preserving and supplementing spiritual values founded by humankind over time, etc. Thus, the social welfare element identifies a country, a community, based on its own system of values. And through its own system of values, the individual and their society are manifested, and each of them continually complements themselves, aiming at new things, evolutionary and full of essence. Thus, through the human intellect, the development process of society is constantly being developed and perfected, and the value, as a priority substance, maintains its verticality through the evolutionary processes of civilization and the process of identifying its own personality.

A Review of Influential Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students’ Creative Thinking

A Review of Influential Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students’ Creative Thinking
(A Review of Influential Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students’ Creative Thinking)

Author(s):Puthyrom Tep, Sorakrich Maneewan, Saranya Chuathong, Matthew A. Easter
Language:English
Subject(s):School education
Page Range:85-92
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Creative thinking; Educational setting; Intelligence;
Summary/Abstract:Creative thinking was listed among the skills that are required for upcoming graduating students’ entry-level careers which become more important to global industries. Due to the importance of this concept, the need to investigate undergraduate students’ creative thinking has been rising. This article presents an overview of influential factors on undergraduate students’ creative thinking. The influential factors were reviewed in two main aspects – contextual and individual levels. Researchers have investigated the relationship between educational setting and parental factors affecting creative thinking in the contextual aspect, while in the individual level aspect, researcher has investigated the relationship between intelligence and personality affecting creative thinking. Based on various recent studies and related theories, key factors that influence undergraduate students’ creative thinking are outlined along with a proposed conceptual framework. In the future, establishing and testing the proposed conceptual framework in terms of defining the influential paths and key factors affecting creative thinking will be conducted.

The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation

The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation
(The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation)

Author(s):Magda Madkour
Language:English
Subject(s):Translation Studies
Page Range:93-109
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:collaborative pedagogy; cultural translation; linguistics; social anthropology;
Summary/Abstract:The 21st century witnessed the emergence of Translation Studies, which include linguistics, comparative literature, sociology, semiotics, and communication. Translation Studies is also an interdisciplinary field that deals with the study of the theory, the description and application of translation, and cultural translation. Cultural Translation, which encompasses postcolonial translation studies, cultural gaps, and cultural manipulation, requires training the students of translation in the areas of social anthropology to help them achieve cultural and intercultural competence. Therefore, the purpose of the current quasi-experimental study was to provide the students with new translation training to help them understand the role of culture in translation. Examining the relationship between translation, linguistics, education, and social anthropology showed a shift in the purpose of translation from transferring information into a task of transmitting culture. Such a shift necessitates training the students to acquire socio-cultural skills by engaging them in discussions and dialogues about the culture of the original texts. The current study was an attempt to help students perceive the relationship between translation and culture to understand that some texts, specifically literary texts, do not only involve mastering two languages syntactically and semantically, but they also require communicative skills to analyze the social anthropological aspects of the texts, including culture, religion, and ideological and political issues. Therefore, this study applied the recent collaborative pedagogy for translation, which is based on improving social and cultural skills, for providing the students with the strategies for enhancing their professional practices within a social-constructivist educational environment. Moreover, emphasizing the concept of cultural turn in the work of polysystems in translation, the significance of this study lies in analyzing a number of theories to examine the relationship between translation, linguistics, and social anthropology and their impact on students’ culture and intercultural competence.

The relationship between Gender, Year Levels, Assignment Completion and Academic Achievement for College Students

The relationship between Gender, Year Levels, Assignment Completion and Academic Achievement for College Students
(Relationship between Gender, Year Levels, Assignment Completion and Academic Achievement for College Students)

Author(s):Wuttiporn Suamuang, Surachai Suksakulchai, Matthew A. Easter
Language:English
Subject(s):School education
Page Range:110-117
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Assignment completion; Academic achievement; Individual differences;
Summary/Abstract:In order to effectively enhance students’ learning, doing assignments is an accepted practice of improving content knowledge and self-regulated skills. However, individual differences may impact students’ assignment behaviors. This study examined the relationship between specific assignment variables (i.e. amount of assignment completed, time spent on assignment), gender and grade level. The participants were 786 undergraduate students from five universities in Thailand. A two-way analysis of variance showed that differences of gender and year levels significantly affected the amount of assignments completed and time spent on assignments. The female students completed significantly more assignments and had more time spent on assignment than the male students. For year level differences, freshman complete more amount of assignments than other students (sophomore, junior and senior). On the other hand, junior and senior students spent more time on assignments than sophomores. Using a hierarchical regression analysis, gender and year levels were significantly associated with academic achievement. Moreover, the results revealed that the number of assignments completed was a strongest predictor on academic achievement and had positive associations with academic achievement after controlling gender and year level variables. Our findings then suggest there are differences between gender and undergraduate year levels in terms of assignment completion which may then affect students’ learning outcome.

Knowledge Management Process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise

Knowledge Management Process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise
(Knowledge Management Process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise)

Author(s):Worasit Wongadisai, Sumalee Chanchalor, Jariya Neanchaleay
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic development
Page Range:118-122
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:Knowledge Management; Germinated Brown Rice; Community Enterprise;
Summary/Abstract:The objective of this qualitative research was to investigate the knowledge management process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise in Sakon Nakhon, Northeastern region of Thailand, a major processing source. The sample was selected based on purposive sampling. It was Ban-Noijomsri Community Enterprise with effective knowledge management. Methodologies included interview, focus group, and participant and non-participant observations. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study indicated that 1). Knowledge identification focused on the knowledge used in production and production process development and community enterprise and business management, 2). Knowledge creation and acquisition were conducted inside and outside community enterprise through discussion and knowledge exchange with members, participation in training, and field trip with external agencies, 3). Knowledge storage was conducted by storing knowledge through personal recognition and important information note, 4). Knowledge distribution was conducted through discussion and knowledge sharing, demonstration, manual and process sign board preparation, and 5). Knowledge application was conducted by integrating knowledge and experience into new academic knowledge to obtain new body of knowledge. The key factors contributing to successful knowledge management were leadership and organizational culture.

Are Codes of Business Ethics Ethical?

Are Codes of Business Ethics Ethical?
(Are Codes of Business Ethics Ethical?)

Author(s):Willy Tadjudje, Clément Labi
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Ethics
Page Range:123-128
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:ethics; business ethics; ethical codes; corporate governance
Summary/Abstract:In response to a quickly evolving legal environment and more generally to changing conceptions about the role and responsibilities of the corporation and its executives, many firms have adopted codes of ethics whose legal relevance is uncertain, and whose relation to actual ethics is largely problematic. First, it is necessary to analyze the theoretical model of these codes, as business environments tend to be assessed in terms of “business ethics”, which is conceptually difficult not to discount, since ethics should possess a universalist vocation, hence the necessity to seek whether there could be a variety of ethics which could bear the same validity. More generally, can individuals (or corporations) bestow upon themselves any set of chosen ethical rules? We propose that ethical codes actually mimic and anticipate what legislators or judges have (or will have) considered as ethical behaviors. Since the law is itself an imitation of ethical rules, codes of business ethics are therefore imitations of imitations. The works of Kant and Levinas, in particular, will serve as points of reference.

Embracing Children’s Right to Decisional Privacy in Proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth):

Embracing Children’s Right to Decisional Privacy in Proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth):
(Embracing Children’s Right to Decisional Privacy in Proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth):)

Author(s):Georgina Dimopoulos
Language:English
Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Family and social welfare
Page Range:129-138
No. of Pages:10
Summary/Abstract:Privacy and family law are both dynamic, subjects of passionate debate, and constantly changing with developments in society, policy and technology. This paper develops a normative understanding of the meaning and value of privacy in the context of proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (Family Law Act) that embraces children’s decision-making autonomy. The focus is privacy’s decisional dimension, which has received scant scholarly attention in the Australian family law context. Recognising and respecting children’s (as distinct from their parents’) decision-making autonomy, and children’s right to make decisions that might conflict with their parents’ (and the state’s) wishes, remain significant, and unresolved, challenges for the Australian family courts. This paper explores these issues using court authorisation of special medical procedures for children diagnosed with gender dysphoria as a case study. This paper argues that the construction of children as vulnerable to harm and the hierarchical nature of the parent-child relationship under the Family Law Act, coupled with judicial approaches to determining the ‘best interests of the child’ as the paramount consideration, have inhibited the Family Court of Australia from embracing children’s decisional privacy. This paper addresses concerns about the perceived conflictual consequences of doing so. It emphasises the relationality of children’s rights, the significance of the family unit, and the public interest in promoting children as active participants in proceedings as a policy goal of family law.

Towards Scientific Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Research in the Field of Law

Towards Scientific Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Research in the Field of Law
(Towards Scientific Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Research in the Field of Law)

Author(s):Nikita Punchoo
Language:English
Subject(s):Education and training
Page Range:139-143
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:interdisciplinary; research; law; scientific; prospect;
Summary/Abstract:This paper sets out to explore the absence of criteria in the field of law, to guide the legal researcher’s choice to use interdisciplinary knowledge to explain or clarify certain types of subject-matter, under consideration in the field of law. It advances the view that interdisciplinary research proves desirable because it allows for connections and delineations to be made between different disciplines in an integrated way, that serve to clarify, broaden or benefit legal knowledge about a subject-matter in the field of law. This is particularly important for the legal researcher, when considering subject-matter in the field of law that requires insights from other disciplines, to bolster its legal understanding. However, assessing the appropriateness of the choice to use interdisciplinary knowledge, in a research context to clarify or explain subject-matter in the field of law could require that the use of interdisciplinary knowledge not be made. Even in such circumstances, it is an exemplar of interdisciplinary knowledge, informing research in the field of law.

Internationalization of African SMEs: Context, Trends and Challenges

Internationalization of African SMEs: Context, Trends and Challenges
(Internationalization of African SMEs: Context, Trends and Challenges)

Author(s):Hamza El Guili
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic development
Page Range:144-152
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Africa; SMEs; emerging markets; firms internationalization;
Summary/Abstract:There has been an important increase in the international and inter-continental operations of African SMEs over the last decade, because of the emergence of regional “champions”, able to compete with foreign multinationals, present in the continent since many decades, but also because of the emergence of innovative and creative SMEs, capable to meet the market needs of various consumers of Africa. Understanding the particular international business landscape in Africa draws attention to several ignored research questions and research aspects, requiring further research and exploration, to contextualize the SMEs’ internationalization of African firms. This paper highlights relevant areas/aspects needed while studying the internationalization of SMEs, by bringing back the historical context of the continent. Next, this paper contributes to the understanding of the internationalization of African SMEs by analyzing the trends and opportunities of the research in this field. Finally, the challenges and the risks of the internationalization of African firms will be analyzed, in order to set the limits of the nature of internationalization of the continent’s SMEs.

The Role of Spirituality on the Quality of Life Among Elderly People in the Multicultural Context

The Role of Spirituality on the Quality of Life Among Elderly People in the Multicultural Context
(The Role of Spirituality on the Quality of Life Among Elderly People in the Multicultural Context)

Author(s):Kristyna Troneckova
Language:English
Subject(s):Family and social welfare
Page Range:153-158
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:well-being; spirituality; belief; Christianity; Buddhism; quality of life;
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the research is to compare the well-being and social life of people over sixty years of age depending on the degree of national spirituality. The goal is to capture and describe the quality of life and spirituality among the Bhutanese, Norwegian and Chinese populations in comparison with Czech participants, mainly by semi-structured interviews and the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis serving as a tool for evaluating given interviews. For research work, it is crucial to contribute to the understanding of phenomena that can lead to greater seniors' satisfaction, which is important because the amount of these people is still increasing. The current results have shown a big difference between the religion in Norway and Bhutan, the country of happiness. There was found a strong belief in Tibetan Buddhism among Bhutanese participants so far. None of the participants considered himself an atheist or a person with non-religious spirituality. All respondents showed a high level of satisfaction with life, and they often experienced joy. They come from well functional families and are happy with themselves. Norwegian participants are mostly agnostic or non-religious spiritual persons. None of them has proved to be a practicing believer nor a strict atheist. They felt the sense of life primarily in sport and in nature, they often mention cross-country skiing as a way of getting closer to the spirit. Furthermore, the intention is to extend the research on other nations.

Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes

Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes
(Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes)

Author(s):Bogdan David
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:159-162
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:crimes; fighting offences; hatred; methods of combating;
Summary/Abstract:Hate crimes are a serious concern in the world and the objective of approaching and combating discriminatory motivated crimes is pursued at international level as well as at national level in many countries that have adopted specific and strategic actions and/or policies. “Hate crimes” is a generic term that refers to all those offences committed by the offender on the ground of discriminatory motivation. We want to draw the attention to the fact that hate crimes based on religious criteria (but not only) are a very sensitive matter and the evidence of this lies, for example, in the terrorist actions of certain Islamic groups that have detonated a bomb in the editorial of a magazine that had published a caricature of an Islamic prophet, in Paris on 7th of January 2015. We believe that the religious affiliations of every nation must be respected, but it is inconceivable that terrorist attacks should occur as a reaction to disapproval of certain inadequate attitudes of the press.

Intercommunity Violence in Ghardaia between Heavy Fire and Compromise. Meanings and Mechanisms

Intercommunity Violence in Ghardaia between Heavy Fire and Compromise. Meanings and Mechanisms
(Intercommunity Violence in Ghardaia between Heavy Fire and Compromise. Meanings and Mechanisms)

Author(s):Hamdi Lahcene
Language:English
Subject(s):Security and defense
Page Range:163-169
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:pragmatic sociology; conflict; compromise; justification; violence;
Summary/Abstract:The city of Ghardaia in Algeria has experienced violent incidents, in recent years. As a result, this resulted in a deep fissure in the social fabric that had proved far from homogeneous, while the two religious communities of the local society, the Sunni Arab Maliki and the Ibadi community had coexisted for centuries in good intelligence. It can be seen from the course of events that the issue is far from being a simple conflict between the parties concerned; and we can not deny the involvement of a third party, namely political power and this through local authorities. In this tripartite equation, the precarious calm resulting from an interindividual and inter-communal compromise remains a subject of debate. From there we could apprehend the related meanings of discourses advocated by the actors of both parties, both at the individual and collective level. It is a question of exploring the places of confrontation and its observation following the verbal exchanges as well as the speeches marked, the paths taken by the two communities, in order to reach a compromise based on concessions previously considered as intangible principles. Also, the interventions of the security and political authorities to try to fill the differences and to bring closer the visions give rise to an analysis because by their responsibilities in the preservation of the security of the goods and the people, bring various justifications to guarantee an existence while maintaining the compromise in order to preserve the economic and political interests of the Mozabites.

Forensic Investigation of Homicide or Bodily Injury of a Newborn by His Mother

Forensic Investigation of Homicide or Bodily Injury of a Newborn by His Mother
(Forensic Investigation of Homicide or Bodily Injury of a Newborn by His Mother)

Author(s):Petronela Diana Ferariu
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:170-179
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:bodily injury; crime scene; forensic; homicide; infanticide; investigation;
Summary/Abstract:In criminal law from Romania, the offense of homicide or bodily injury of the newborn committed by the mother is a special mode of homicide, with specific sanctioning rules in conditions of physical or psychological disorders. In our country, the term of homicide of a newborn has a narrower meaning than the term infanticide. Infanticide refers to murder a child and is considered in the laws of other states as a form of qualified murder. The homicide of the newborn does not refer to the suppression of the life of any child, but only to the homicide of his newborn by his mother, immediately after birth but no later than 24 hours. Forensic investigation involves expanded and complex activity, caused usually by the mother's actions from the moment of birth time to the moment of mutilation, hiding or abandoning the corpse. It is necessary to reconstruct the crime scene by identifying the place where the birth occurred, where the mother committed the offense, the area where the newborn corpse was discovered, parts of the body or traces that indicate that it was incinerated, buried, devoured by animals and so forth. Very important as well is the identification of the trail between the place of birth to the one where the corpse was abandoned or hidden, the place where the tools used to commit the crime were discovered, objects that were used at transporting the corpse or suppressing the life of the newborn as well as issues related to the legal medicine.

An Investigation of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to College-Going Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Students

An Investigation of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to College-Going Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Students
(An Investigation of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to College-Going Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Students)

Author(s):Yajaira Fuentes-Tauber
Language:English
Subject(s):School education
Page Range:180-186
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:self-efficacy; college-going self-efficacy; middle-school;
Summary/Abstract:For many decades, policymakers have struggled in closing the academic achievement gap present in schools across America. Most recently charter schools were integrated into federal law as one of many approaches to narrow the academic achievement and attainment gaps. Previous research has shown that there are differences in self-efficacy beliefs and that these beliefs can help account for the academic achievement and attainment differences that exist. Furthermore, with post-secondary goals and choices often made before students are upperclassmen in high school, middle school is the prime time for decisions. This study used an empirical research approach method to investigate the self-efficacy scores of students and its relationship to college-going self-efficacy using two research instruments: Bandura’s Children’s Self-Efficacy Scale, a questionnaire used to measure students’ confidence on school-related tasks, and Gibbons and Borders’ College-Going Self-Efficacy Survey, a questionnaire used to measure students’ confidence on college related tasks. The results of the Pearson Correlation revealed a strong positive correlation between self-efficacy and college-going self-efficacy scores.

Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents

Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents
(Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents)

Author(s):Lucia Cerasela Balan
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:187-190
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:impact; photo; road accident; traces;
Summary/Abstract:Like any on-the-spot investigation, which also applies to criminal offenses, and in the case of the on-site investigation where the road accident occurred, we distinguish two stages: the static and the dynamic stages. With the examination of the place of the deed, especially in this situation, there is an interpenetration between the static phase and the dynamic phase, the methods specific to each phase are often performed at the same time. The intersection of the two phases is the consequence of the many situations that can be found in the road accident, such as: both the vehicle and the driver have remained on site or have recovered; the vehicle is abandoned by the driver on site; the driver responsible for the road accident has left the scene of the accident with the vehicle; the driver left the accident site by abandoning the vehicle involved; the victim leaves the scene of the accident.

An Influx of Refugees into Jeju Island and its Effects on the Jeju Residents’ Cultural Sensitivity

An Influx of Refugees into Jeju Island and its Effects on the Jeju Residents’ Cultural Sensitivity
(An Influx of Refugees into Jeju Island and its Effects on the Jeju Residents’ Cultural Sensitivity)

Author(s):Yun Bin Cho, Yun Gi Cho
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Migration Studies
Page Range:191-200
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Refugees; Jeju Island; Cultural Sensitivity; Human Rights; Korean Identity;
Summary/Abstract:This research investigated how recent issues surrounding refugees in Jeju had affected the residents’ cultural sensitivity. The responses of 109 Jeju residents were used for an analysis. An independent t-test was conducted to see the difference in cultural difference in two groups: the residents who view refugees as potential neighbors and those who don’t. Based on the result of Pearson’s correlation analysis, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to see how refugee-related variables explain the change in residents’ cultural sensitivity. The result revealed that people open to refugees have a higher level of cultural sensitivity, and women in Jeju fear refugees more so than men. Also, Korean identity is negatively correlated with cultural sensitivity. Most importantly, the findings of this research suggested that accepting refugees can foster Jeju residents’ cultural sensitivity, which is vital to the Jeju economy and its community

Methodological Particularities on the Criminal Investigation for Offenses in the Business Field

Methodological Particularities on the Criminal Investigation for Offenses in the Business Field
(Methodological Particularities on the Criminal Investigation for Offenses in the Business Field)

Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:201-206
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:business field; criminal investigation; expertise; flagrant;
Summary/Abstract:Financial - banking crime affects fundamental areas of the functioning of society, economics, financial systems, banking, commercial and civil circuits of goods, the labor market, etc. In carrying out the activity, the investigators must know in detail the facts have a thorough knowledge legislative framework in the field and to establish the exact facts, the means used by the perpetrator as well as all the circumstances of the deeds. This can be achieved through a variety of specific activities such as search, obedience perpetrators, witnesses, seizure of documents and objects, disposing of expertise, damage assessment, reconstruction succession of facts, cooperation with the media, international organizations etc. In the field of business crime, the evidence most often administered is the flagrant, the suspects or defendant's' statements, the recording and intercepting of the conversations and the expertise. In essence, any investigation in this area involves the adaptation of principles and the initiation of investigative acts that we will present in this paper. Advanced technology serves both the offender and the investigator for discovering the offenses. There is practically a perpetual struggle between their knowledge, among whom is better prepared and more updated with the new technical discoveries. The subject of study is inexhaustible, and the methods of fighting and investigating are constantly moving, innovation and improvement.

Civil Servant Corps in Romania – Facts and Prospects

Civil Servant Corps in Romania – Facts and Prospects
(Civil Servant Corps in Romania – Facts and Prospects)

Author(s):Agata Mihaela Popescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Civil Society, Public Administration
Page Range:207-212
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:bodies; civil servant; citizen; public administration; public function; state;
Summary/Abstract:The world boasts a rather rich experience with regard to both public function itself and public function institution, hence civil servant category. Public servants appeared along with the organised state, a relevant culture, even a patrimony developing throughout millennia and centuries. Civil servants (even if not always called as such) have existed in all societies all over the world. Certainly, the meaning of this concept and of civil service differed in time. For some, civil servants were a kind of clerks dealing with the paperwork needed in the relation of the powerful with their subjects, of the authorities with the citizens, for others they included state administration, clerks in ministries, those responsible with tax collection, more or less all those remunerated from the state budget, except dignitaries and military. Presently, all states have civil servants who work in keeping organic laws which regulate the activity pertaining to the operation of a state, to public order and to state security, to optimising the relationships between authorities and citizens etc. In Romania, the activity of civil servants is regulated by Law no 188/1999, amended in 2018, on the Statue of Civil Servants, and by Law no 156/2018 amending Law no 188/1999

Immigrant Detention of Families and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Immigrant Detention of Families and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
(Immigrant Detention of Families and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Author(s):Seunghan Han, Hyunkyung Choi
Language:English
Subject(s):Family and social welfare
Page Range:213-217
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:Immigration Policy; Family Separations; Unaccompanied Minors;
Summary/Abstract:Family separations and detention due to immigration policies are traumatizing events that have a profound impact on the children and young adults involved. American society responded strongly and vociferously in 2018 to the news that children were being separated from parents, partially because the experience is widely recognized as being traumatic. The after-effects from harrowing occurrences might cause immigrants to suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of severe psychological shock. PTSD can even manifest into physical symptoms that lead to illness and other impairments. The purpose of this paper is to explore how young victims react emotionally to the difficult challenges of risking entry, being detained, waiting for judicial hearings and then fearing deportation for years. The presentation will also evaluate the issues policymakers and judges face in solving these critical problems to address the mental well-being of those involved.

Criminal Aspects of Voluntary Slavery and Delinquent Unconscious

Criminal Aspects of Voluntary Slavery and Delinquent Unconscious
(Criminal Aspects of Voluntary Slavery and Delinquent Unconscious)

Author(s):Gabriel Tănăsescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:218-222
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:code matrix; delinquent unconscious; libido, pulse of destruction; semiotics of violence;
Summary/Abstract:From a philosophical point of view within a free system, an individual has the possibility, and thus is allowed by his own autonomy of will, to sell himself as a slave without being sanctioned by the rules of society, or by bearing the consequences of these rules (in his book Anarchy, State and Utopia, in one of the chapters A Framework for Utopia Robert Nozick deals with the problem of voluntary slavery). From a psychocriminological point of view, voluntary slavery is closely linked to the unconscious delinquency and the pulsation of destruction. Entry into Street Gangs can only be accomplished by respecting the rituals and the Code Matrix. A member of Banda (a woman or a man) accepts to lose her social freedom in order to enjoy the respect, reputation and esteem of the veterans. The exit of a street gang member is not accepted by the essence of the behavioral code, the sanction being death.

Linguistic Complexity of Mixed Episode in Sadegh Hedayat's Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder

Linguistic Complexity of Mixed Episode in Sadegh Hedayat's Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder
(Linguistic Complexity of Mixed Episode in Sadegh Hedayat's Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder)

Author(s):Elmira Esmaeelpour, Farhad Sasani
Language:English
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law
Page Range:223-228
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Bipolar Mood Disorder; mixed episode; syntactic complexity; hypomania;
Summary/Abstract:This paper investigates the syntactic complexity of mixed episode in Sadegh Hedayat, supposedly suffering from Bipolar Disorder. The first study studies depressive and hypomanic states in the episode. The results illustrate that Hedayat shows the highest complexity in the hypomanic state, whereas he has a significant simplicity in syntax in depressive state. The results are analyzed by studying three types of sentences (i.e., simple, paratactic and hypotactic) and embedded clauses. Moreover, in the second study, the complexities of the hypomanic episode and the hypomanic state in mixed episode are compared.

An Insight into the History of the Engagement Institution

An Insight into the History of the Engagement Institution
(An Insight into the History of the Engagement Institution)

Author(s):Astrid Isabela Bogdan
Language:English
Subject(s):Civil Law, Family and social welfare
Page Range:229-232
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:agreement; engagement; family; family law; habits;
Summary/Abstract:The foundation stone of any society affirms on many occasions that it is the family, also called the basic cell of society, but before we can talk about the founding of a family, we consider it necessary to make a history for a stage that precedes the engagement. This institution, although it is an important element and often encountered in the history of many people, we can say that today it is gradually losing its essence. Moreover, we consider that the engagement term has undergone an intense process of metamorphosis, bearing in mind that initially, in many communities, this covenant first reflected a covenant belonging to the two families of which the two fiancées came from. Of course, this custom has been kept strictly, but only in certain communities. In addition, affirming the realization of such a ritual, if you wish, was a true event for which it was necessary to involve not only the two fiancées but the whole family. Also, this event has always been reported over time to another fundamental event – the marriage, and with the passage of time, it is interesting to note that the time interval has been incredibly shortened, but it is noteworthy that the engagement ring has preserved his sacred role in the whole process.

Assessment of Marital Satisfaction and Happiness in Men and Women who are Married at Early Age and Old Age

Assessment of Marital Satisfaction and Happiness in Men and Women who are Married at Early Age and Old Age
(Assessment of Marital Satisfaction and Happiness in Men and Women who are Married at Early Age and Old Age)

Author(s):Elham Amirnovin, Azizeh Ghaffarian
Language:English
Subject(s):Family and social welfare
Page Range:233-237
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:age of marriage; gender; happiness; marital satisfaction;
Summary/Abstract:This research examines the marital satisfaction and happiness in men and women who are married at early age and who are married at late age. The research method is survey and the sample size is 240 married persons. In women, marriage under the age of 20 was considered early marriage and marriage of over 30 was late marriage. Also in men, marriage under the age of 25 was considered early marriage and marriage over 30 was late marriage. The instruments was Enrich marital satisfaction and Oxford happiness questionnaires. The results show that there is significant different between gender and marital satisfaction and happiness and also there is significant different between marital age and marital satisfaction and happiness. Also results show that women who are married at early age are less satisfied with marital satisfaction and women who are married at old age are more satisfied with marital satisfaction. On the other side, men who are married at early age are more satisfied with marital satisfaction and men who are married at old age are less satisfied with marital satisfaction.

Creating Criminal Responsibility within Criminal Groups

Creating Criminal Responsibility within Criminal Groups
(Creating Criminal Responsibility within Criminal Groups)

Author(s):Camil Tănăsescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:238-240
No. of Pages:3
Keywords:collective aggression; criminal liability; criminal personality;
Summary/Abstract:In the collective aggression, the group's supervision and leadership activity is coordinated by a single person, whom all other individuals focus on, due to the domination, prestige and influence of the person on the collectivity. The intellectual factor of the leader lies in the way of conceiving the model of leading society and dominating the social movements. The volitional factor indicates the energetic-dynamic dimension of the leader's personality, as well as the support of the intellectual element through which the meditative approach is conceived as a non-retroviral movement. The psychic identity of the leader has a unique structure, because the component elements determine the consciousness of personal identity. The behavior of the criminal leader is dynamic, his thinking and affectivity mobilizing the personality system. The criminal leader imposes on the group its own needs. In terms of association, the conduct of the members of the criminal group is different, so there are common elements of the subjective aspects specific to the offenses, an agreement of will, interests, respectively coinciding. However, committing a crime by a member of the criminal group does not automatically entail the criminal liability of all members of the criminal, aggressive group.

The Legal Regime of the Right to Private Property in Romania

The Legal Regime of the Right to Private Property in Romania
(The Legal Regime of the Right to Private Property in Romania)

Author(s):Ciprian Raul Romițan
Language:English
Subject(s):Civil Law
Page Range:241-245
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:absolute right; disposal; possession; real right; right to private property;
Summary/Abstract:In Romania, the right of the titleholder to possess, use and dispose of an asset in an exclusive, absolute and perpetual manner is guaranteed and protected equally by the law, regardless of the titleholder. In this regard, both the Constitution of Romania and the Civil Code and numerous legislative acts adopted after the December 1989 Revolution regulate private property. Also, given that the right to property is one of the fundamental human rights, in addition to the internal legal regulations, one must also take into account the international treaties and conventions ratified by Romania, such as the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its additional Protocol no. 1 which states that “no one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law”. The study presents an analysis of how the Romanian law regulates one of the most important and ample real rights, namely the right to private property which is also a full right because the owner has full powers over his asset.

Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism

Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism
(Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism)

Author(s):Eglantina Gjermeni, Alkida Lushaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Gender Studies, Politics and society
Page Range:246-251
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Gender Equality; Gender Quota; Public Policy; New Institutionalism;
Summary/Abstract:The core of this paper is to analyze the public policy of gender equality in Albania, particularly on policy areas of political participation, in the context of new institutional approaches. Having done a research, this article attempts to explain the effects of mechanism as gender quota to the level of women's participation in politics and decision-making in Albania. At the same time, examines the challenges of gender quota implementation in Albania. In this paper, it is understood that the interpretation of “the gender inequality problem” determines the equality policies applied on this issue and the structure of formal institutions in that policy. That is, how the gender equality policy has been formed and applied as a public policy in Albania. Besides, equality policies and formal institutional structure on that issue is being formed depending on how “the problem of gender inequality” is perceived by policy-maker actors. In this paper, using the concept of gender as a process analysis, we find evidence that the implementation of gender quotas increased the number of women's participation in politics and decision-making and brought in a more diverse group of women. We also find that women in Albania still continue to face inequality and discrimination, and there is still a lot to be done, to enjoy their rights de facto and to have effective protection against gender discrimination.

Professional versus Social Media: News Credibility and Impact

Professional versus Social Media: News Credibility and Impact
(Professional versus Social Media: News Credibility and Impact)

Author(s):Hadiza Wada
Language:English
Subject(s):Media studies
Page Range:252-256
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:Social media; traditional media; news credibility; fake news;
Summary/Abstract:This study’s relevance lies in its goal of ascertaining the degree to which people rely on unprofessionally processed information in (1) making vital decisions or (2) acting on unsubstantiated information served via social media. In addition, it measures the audiences’ ability to differentiate information emanating from professional, versus social media. Professional media, in this case, refers to the traditional broadcast and print media who have been in the business of professionally processing and authenticating news and information for their respective audiences. While social media, on the other hand, represent the various platforms provided primarily for social exchange of information. Relevant to this study is the social media’s ability to reach multitudes of people with unprocessed and uncertified information that can go viral, reaching millions of people. The theoretical framework is Uses and Gratification Theory, UGT, and the methodology is random survey.

Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking

Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking
(Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking)

Author(s):Tiberiu Viorel Popescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:257-263
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Drug Trafficking; Criminal Aspects; forms of crime;
Summary/Abstract:A very specific aspect of drug trafficking, but which circumscribes most of the serious forms of crime, is not to provide a doctrinal and legislative definition of an operational definition. A quantitative analysis followed by another qualitative one may at best reflect criminological aspects related to the visible side of this type of crime. This study aims to analyze aspects such as routes, links and connections of drug trafficking with terrorism in the context of globalization and taking into account the diverse typology of this type of crime. Routes provide clues about the drug route from the producer to the consumer as well as the changes generated by the intensification of UN controls. The networks reflect the diverse typology of this type of crime, which has direct implications in identifying the criminological factors that potentiate trafficking. Connections between drug trafficking and terrorism have been established in the Middle East and Colombia, these being significant criminogenic areas where it is possible to identify the direct involvement of terrorist groups in drug trafficking. Addressing one of the most profitable forms of crime, such as drug trafficking, is always a challenge.

Selling Out: The Financialization of Contemporary Art

Selling Out: The Financialization of Contemporary Art
(Selling Out: The Financialization of Contemporary Art)

Author(s):Hannah Rose Emmert
Language:English
Subject(s):Behaviorism
Page Range:264-269
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:art market; art investments; financialization; art indexes;
Summary/Abstract:This project came out of a behavioral economics class I took in 2016. Behavioral economics is the synthesis of human psychology and the more formulaic aspects of economics. I used this discipline as a lens for looking at how the financial services industry exploited the contemporary art market with it’s lack of regulation and transparency. My aim is to show the various ways this drastic financialization has happened by discussing the various heuristics used to value art and the financial instruments that financialized contemporary art mimics. Furthermore, I have found evidence that art is being used as collateral for important assets such as pension funds. The fact that art is volatile and unregulated makes art an unreliable investment and certainly not stable enough to base pension fund values on. This is the beginning of future research that I plan to conduct in an attempt to predict the eminent collapse of these contemporary art financial instruments. I hope to present this paper outline to book publishers to elaborate my findings into a book for industry professionals.

Gender Equity as a means of Promoting National Development: A Sociological Reflection

Gender Equity as a means of Promoting National Development: A Sociological Reflection
(Gender Equity as a means of Promoting National Development: A Sociological Reflection)

Author(s):Titilade Muyibat Ajayi
Language:English
Subject(s):Gender Studies
Page Range:270-274
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:Gender equity; Sex segregation; National development;
Summary/Abstract:The development of a nation entails the contributions of both men and women. However, all over the world, there are imbalances of power between men and women thus placing some obnoxious socio-cultural and political factors encouraging men's superiority over women. For example, job opportunities, recruitment strategies and political conditions have so much stereotyped the nature of women jobs and participation in nation building. This paper, therefore, looks at the sociological analysis of issues concerning women in wages, employment and politics as it is being affected by sex differential since women have been so adversely affected. The paper highlights the undesirable factors culminating to sex segregation and the aftermath effects. It also sets out to justify the need to give equal opportunity to both men and women in order to promote national development. The paper concludes that national development is a multidimensional process which can be accelerated by making efforts to bridge the socio-cultural and political gaps between the males and females in a healthy society.

Prevention and Combating Corruption in the States of the World. Republic of China

Prevention and Combating Corruption in the States of the World. Republic of China
(Prevention and Combating Corruption in the States of the World. Republic of China)

Author(s):Raheem Young
Language:English
Subject(s):Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:275-278
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:bribery; corruption; fight; measures; prevention;
Summary/Abstract:In China, one of the world's largest powers, anti-corruption legislation is well defined. In this sense, a number of normative acts contain provisions regarding the fight against this harmful phenomenon, capable of shaking the economy and the rule of law at world level. Provisions related to the prevention and combating of corruption in the People's Republic of China are also found in other secondary legislation, judicial practice and the Code of Criminal Procedure of that state. In order to repress corruption, the Supreme Court of China and the Prosecutor General's Office in China have published a series of prior recommendations on the prevention, detection and sanctioning of these reprehensible acts committed by civil servants or by senior officials high. Also, such collaborations have also been carried out to prevent and combat corruption in the private sector. In order to meet this goal, China has ratified the provisions of several conventions on corruption. This paper aims to highlight the legislative framework on preventing and combating corruption in the People's Republic of China and the steps taken or to be taken by Beijing leaders for this purpose. Also, in the present paper will be listed the main normative acts related to the prevention and fight against corruption, existing at present in this state.

The Principle of Legality

The Principle of Legality
(The Principle of Legality)

Author(s):Daniel Grădinaru
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:289-294
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:accessibility; criminal law; foreseeability; legality; retrospective application;
Summary/Abstract:The principle of legality, in criminal law, means that only the law can define a crime and prescribe a penalty (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege). It also embodies, that the criminal law must not be extensively interpreted to an accused′s detriment, for instance by analogy. According to that principle, an offence must be clearly defined in the law. The concept of law comprises written as well as unwritten law and implies qualitative requirements, notably those of accessibility and foreseeability. The requirements are satisfied where the individual can now from the wording of the relevant provision and, if need be, with the assistance of courts′ interpretation of it, what acts and omissions will make him criminally liable. The principle of legality also includes the rule which prohibit the retrospective application of the criminal law to an accused′s disadvantage. That principle is enshrined in the constitutions of many countries as well as in the most important international convention that protects human rights.

Genome Editing The New Eugenics?

Genome Editing The New Eugenics?
(Genome Editing The New Eugenics?)

Author(s):Marisa Almeida Araújo
Language:English
Subject(s):Health and medicine and law
Page Range:295-302
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:CRISPR technology; Genome Editing; Eugenics; Bioethics;
Summary/Abstract:The human genome editing techniques, which surpasses preimplantation genetic diagnoses at this time, has posed a number of ethical, philosophical, social and legal issues over the years that are far from resolution or any consensus. The challenge, nowadays, is the option between the refusal to use them or, by the contrary, making them available, in particular, to the prospective parents of ART, who are a wide range of consumers of these techniques. The possibility of DNA editing, and the immense solutions of CRISPR technology reprogramming the heritable genome brings us the debate of a modern form of eugenics. For parents and the programmatic choices they make, with DNA editing to their will and repudiating the genetic inheritance of their children, with impact on their personal integrity and identity, bringing human dignity, and human nature itself, to the epicentre of the debate and a new form of generational responsibility and, in a social context, a form of genetic aristocracy. The latest Nuffield Council on Bioethics report, "Genome Editing and Human Reproduction: Social and Ethical Issues," published in July 2018, further inflamed the debate. Seeming to accept, albeit cautiously, that the issue may be ethically acceptable in some circumstances, namely the guaranty of the welfare of the person and that it does not result in any disadvantage, discrimination or social cleavage. The timeliness and importance of the subject require us to focus our analysis considering the ethical and legal issues raised by the topic.

Hope and Violence in Dystopia

Hope and Violence in Dystopia
(Hope and Violence in Dystopia)

Author(s):Lima Bhuiyan
Language:English
Subject(s):Crowd Psychology: Mass phenomena and political interactions
Page Range:303-307
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Dystopia; President Trump; The Hunger Games; protest;
Summary/Abstract:The fact that America has been plunged into a period of dystopia cannot be argued. The nation not only meets the dictionary definition of dystopia itself, but we are daily watching an Orwellian present, which includes censorship, “alternative facts,” blows to education, muzzling of scientists and constant incitement of fear. Typically, dystopian fiction offers an escape that is so farfetched; it is not a real threat to daily life. In these stories humanity always steps up to help one another and anyone can make a difference; this is what makes these stories both hopeful, and relatable. But how does this translate into real life? In the days since the election of President Trump, we have seen this hope spill into the streets in the form of resistance. This paper will argue that while we might live in a dystopian present, there is a newfound surge of hope we have seldom seen in this nation that comes in the form of protest and violence. With each march, hashtag and moment of defiance, an ally speaks for the downtrodden and as history has proved, sometimes violence is the direly needed catalyst for change. Even in the face of dystopia, like reflecting the novels we have all come to know, the average person can and in certain cases, has a duty to fight for a hopeful future.

The Polysemy of the Lexeme ”Stone”

The Polysemy of the Lexeme ”Stone”
(The Polysemy of the Lexeme ”Stone”)

Author(s):Mirela Beatris Munteanu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:308-314
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:stone; semantics; lexical families; polysemy
Summary/Abstract:The terms from the sphere of lexeme piatra (stone) are developing metaphorical meanings. The images based on the term piatra (stone) are spreading their semantics on different dimensions, from the usual meaning to a plastic representation viewed vertically. To fulfill the proposed purpose, we will stop at a research minicorpus composed on the basis of some phraseology dictionaries, as well as of a series of verses which belong to the biblical text. At the same time, we will emphasize the produced pragmasemantic effect, to force the interlocutor to pay attention in the sight of decoding the messages which contain the lexeme piatra (stone).

The Beneficences that Happened to Indian Society from the Teachings and Thoughts of Nivedita

The Beneficences that Happened to Indian Society from the Teachings and Thoughts of Nivedita
(The Beneficences that Happened to Indian Society from the Teachings and Thoughts of Nivedita)

Author(s):Baishaki Das Saha, Debarati Mukherjee
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Behaviorism
Page Range:315-317
No. of Pages:3
Keywords:Empowerment; human being; Nationalism;
Summary/Abstract:With the evolution of society the concept of well-being keeps on changing with initial emphasis on socio-cultural empowerment of human being. Any civilization reaches its highest excellence with the help of organized integrated human being. In the context of continuous changes of social structure - education, culture and creation has the prior role to fulfill this duty as, with the help of this three, human being can manifest its thought and work. Manifestation of thought and work are very much required for a civilization to sustain. The existence of human-being and society is closely interdependent and values have a very important role in this. In this new era of continuous changes, unification of culture and civilization, gives us a new path where by combining the old culture (ancient and medieval) with the new culture (modern) can take our society to its highest excellence. In 19th century when culturally rich Hindu civilization was in endangered situation, to protect the society Bhogini Nivedita started advocacy of real education and the rich Indian culture. The effects of her acts are still flowing in this 21st century. The purpose of this paper is to raise the important issues of ‘well-being’ of human and how it is going to play a role in making the future society – by the inspiration of sister Nivedita. The two main pillars of the Indian culture, that is ‘self-sacrifice’ and ‘service for others’ have an effect on education. Education and progress of women are the key powers of a nation. These two powers are the prime tools for socialization and organizing a society. It acts as a catalyst in realizing nationalism which can transmigrate into internationalism.

The Role of Culture and Communication in the Socialization Process

The Role of Culture and Communication in the Socialization Process
(The Role of Culture and Communication in the Socialization Process)

Author(s):Samuiel Balc
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Behaviorism
Page Range:318-324
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Culture; communication; socialization; behavioral patterns; society;
Summary/Abstract:Given that people's behavioral patterns are so diverse, there is an unconscious tendency on the part of many to reject such behaviors. To avoid such situations, we need to know the importance of the social dimension of communication that is based on two fundamental factors: One factor is that each person is born in a particular culture with its perspective, its way of thinking and action. The second factor is that each person is born in a particular society, a community that has certain expectations of its members, certain modes of interaction, etc. Consequently, in order to understand the behavioral patterns of a community and to integrate within the community, particular attention must be paid to both culture and communication. At the same time, it must be established that socialization requires understanding and acceptance of changes that need to be made, recognizing that this requires time. Those who share a common culture are a society, a community. Each generation of a particular society receives the culture of society, the community of the previous generation, enriches it, and transmits it to the next generation. Therefore, one can say that a culture is not static but constantly changing. Thus, to communicate effectively and to integrate into a society, communities must have an adequate knowledge of culture.

How Dangerous is Space Debris?

How Dangerous is Space Debris?
(How Dangerous is Space Debris?)

Author(s):Ye Joo Park
Language:English
Subject(s):Scientific Life
Page Range:325-328
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Space Junk; Destruction; Space Debris; Satellite Collision;
Summary/Abstract:Space junk is a problem that requires expert intervention. Last year, the European Space Agency reported that scientists altered the path of an important satellite to prevent a collision with an unknown orbiting object. Space junk - known as orbital debris to scientists who specialize in space matters - travels at speeds of more than 17,500 mph. According to the US National Aeronautic Space Administration, space junk colliding with a satellite or an astronaut-occupied space craft could be catastrophic. The destruction of a working satellite owned by a foreign nation worth millions of dollars might cause national defense or diplomatic problems. Attempts to remove space junk are challenging because there is no clear pattern of how debris is orbiting around our planet - with zero gravity, scientists cannot keep track of each piece of space junk. Furthermore, it is very costly to clean up space. This paper will explain how much orbital debris is in space, how it got there and whether trends are improving or deteriorating. In addition, this research paper will evaluate what solutions can be practically implemented by the international community to reduce space junk and minimize the risks to property and people.

Weapon-Carrying among High School Students: A Predictive Model Using Machine Learning

Weapon-Carrying among High School Students: A Predictive Model Using Machine Learning
(Weapon-Carrying among High School Students: A Predictive Model Using Machine Learning)

Author(s):Yiran Fan
Language:English
Subject(s):Civil Society
Page Range:329-332
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Weapon; High School; Students;
Summary/Abstract:This study is aimed at 1) identifying the predictors for weapon-carrying on school properties; 2) build a predictive model for parents, educators, and pediatricians for early intervention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2017 data were used for this study. Logistic regression model is used to calculate the predicted risk. Logistic regression is a part of a category of statistical models called generalized linear models, and it allows one to predict a discrete outcome from a set of variables that may be continuous, discrete, dichotomous, or a combination of these. Typically, the dependent variable is dichotomous and the independent variables are either categorical or continuous. The data is run through R program. The outcome variable is weapon-carrying based Q13 (During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?) The result identified several important predictors for carrying weapon on school properties, such as gender, alcohol use, and smoking age. This provided important information for the educators and parents for early intervention and alleviating the negative effects of weapon-carrying among teenagers.

Does Star Endorsement Work in China? A Case Study of Star Endorsed Basketball Sneakers

Does Star Endorsement Work in China? A Case Study of Star Endorsed Basketball Sneakers
(Does Star Endorsement Work in China? A Case Study of Star Endorsed Basketball Sneakers)

Author(s):Zhiyuan (Carter) Ye
Language:English
Subject(s):Evaluation research
Page Range:333-338
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:star endorsement; fan-based economy; basketball sneakers; idol marketing;
Summary/Abstract:This research was conducted to investigate to what extent the fan-based economy is effective in China. Basketball sneakers, one of the commodities that are most frequently endorsed by celebrities in the field, was used as the center of the study. The research used a survey and received 547 valid responses using the online survey website wjx.cn. The behavior of the consumers was analyzed based on how long he or she plays or practices basketball each week. Based on the survey results, we concluded that factors such as brand preference, time dedicated to basketball, and people’s weekly or monthly spending amount indeed have impacts on the tendency of buying celebrity endorsed sneakers.

Effects of Writing in a Class Blog on EFL Students’ Attitude towards Writing

Effects of Writing in a Class Blog on EFL Students’ Attitude towards Writing
(Effects of Writing in a Class Blog on EFL Students’ Attitude towards Writing)

Author(s):Zohur Ahmed
Language:English
Subject(s):Educational Psychology
Page Range:339-345
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:attitude; blog; improvement; writing;
Summary/Abstract:The present study attempts to explore if writing in a class blog can improve EFL students’ writing attitude. Data has been collected from a group of English language learners enrolled in an undergraduate level academic writing course at a university in Bangladesh. An experimental research design has been adopted by the teacher researcher. It is expected that the findings of the study will provide policy makers, course coordinators and writing instructors with an improved understanding of and practical considerations for an effective integration of class blogs in English writing instruction at tertiary level in Bangladesh.

The Principle of Non-Refoulement and the Obligations of the United Nations in Ensuring the Accountability of States toward Refugee Protection

The Principle of Non-Refoulement and the Obligations of the United Nations in Ensuring the Accountability of States toward Refugee Protection
(The Principle of Non-Refoulement and the Obligations of the United Nations in Ensuring the Accountability of States toward Refugee Protection)

Author(s):Eric Che Muma
Language:English
Subject(s):International Law, Government/Political systems
Page Range:346-354
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Refugee; non-refoulement; United Nations; obligations; accountability;
Summary/Abstract:Since the outbreak of the Second World War, humanity has witnessed several challenges in the maintenance of global peace and justice and in the protection of refugees and asylum seekers, thus resulting from the outbreak of conflicts and threats posed by terrorist groups. These conflicts are classified into national and international conflicts. The impact of conflicts and inter-tribal wars between states or nations has witnessed a new form of migration from the twentieth century commonly referred to as refugee migration. This paper aims to analyse the principle of non-refoulement under the 1951 Refugee Convention and the obligations of the United Nations in ensuring the accountability of state parties toward the protection of refugees or displaced persons within their respective territories, with lessons from Nigeria and Cameroon. The paper argues that state parties to the said treaty are bound to protect everyone who is subject within their respective jurisdictions particularly, refugees and displaced persons. Effective protection is a necessary measure for ensuring that states follow the affirmative legal obligations undertaken after the ratification of the Refugee Convention. It is also an important approach for evaluating the credibility of the United Nations in accomplishing its objective toward peace, justice, and the protection of refugees or displaced persons.

Proceedings of the 11th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences Proceedings of the 11th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences

Corporate Culture: Changing Board Responsibilities and Changing Governance Rhetoric

Corporate Culture: Changing Board Responsibilities and Changing Governance Rhetoric (Corporate Culture: Changing Board Responsibilities and Changing Governance Rhetoric)

Financial Systems and Private Innovation Activity. A Research for OECD Countries

Financial Systems and Private Innovation Activity. A Research for OECD Countries (Financial Systems and Private Innovation Activity. A Research for OECD Countries)

Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective

Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective (Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective)

An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Political Instability and Exchange Rate on Tourism Growth in South Africa

An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Political Instability and Exchange Rate on Tourism Growth in South Africa (An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Political Instability and Exchange Rate on Tourism Growth in South Africa)

Coping Strategies and Household Dietary Diversity in a Low Income Neighborhood in South Africa

Coping Strategies and Household Dietary Diversity in a Low Income Neighborhood in South Africa (Coping Strategies and Household Dietary Diversity in a Low Income Neighborhood in South Africa)

Climate Wealth of Nations

Climate Wealth of Nations (Climate Wealth of Nations)

Return on Equity and the Global Compact: Its Effect on Colombian Companies that Have Adhered to It

Return on Equity and the Global Compact: Its Effect on Colombian Companies that Have Adhered to It (Return on Equity and the Global Compact: Its Effect on Colombian Companies that Have Adhered to It)

Revisiting Hawes: Social Capital and Racial Disparity in Incarceration Rates

Revisiting Hawes: Social Capital and Racial Disparity in Incarceration Rates (Revisiting Hawes: Social Capital and Racial Disparity in Incarceration Rates)

Creating and Developing Competition in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia

Creating and Developing Competition in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia (Creating and Developing Competition in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia)

The Impact of Changes in Fuel Prices on Inflation and Economic Growth in South Africa

The Impact of Changes in Fuel Prices on Inflation and Economic Growth in South Africa (The Impact of Changes in Fuel Prices on Inflation and Economic Growth in South Africa)

D&O Insurance and Arbitration

D&O Insurance and Arbitration (D&O Insurance and Arbitration)

The Role of the Individual and of the Social Environment in the Value System

The Role of the Individual and of the Social Environment in the Value System (The Role of the Individual and of the Social Environment in the Value System)

A Review of Influential Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students’ Creative Thinking

A Review of Influential Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students’ Creative Thinking (A Review of Influential Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students’ Creative Thinking)

The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation

The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation (The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation)

The relationship between Gender, Year Levels, Assignment Completion and Academic Achievement for College Students

The relationship between Gender, Year Levels, Assignment Completion and Academic Achievement for College Students (Relationship between Gender, Year Levels, Assignment Completion and Academic Achievement for College Students)

Knowledge Management Process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise

Knowledge Management Process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise (Knowledge Management Process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise)

Are Codes of Business Ethics Ethical?

Are Codes of Business Ethics Ethical? (Are Codes of Business Ethics Ethical?)

Embracing Children’s Right to Decisional Privacy in Proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth):

Embracing Children’s Right to Decisional Privacy in Proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth): (Embracing Children’s Right to Decisional Privacy in Proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth):)

Towards Scientific Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Research in the Field of Law

Towards Scientific Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Research in the Field of Law (Towards Scientific Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Research in the Field of Law)

Internationalization of African SMEs: Context, Trends and Challenges

Internationalization of African SMEs: Context, Trends and Challenges (Internationalization of African SMEs: Context, Trends and Challenges)

The Role of Spirituality on the Quality of Life Among Elderly People in the Multicultural Context

The Role of Spirituality on the Quality of Life Among Elderly People in the Multicultural Context (The Role of Spirituality on the Quality of Life Among Elderly People in the Multicultural Context)

Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes

Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes (Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes)

Intercommunity Violence in Ghardaia between Heavy Fire and Compromise. Meanings and Mechanisms

Intercommunity Violence in Ghardaia between Heavy Fire and Compromise. Meanings and Mechanisms (Intercommunity Violence in Ghardaia between Heavy Fire and Compromise. Meanings and Mechanisms)

Forensic Investigation of Homicide or Bodily Injury of a Newborn by His Mother

Forensic Investigation of Homicide or Bodily Injury of a Newborn by His Mother (Forensic Investigation of Homicide or Bodily Injury of a Newborn by His Mother)

An Investigation of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to College-Going Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Students

An Investigation of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to College-Going Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Students (An Investigation of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to College-Going Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Students)

Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents

Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents (Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents)

An Influx of Refugees into Jeju Island and its Effects on the Jeju Residents’ Cultural Sensitivity

An Influx of Refugees into Jeju Island and its Effects on the Jeju Residents’ Cultural Sensitivity (An Influx of Refugees into Jeju Island and its Effects on the Jeju Residents’ Cultural Sensitivity)

Methodological Particularities on the Criminal Investigation for Offenses in the Business Field

Methodological Particularities on the Criminal Investigation for Offenses in the Business Field (Methodological Particularities on the Criminal Investigation for Offenses in the Business Field)

Civil Servant Corps in Romania – Facts and Prospects

Civil Servant Corps in Romania – Facts and Prospects (Civil Servant Corps in Romania – Facts and Prospects)

Immigrant Detention of Families and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Immigrant Detention of Families and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Immigrant Detention of Families and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Criminal Aspects of Voluntary Slavery and Delinquent Unconscious

Criminal Aspects of Voluntary Slavery and Delinquent Unconscious (Criminal Aspects of Voluntary Slavery and Delinquent Unconscious)

Linguistic Complexity of Mixed Episode in Sadegh Hedayat's Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder

Linguistic Complexity of Mixed Episode in Sadegh Hedayat's Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder (Linguistic Complexity of Mixed Episode in Sadegh Hedayat's Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder)

An Insight into the History of the Engagement Institution

An Insight into the History of the Engagement Institution (An Insight into the History of the Engagement Institution)

Assessment of Marital Satisfaction and Happiness in Men and Women who are Married at Early Age and Old Age

Assessment of Marital Satisfaction and Happiness in Men and Women who are Married at Early Age and Old Age (Assessment of Marital Satisfaction and Happiness in Men and Women who are Married at Early Age and Old Age)

Creating Criminal Responsibility within Criminal Groups

Creating Criminal Responsibility within Criminal Groups (Creating Criminal Responsibility within Criminal Groups)

The Legal Regime of the Right to Private Property in Romania

The Legal Regime of the Right to Private Property in Romania (The Legal Regime of the Right to Private Property in Romania)

Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism

Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism (Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism)

Professional versus Social Media: News Credibility and Impact

Professional versus Social Media: News Credibility and Impact (Professional versus Social Media: News Credibility and Impact)

Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking

Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking (Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking)

Selling Out: The Financialization of Contemporary Art

Proceedings of the 11th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences
Proceedings of the 11th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences

Corporate Culture: Changing Board Responsibilities and Changing Governance Rhetoric
(Corporate Culture: Changing Board Responsibilities and Changing Governance Rhetoric)

Financial Systems and Private Innovation Activity. A Research for OECD Countries
(Financial Systems and Private Innovation Activity. A Research for OECD Countries)

Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective
(Female Entrepreneurs' Pre-Exposure to a Business Environment and Its Influence on Selected Entrepreneurial Factors: A South African Perspective)

An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Political Instability and Exchange Rate on Tourism Growth in South Africa
(An Analysis of the Impact of Economic Growth, Political Instability and Exchange Rate on Tourism Growth in South Africa)

Coping Strategies and Household Dietary Diversity in a Low Income Neighborhood in South Africa
(Coping Strategies and Household Dietary Diversity in a Low Income Neighborhood in South Africa)

Climate Wealth of Nations
(Climate Wealth of Nations)

Return on Equity and the Global Compact: Its Effect on Colombian Companies that Have Adhered to It
(Return on Equity and the Global Compact: Its Effect on Colombian Companies that Have Adhered to It)

Revisiting Hawes: Social Capital and Racial Disparity in Incarceration Rates
(Revisiting Hawes: Social Capital and Racial Disparity in Incarceration Rates)

Creating and Developing Competition in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia
(Creating and Developing Competition in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia)

The Impact of Changes in Fuel Prices on Inflation and Economic Growth in South Africa
(The Impact of Changes in Fuel Prices on Inflation and Economic Growth in South Africa)

D&O Insurance and Arbitration
(D&O Insurance and Arbitration)

The Role of the Individual and of the Social Environment in the Value System
(The Role of the Individual and of the Social Environment in the Value System)

A Review of Influential Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students’ Creative Thinking
(A Review of Influential Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students’ Creative Thinking)

The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation
(The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation)

The relationship between Gender, Year Levels, Assignment Completion and Academic Achievement for College Students
(Relationship between Gender, Year Levels, Assignment Completion and Academic Achievement for College Students)

Knowledge Management Process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise
(Knowledge Management Process of Germinated Brown Rice Production Community Enterprise)

Are Codes of Business Ethics Ethical?
(Are Codes of Business Ethics Ethical?)

Embracing Children’s Right to Decisional Privacy in Proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth):
(Embracing Children’s Right to Decisional Privacy in Proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth):)

Towards Scientific Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Research in the Field of Law
(Towards Scientific Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Research in the Field of Law)

Internationalization of African SMEs: Context, Trends and Challenges
(Internationalization of African SMEs: Context, Trends and Challenges)

The Role of Spirituality on the Quality of Life Among Elderly People in the Multicultural Context
(The Role of Spirituality on the Quality of Life Among Elderly People in the Multicultural Context)

Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes
(Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes)

Intercommunity Violence in Ghardaia between Heavy Fire and Compromise. Meanings and Mechanisms
(Intercommunity Violence in Ghardaia between Heavy Fire and Compromise. Meanings and Mechanisms)

Forensic Investigation of Homicide or Bodily Injury of a Newborn by His Mother
(Forensic Investigation of Homicide or Bodily Injury of a Newborn by His Mother)

An Investigation of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to College-Going Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Students
(An Investigation of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to College-Going Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Students)

Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents
(Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents)

An Influx of Refugees into Jeju Island and its Effects on the Jeju Residents’ Cultural Sensitivity
(An Influx of Refugees into Jeju Island and its Effects on the Jeju Residents’ Cultural Sensitivity)

Methodological Particularities on the Criminal Investigation for Offenses in the Business Field
(Methodological Particularities on the Criminal Investigation for Offenses in the Business Field)

Civil Servant Corps in Romania – Facts and Prospects
(Civil Servant Corps in Romania – Facts and Prospects)

Immigrant Detention of Families and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
(Immigrant Detention of Families and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Criminal Aspects of Voluntary Slavery and Delinquent Unconscious
(Criminal Aspects of Voluntary Slavery and Delinquent Unconscious)

Linguistic Complexity of Mixed Episode in Sadegh Hedayat's Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder
(Linguistic Complexity of Mixed Episode in Sadegh Hedayat's Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder)

An Insight into the History of the Engagement Institution
(An Insight into the History of the Engagement Institution)

Assessment of Marital Satisfaction and Happiness in Men and Women who are Married at Early Age and Old Age
(Assessment of Marital Satisfaction and Happiness in Men and Women who are Married at Early Age and Old Age)

Creating Criminal Responsibility within Criminal Groups
(Creating Criminal Responsibility within Criminal Groups)

The Legal Regime of the Right to Private Property in Romania
(The Legal Regime of the Right to Private Property in Romania)

Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism
(Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism)

Professional versus Social Media: News Credibility and Impact
(Professional versus Social Media: News Credibility and Impact)

Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking
(Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking)

Selling Out: The Financialization of Contemporary Art
(Selling Out: The Financialization of Contemporary Art)

Gender Equity as a means of Promoting National Development: A Sociological Reflection
(Gender Equity as a means of Promoting National Development: A Sociological Reflection)

Prevention and Combating Corruption in the States of the World. Republic of China
(Prevention and Combating Corruption in the States of the World. Republic of China)

The Principle of Legality
(The Principle of Legality)

Genome Editing The New Eugenics?
(Genome Editing The New Eugenics?)

Hope and Violence in Dystopia
(Hope and Violence in Dystopia)

The Polysemy of the Lexeme ”Stone”
(The Polysemy of the Lexeme ”Stone”)

The Beneficences that Happened to Indian Society from the Teachings and Thoughts of Nivedita
(The Beneficences that Happened to Indian Society from the Teachings and Thoughts of Nivedita)

The Role of Culture and Communication in the Socialization Process
(The Role of Culture and Communication in the Socialization Process)

How Dangerous is Space Debris?
(How Dangerous is Space Debris?)

Weapon-Carrying among High School Students: A Predictive Model Using Machine Learning
(Weapon-Carrying among High School Students: A Predictive Model Using Machine Learning)

Does Star Endorsement Work in China? A Case Study of Star Endorsed Basketball Sneakers
(Does Star Endorsement Work in China? A Case Study of Star Endorsed Basketball Sneakers)

Effects of Writing in a Class Blog on EFL Students’ Attitude towards Writing
(Effects of Writing in a Class Blog on EFL Students’ Attitude towards Writing)

The Principle of Non-Refoulement and the Obligations of the United Nations in Ensuring the Accountability of States toward Refugee Protection
(The Principle of Non-Refoulement and the Obligations of the United Nations in Ensuring the Accountability of States toward Refugee Protection)