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Proceedings of the 36th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Cover Image

Proceedings of the 36th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 36th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Contributor(s): Shazia Nasir (Editor), Nicoleta-Elena Heghes (Editor)
Subject(s): Language studies, Media studies, Business Economy / Management, Criminal Law, Higher Education , Economic development, Pastoral Theology, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, EU-Legislation, Sociology of Religion, Administrative Law, Fake News - Disinformation
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Summary/Abstract: The 36th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities was held at The Erdman Center, 20 Library Place, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, on June 6-7, 2024, and was organized by the Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies. RAIS Conference Proceedings are published with ISSN 2578-8574.

  • Page Count: 248
  • Publication Year: 2024
  • Language: English
A Qualitative Study on Perceived Impacts of a Nature Reserve on Community Livelihoods

A Qualitative Study on Perceived Impacts of a Nature Reserve on Community Livelihoods
(A Qualitative Study on Perceived Impacts of a Nature Reserve on Community Livelihoods)

  • Author(s):Laura Novienyo Abla Amoah, Mpho Arnold Pebane
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic development
  • Page Range:1-7
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Nature reserve; community livelihood; sustainable development; South Africa;
  • Summary/Abstract:Nestled in the heart of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality lies a nature reserve that has been a source of livelihood for the local communities. This nature reserve is an ecological gem and a prominent contributor to sustainable development and community empowerment. This study focused on the perceived impacts of Swartkop Nature Reserve on community livelihoods in Motherwell, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The qualitative research method was followed, and data were obtained from 32 participants residing adjacent to the nature reserve. The study's findings discovered several activities such as small-scale farming, harvesting of medicinal plants, recreational activities, recycling, and fishing as some of the sources of community livelihood. Based on the findings, valuable recommendations have been offered in the study to guide policymakers and governments.
Knowledge in the 21st Century: Making Sense of Big Data

Knowledge in the 21st Century: Making Sense of Big Data
(Knowledge in the 21st Century: Making Sense of Big Data)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:8-14
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:behavioral economics; carbon footprint; data storage; digitalization; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); sustainability;
  • Summary/Abstract:: Economics is built on the idea of scarcity. The rational agent is meant to decide efficiently given scarce resources. Friedrich von Hayek challenged mainstream economic scarcity focus by proposing that economics is also about making sense of an abundance of knowledge that is dispersedly shared throughout society. Born out of the internet and digitalization, we live in the age of the advent of big data science. Computational advantages in light of enormous data storage and analytic powers have allowed to gain unprecedented information transfers out of our use of technology. Today’s most profitable corporations in the world all derive value from big data insights. But extracting sense from a massive amount of data generated online on a constant basis has also become an enormous environmental burden, which is often not discussed or thematized. While marketing ensures to frame cloud storage as something light and intangible, the reality is that data hoarding has become an environmentally-burdensome practice that may not be sustainable given the pace digitalization is advancing, e.g., with 5G and Artificial Intelligence (AI) encroaching every aspect of human life. Big data is stored in facilities that resemble warehouses with enormous electricity consumption for the cooling of real-time data processors. In light of the rising trend of data storage as well as environmental conscientiousness demands at the same time, we may revisit Hayek’s idea of the knowledge paradigm and connect it to scarcity. Economics is called for providing models that explain how to make sense of data efficiently. In particular, Friedrich von Hayek’s knowledge paradigm could offer insights on how and what kind of information should be stored to become knowledgeable and what kind of information warrants for scarcity of being neglected to conserve and simply been forgotten over time to be in line with overall efficiency and sustainability demands to pass the earth onto future generations meaningfully and viably.
Impact of Financial Training on Financial Management in Small Businesses in Morocco and Their Contribution to Socioeconomic Value

Impact of Financial Training on Financial Management in Small Businesses in Morocco and Their Contribution to Socioeconomic Value
(Impact of Financial Training on Financial Management in Small Businesses in Morocco and Their Contribution to Socioeconomic Value)

  • Author(s):Wafaa El Gouz, Azzeddine Allioui
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:15-23
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:financial management; financial training; risk management; small businesses;
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this study is to analyze the transformational influence that financial training has on the financial management practices of small enterprises in Morocco and to investigate the subsequent socioeconomic contributions that will result from this training. An all-encompassing research framework that incorporates both quantitative and qualitative research approaches is used in this study, which is conducted within the setting of a rapidly expanding small company sector that is experiencing financial difficulties. Research methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and case studies are applied in order to evaluate the effectiveness of financial training programs in providing small businesses with improved capacities to make responsible financial decisions. The results are intended to provide light on the actual effects of financial training, which include improvements in financial measures, risk management, and investment choices inside the organizations that were targeted. The study investigates not only the consequences on a micro level, but also the implications on a macro level that strengthened financial management will have on the socioeconomic landscape of Morocco as a whole. This research makes a contribution to the current body of knowledge by shedding light on the complex interaction that exists between financial management, financial training, and the generation of socioeconomic value. It is anticipated that the findings will provide policymakers, educators, and business leaders with information on effective techniques to promote financial resilience within small firms, hence creating sustained contributions to the socioeconomic growth of Morocco.
Team Development and Experiential Learning

Team Development and Experiential Learning
(Team Development and Experiential Learning)

  • Author(s):Mirela Macelaru
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Adult Education, Educational Psychology
  • Page Range:24-30
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:team dynamics; team effectiveness; individual learning; team building; team roles;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the intersection of Tuckman’s Team Development Model and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle, analyzing how these frameworks can be integrated to enhance team effectiveness and individual learning within educational and organizational contexts. Tuckman’s model outlines the stages of team development–forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning–each critical for building cohesive and productive teams. Kolb’s cycle, consisting of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation, provides a robust framework for understanding how individuals learn from their experiences. By synthesizing these models, this paper demonstrates how teams can navigate developmental stages while simultaneously fostering individual growth through experiential learning. Practical applications and case studies illustrate how combining these models can lead to improved teamwork, enhanced problem-solving abilities, and increased overall performance.
Cyberbullying: A Threat to Freedom of Expression

Cyberbullying: A Threat to Freedom of Expression
(Cyberbullying: A Threat to Freedom of Expression)

  • Author(s):Lika Chimchiuri
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Studies in violence and power, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Fake News - Disinformation
  • Page Range:31-36
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:cyberbullying; freedom of expression; digital harassment; technological innovations; educational programs;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article discusses the relationship between cyberbullying and freedom of expression, demonstrating how digital harassment damages the fundamental principles of free speech. Cyberbullying, defined as the use of online platforms to frighten or harass others, is directly against the idea of free expression, which seeks to protect open and respectful discourse. Through in-depth research and comparison of legal frameworks, this report identifies substantial loopholes in present legislation that fail to address the rising threat of cyber harassment. It suggests a broad strategy that combines legal reform, technology advances, and educational initiatives to foster an online environment that values empathy and respect. Key proposals include algorithmic changes to detect bullying behavior and the introduction of comprehensive digital citizenship education programs. The article shows the major psychological effects of cyberbullying, underlining the importance of creating safer online environments. The paper argues for cooperation among governments, technical companies, and civil society to restore the balance between supporting free expression and combating cyber abuse. This collaborated plan aims to prevent cyberbullying while simultaneously maintaining the internet as a vibrant space for democratic discourse and free speech.
Legislative and Jurisprudential Analysis Regarding the Circulation of Food Supplements at the Level of the European Union

Legislative and Jurisprudential Analysis Regarding the Circulation of Food Supplements at the Level of the European Union
(Legislative and Jurisprudential Analysis Regarding the Circulation of Food Supplements at the Level of the European Union)

  • Author(s):Cristina-Luiza Erimia
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:37-41
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:European Union legislation; food supplements; internal market; free movement of goods;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Europe dietary supplements market exhibits a diverse end-user concentration, encompassing health-conscious individuals, fitness enthusiasts, and those seeking preventive healthcare solutions. With a growing awareness of holistic well-being, the market caters to a broad spectrum of consumers, ranging from aging populations seeking nutritional support to younger demographics embracing proactive health measures. In the context of an increasing number of products being introduced into the European Union market in the form of food products containing a concentrated source of nutrients and presented as supplementing the intake of these nutrients into the normal diet, this paper examines the regulation of the internal market of food supplements, as well as the obstacles arising to cross-border trade in dietary supplements containing substances other than vitamins and minerals. Given that European legislation does not include specific provisions on the use of substances other than vitamins or minerals in food supplements, the free movement of these products is governed by Articles 34 – 35 of TFEU/Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and may thus be subject to national restrictions or prohibitions within the limits set out in Article 36. At the same time, the paper aims to present the relevant case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union which restrictively interprets the list of derogations stipulated in Article 36 of TFEU, so that measures taken by Member States do not constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or any restriction hid under the trade of food supplements containing substances other than vitamins and minerals.
Role of Effective Communication in the Growth and Development of Business Activities

Role of Effective Communication in the Growth and Development of Business Activities
(Role of Effective Communication in the Growth and Development of Business Activities)

  • Author(s):Princi Tanwar
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:42-49
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Effective communication; organizational culture; employee engagement; leadership; business success;
  • Summary/Abstract:Effective communication plays a pivotal role in the growth and development of business activities. In today’s globalized environment, communication is the bridge to collaboration, understanding and innovation. Clear communication aligns every stakeholder on goals, strategies, and expectations, minimizing confusion and boosting efficiency. It builds trust with stakeholders like customers, suppliers, or investors. Trust, in turn, is foundational for long-term partnerships and collaborations, contributing significantly to the sustainability and growth of a business. Open communication is vital for fostering a positive and inclusive organizational culture. It empowers employees to express their ideas, concerns, and feedback. Businesses that encourage open communication are better positioned to adapt to changes, identify opportunities, and stay ahead in competitive markets. In the realm of marketing and customer relations, effective communication is paramount. A well-crafted communication strategy sets businesses apart, attracts customers, and builds brand loyalty. Fast, efficient communication tools in today's digital age fuel growth by enabling rapid decision-making, problem-solving, and seamless collaboration across geographically dispersed teams. In summary, effective communication is not just a supportive function but a strategic imperative for business growth. It underpins organizational success by fostering understanding, trust, innovation, and efficiency. Businesses that prioritize robust communication strategies are better equipped to navigate the complexities of the modern business landscape, ultimately positioning themselves for sustained growth.
Propaganda in Poland During the Stalinist Period (1945-1956): The Case of Poznań Voivodeship

Propaganda in Poland During the Stalinist Period (1945-1956): The Case of Poznań Voivodeship
(Propaganda in Poland During the Stalinist Period (1945-1956): The Case of Poznań Voivodeship)

  • Author(s):Przemysław Kot
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Governance, Government/Political systems, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
  • Page Range:50-58
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:communism propaganda; Stalinist period;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article will address the issue of communist propaganda in the Poznań Voivodeship from 1945 to 1956. This voivodeship was one of the 14 administrative regions into which Poland was divided at that time. The chronological scope covers the period from 1945, marking the occupation of the region by the Red Army and the subsequent takeover by the communists, to 1956, which marks the end of the Stalinist era in Poland. Due to space constraints, this article will address only the issue of propaganda methods, specifically individual agitation and mass propaganda. Before delving into the main part of the article, the current state of research on propaganda in Poland during the analyzed period will be presented, along with definitions of the term "propaganda." The primary sources for this work are archival materials stored in the State Archive in Poznań, produced by the Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza), which, from 1948, was known as the Polish United Workers' Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza), the organization responsible for conducting propaganda activities.
Information Assault - Disinformation, Manipulation and Critical Thinking

Information Assault - Disinformation, Manipulation and Critical Thinking
(Information Assault - Disinformation, Manipulation and Critical Thinking)

  • Author(s):Cristinel-Mugurel Popa
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Media studies, Fake News - Disinformation
  • Page Range:59-64
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:information; disinformation; manipulation; critical thinking;
  • Summary/Abstract:Challenges to forms of expression are bringing to the fore new types of language that seem to highlight the growing need for clarification of the sources referred to for authenticity of information. The classification of sources and information disseminators thus becomes an exercise that does not seem to be within the reach of decision-makers who are unfamiliar with the fundamental tools for constructing objective personal opinions. In order to correlate information with the set of beliefs or opinions - which often respond to a number of personal interpretations - misinformation, manipulation or objective interest in information are characteristics that define the categories that interact or are exposed to them. This paper examines these dynamics and emphasizes the importance of promoting robust critical thinking abilities.
The Limited Potential of AI Implementation in US Courts

The Limited Potential of AI Implementation in US Courts
(The Limited Potential of AI Implementation in US Courts)

  • Author(s):Eric Kim
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International Law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:65-74
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:artificial intelligence; bias; ChatGPT; criminal justice;
  • Summary/Abstract:With the recent surge of interest in the use of AI in generating writing that imitates human creativity, many have begun turning to AI as the ultimate solution to various social problems. Amidst rising concerns about discrimination in judicial decisions stemming from judges’ personal leanings within the US criminal justice system, employing AI as judicial judges to eliminate these biases has been considered. Although the current stage of AI and its abilities render it impossible to replace human judges, AI technology’s fast-paced development opens up future possibilities. This paper evaluates the possibility of AI, specifically GPTs, being able to act as judges in US criminal courts in the near future by assessing how effective AI can be in deciding court cases. The paper examines how AI answers currently lack validity and reliability, two key characteristics of judicial decisions, and analyzes the extent to which AI developments in the near future will be able to address these flaws so that AI may be able to produce viable judicial decisions by themselves. This research concludes that barring unforeseeably significant technological advancements, AI cannot independently act as impartial judges within a US criminal court; however, feasible developments in AI’s reliability and validity in the near future would allow AI to work in a complementary capacity alongside human judges to help improve the current judicial system.
Synergizing Innovation Dynamics: A Comprehensive Examination of Tradition and Creativities in Family-Owned Firms

Synergizing Innovation Dynamics: A Comprehensive Examination of Tradition and Creativities in Family-Owned Firms
(Synergizing Innovation Dynamics: A Comprehensive Examination of Tradition and Creativities in Family-Owned Firms)

  • Author(s):Azzeddine Allioui
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:75-86
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:innovation dynamics; tradition; family-owned firms; intergenerational family enterprises;
  • Summary/Abstract:This research investigates the complex dynamics of innovation postures inside family businesses, revealing a typology that combines a predilection for risk with a strong adherence to tradition. The diverse routes illuminated by the Seasoner, Re-enactor, Digger, and Adventurer attitudes inside family enterprises have a distinctive impact on the innovation atmosphere. Through an examination of the relationship between these positions and the aspects of the family system, namely aim variety and coherence, we can decipher the paradox of innovation willingness in family businesses. Moreover, succession presents a critical occasion for reorientation, providing insight into how intergenerational family enterprises manage the intricate equilibrium between risk-taking and tradition.
The San Antonio Port Authority: Becoming a Leader of Innovation

The San Antonio Port Authority: Becoming a Leader of Innovation
(The San Antonio Port Authority: Becoming a Leader of Innovation)

  • Author(s):Nicholas Tefend
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Transport / Logistics
  • Page Range:87-92
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:San Antonio Port Authority; innovation; Kelly Air Force Base; Internet of Things; digital platforms;
  • Summary/Abstract:The San Antonio Port Authority aims to develop and implement one of the foremost hubs for innovation in the United States. Once a part of Kelly Air Force Base, which closed in 2001, the San Antonio Port Authority took over and decided to become an innovation hub. Innovation is the development of new technologies such as automation, robotics, and communications, to name a few areas this new technology has influenced. Innovation is at the heart of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that the world is undergoing, which has transformed the world we live in and continues to change how we interact with the world around us (Philbeck and Davis 2019). Innovation is a vital part of growth in a country’s GDP; with the rise of broadband internet service as an example, the U.S.’s GDP has increased by over 1.3% for each 10% increase in penetration (West 2011). The Port Authority is building a potential haven for innovation but needs to address some potential issues to maximize innovation. Tech Port SA, the Port Authority’s innovation hub, must address the potential conflict between innovators and non-innovator industries. Additionally, it is critical to maintain the balance between different types of innovation and ensure there is not an emphasis on one, which will potentially stifle the other types of innovation even though they have aerospace, applied technology, and more types being added. This paper examines the issues the Port Authority will have so that solutions may be implemented accordingly.
Quantitative Analysis of Countries’ Initial Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Change Readiness

Quantitative Analysis of Countries’ Initial Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Change Readiness
(Quantitative Analysis of Countries’ Initial Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Change Readiness)

  • Author(s):Mozhgan Moeini Gharagozloo, Julaine Rigg, Farinaz Sabz Ali Pour, Chen Chen, M. Mahdi Moeini Gharagozloo
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:93-100
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Change readiness; Global Pandemic; Spread of Covid-19; Resiliency;
  • Summary/Abstract:Worldwide pandemics, like COVID-19, can cause major disruptions and instill fear in countries globally. 2020 saw the rapid spread of COVID-19, leading to significant loss of life and economic turmoil as nations shut down to combat the virus. This paper explores how a country's change readiness influences its ability to control the spread of an international crisis. We argue that higher change readiness levels help countries better manage risks and uncertainties resulting from environmental changes and shocks. Consequently, greater change readiness enables countries to effectively control crises, especially during pandemics. Our analysis of 135 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic's first three months in 2020 supports our hypotheses. This study enhances our understanding of how a nation's change readiness may impact its crisis management capabilities.
Common Sense Ethics in Dialogue with Transhumanism

Common Sense Ethics in Dialogue with Transhumanism
(Common Sense Ethics in Dialogue with Transhumanism)

  • Author(s):Dinu Lăcătuș
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Pastoral Theology, Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:101-108
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:transhumanism, singularity; soulechtomy; common-sense;
  • Summary/Abstract:On the much-trodden ground of the conflict between Good and Evil, between universality and diversity, between the creative act and a lethal status quo, between faith and reason, between religion and science, it could be argued that every human being and action will suffer the same fate, chronically falling under the antagonistic empire, adding yet another gloss to the laurels of this empire's victory and yet another defeat of the human being. Moreover, the reality becomes even more painful when the human being realizes that Someone, from somewhere in places and dimensions still inaccessible to it, is watching its hopeless struggle, from which it also reaps other laurels of a different brilliance: "Man's struggle with his own misfortune is a spectacle worthy of the gods." And yet this reality is the very gift given to the human being of stepping "per aspera ad astra." Thus, conflict, crisis, tragedy, and pain, are, in fact, challenges and opportunities and are assimilated, incubated and gestated in the human being, from which wings are then born, escaping from this empire and soaring towards transcendent realms. Today the world faces a new challenge: artificial intelligence (AI) has developed a superior artificial intelligence (ASI), and at the same time the shift from the digital to the quantum age makes it possible for human beings to witness a transition from humanism to trans-humanism, then to post-humanism and so on towards a post-non-humanism.
Means of Settlement of Armed Conflicts

Means of Settlement of Armed Conflicts
(Means of Settlement of Armed Conflicts)

  • Author(s):Mariam Bregvadze
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International relations/trade, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:109-114
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:global politics; international organizations; armed confrontations;
  • Summary/Abstract:For centuries, the politics and history of the world were connected with armed conflicts, wars, and the solution of one or another territorial or other political and economic issues by force. Constant conflicts and challenges forced the world community to think of creating some kind of peaceful mechanism that would lead to more peaceful aspects of human development. Armed military confrontations have always been and remain the most important challenge of the international community. As a result of the conflicts, the progress of human development has slowed down, causing enormous damage and destruction, especially in the twentieth century. As the world faced this reality, it became clear that a series of operations were needed to prevent armed conflicts and establish peaceful relations between states. Although many types of agreements and alliances have existed throughout history, significant changes have occurred over the past century and a half with the creation of international peacekeeping organizations tasked with promoting the peaceful resolution of disputes and preventing catastrophic conflicts. Despite tremendous progress, peaceful resolution of the conflict remains a major challenge, underscoring the continued need for coordinated action to achieve universal peace and security. This article discusses many strategies and ways to resolve military conflicts. Using dogmatic research methodology and comparative legal analysis based on practitioner experience, it evaluates the effectiveness of existing conflict resolution systems. The article makes recommendations, assesses current approaches to improving conflict resolution, and offers advice for promoting a more stable global order.
Reducing Racial and Ethnic Bias in AI Models: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Google Bard

Reducing Racial and Ethnic Bias in AI Models: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Google Bard
(Reducing Racial and Ethnic Bias in AI Models: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Google Bard)

  • Author(s):Tavishi Choudhary
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Media studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:115-124
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:data bias; digital law; diversity; ethical artificial intelligence;
  • Summary/Abstract:53% of adults in the US acknowledge racial bias as a significant issue, 23% of Asian adults experience cultural and ethnic bias, and more than 60% conceal their cultural heritage after racial abuse (Ruiz 2023). AI models like ChatGPT and Google Bard, trained on historically biased data, inadvertently amplify racial and ethnic bias and stereotypes. This paper addresses the issue of racial bias in AI models using scientific, evidence-based analysis and auditing processes to identify biased responses from AI models and develop a mitigation tool. The methodology involves creating a comprehensive database of racially biased questions, terms, and phrases from thousands of legal cases, Wikipedia, and surveys, and then testing them on AI Models and analyzing the responses through sentiment analysis and human evaluation, and eventually creation of an 'AI-BiasAudit,' tool having a racial-ethnic database for social science researchers and AI developers to identify and prevent racial bias in AI models.
The Role of Religious Education in Promoting Active Pluralism in Belgium

The Role of Religious Education in Promoting Active Pluralism in Belgium
(The Role of Religious Education in Promoting Active Pluralism in Belgium)

  • Author(s):Claudia Matei (Varga)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History of Church(es), Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:125-140
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:active pluralism; interreligious education; cultural diversity;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the context of the growing cultural and religious diversity in contemporary society, religious education plays a crucial role in promoting mutual understanding and respect. This article explores the concept of "active pluralism" and its relevance in the current educational landscape, contrasting it with traditional models of religious education such as mono-religious and multireligious approaches. By examining educational theories and practices, the article highlights the advantages of interreligious education, which encourages active dialogue and empathetic understanding among students of different faiths. Additionally, the challenges and criticisms of passive pluralism are discussed, along with solutions for more effective implementation of interreligious education. The study focuses on the historical and educational context of Belgium, offering insights into how active pluralism can be effectively integrated into school curricula. The conclusions suggest that active pluralism and interreligious education are essential for developing an inclusive society capable of managing religious diversity in a constructive and harmonious manner.
A Study of Maya Angelou’s Memoir I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings: A Tryst with Selective Mutism

A Study of Maya Angelou’s Memoir I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings: A Tryst with Selective Mutism
(A Study of Maya Angelou’s Memoir I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings: A Tryst with Selective Mutism)

  • Author(s):Bhattacharyya Suchandana
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Other Language Literature, American Literature
  • Page Range:141-146
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:selective mutism; disability; self-expression; African American literature;
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper explores how Angelou records the extent and degree of debilitation endured by her body and mind, as she initially sinks into selective mutism and gradually reverts her situation into her creative strength of resistance in her memoir, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. In this first volume of her autobiographical narrative, she probes the impact of her mutism upon her psyche leading to an extreme inability to express how both her body and mind had been mutilated beyond repair. However, what is most intriguing is the self-enforced silence she withdraws into caused by her belief that words had terrible consequences. This reverse psychology in which the victim bears the guilt, is set aright when she is finally able to break free from her mutism. The scars that she bore from the tender age of eight left her with the epiphany that “there is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you”. Therefore, her disabled self, threatened into silence, gradually willed itself to heal. This transition from mutism to self-expression, as recorded in this volume of her memoir, creates scope for introspection as to how a form of disability can eventually ignite the most articulate expression of selfhood.
Aspects of Religious Experience in the Thought of Norman L. Geisler and Friedrich Schleiermacher

Aspects of Religious Experience in the Thought of Norman L. Geisler and Friedrich Schleiermacher
(Aspects of Religious Experience in the Thought of Norman L. Geisler and Friedrich Schleiermacher)

  • Author(s):Florin Ludușan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:147-152
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Philosophy of religion; transcendent; religious experience; moral experience;
  • Summary/Abstract:In contemporary thought, the philosophy of religion has risen again despite attempts to remove God from the sphere of philosophical concerns. This paper explores the concept of general religious experience, defined as the totality of consciousness underlying particular experiences that is accessible to most people, with the lowest level of general religious experience being called primary consciousness. Religious experience includes transcendence in the sense of the object of religious experience, without putting the equivalent sign between the Transcendent and the Christian idea of God. This paper aims to examine the characteristics of religious experience, its relationship with other forms of human experience, and its significance in human consciousness and behavior. By examining these aspects, this study intends to contribute to the ongoing dialogue between philosophy and religious studies, offering insights into the enduring relevance of religious experience.
Strategic Issues in Financial Governance: A Scientific Exploration of Internal Control and Digital Innovation for Business Success

Strategic Issues in Financial Governance: A Scientific Exploration of Internal Control and Digital Innovation for Business Success
(Strategic Issues in Financial Governance: A Scientific Exploration of Internal Control and Digital Innovation for Business Success)

  • Author(s):Mehdi Araberami, Azzeddine Allioui
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:153-162
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Internal control; Audit; Digitalization; Financial performance;
  • Summary/Abstract:This comprehensive study delves into the dynamic interplay between internal control, audit, and digitalization within the context of Royal Air Maroc (RAM). Drawing from both literature insights and real-world experiences, the discussion emphasizes the pivotal role of effective internal control and audit practices in enhancing a company's performance. The literature review underscores the significance of employee involvement, clear communication, and the role of digitalization in modernizing control procedures. In parallel, the internship experience at RAM aligns with these principles, highlighting the importance of well-trained staff, benchmarking, and the willingness to adapt. The discussion further explores the challenges and opportunities presented by the digitalization of internal control, emphasizing the need for a strategic approach to gain buy-in from operational teams. The results accentuate the importance of internal control in preventing errors and fraud, making a compelling case for a continuous improvement mindset. The report advocates for effective communication to bridge the understanding gap between departments, underscoring the symbiotic relationship between audit and internal control. Additionally, the role of digitalization, encompassing technologies like Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and data mining, is emphasized as a key enabler for optimal processes and enhanced performance.
Experiences of Parents with Children Having Learning Disabilities and/or ADHD in Pakistan

Experiences of Parents with Children Having Learning Disabilities and/or ADHD in Pakistan
(Experiences of Parents with Children Having Learning Disabilities and/or ADHD in Pakistan)

  • Author(s):Shazia Nasir, Sharifah Muzlia, Hamimah Hashim, Fatin Aliana
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Family and social welfare, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
  • Page Range:163-172
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:learning disabilities; parents; emotional trauma; financial stress;
  • Summary/Abstract:This interpretive phenomenological qualitative research study explored the psychological and emotional experiences of parents with children having specific learning disabilities in Pakistan. Focus group discussions with five parents were conducted on Zoom. After the data collection from each of the participants was assessed, a cross-case analysis of the data was completed to develop a list of the themes common among the participants. The sub-themes and the themes originated from the codes are: (1) Parents’ Challenges, with the sub-themes of Parenting Style, Emotional Responses and Sufferings; and (2) Support from Academia with the sub-themes of Relationship with the teachers, Financial Stress and Modifications in Assessments/ Examinations. The themes originated after the focus group discussion with the five parents contain the struggle of the parents of LD children in preparing them to do better academically and socially. The findings revealed that parents of children with learning disabilities have a very challenging and demanding role. Their struggles and challenges are more exhausting emotionally, physically, and financially. Parents struggle to identify academic problems faced by children due to lack of awareness, which adds to their struggle as well as the children. Parents are the primary caretakers and guardians and are responsible for the upbringing of their children. It is not easy being a parent, but the situation gets difficult when children are identified with learning disabilities.
The Components of Integrity in the Academic Environment

The Components of Integrity in the Academic Environment
(The Components of Integrity in the Academic Environment)

  • Author(s):Bogdan David
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Higher Education , Educational Psychology, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
  • Page Range:173-176
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Academic integrity; fairness; professionalism; respect;
  • Summary/Abstract:This endeavor aims to highlight some of the components of academic integrity, specifically those related to fairness, professionalism and respect. We believe that these three basic structural components, the emollient of academic integrity from which they derive and the other components we find can also be called principles. Academic integrity plays a vital role in academia and has a number of benefits and significant importance. This ensures an environment where students can acquire knowledge and skills in a fair and equitable manner. Academic ethics and integrity are essential to the proper functioning of academia. They provide a fair, equitable and incredible framework for the development of knowledge, promoting authentic learning, collaboration and core academic values.
Weight Training Builds Confidence, Grit, and Satisfaction in Adolescents

Weight Training Builds Confidence, Grit, and Satisfaction in Adolescents
(Weight Training Builds Confidence, Grit, and Satisfaction in Adolescents)

  • Author(s):Kim Sujong, Esther Jung
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Behaviorism, Family and social welfare
  • Page Range:177-181
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:style weight training; strength training, gym; well being; emotional; mental health;
  • Summary/Abstract:Teenagers from the ages of 13 through 19 enter puberty, and their interests and body changes due to hormonal fluctuations. They become more concerned with their appearance and also get more sensitive about how they are perceived, especially regarding their reputation. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of weight training on the mental health of adolescents within this age group. A survey of 21 students, including 12 weight trainers and 9 non-weight trainers, indicated that weight training significantly improves confidence, grit, and satisfaction. Engaging in weight training during this critical developmental period provides a great foundation for teenagers during puberty, and prepares them for the future. Rather than getting distracted and consumed by video games, social media, alcohol, and other bad habits to feel better about themselves during this stressful life phase, weight training provides a healthy way to cultivate one’s mindset, self-affect, and physical health—a gamechanger for teenagers’ well-being.
Special Measures to Investigate Computer Crime

Special Measures to Investigate Computer Crime
(Special Measures to Investigate Computer Crime)

  • Author(s):Maria Gabriela Zoană
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
  • Page Range:182-188
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:computer crimes; computer attacks; computer fraud investigation;
  • Summary/Abstract:Investigating fraud committed through computer systems requires an increasingly elaborate and innovative methodology due to the fact that judicial bodies are forced to keep up with the accelerated development of criminal networks and advanced techniques for committing computer crimes, the Internet becoming a difficult space controllable and immense for victims and offenders due to its cross-border nature. The complexity of forensic investigations is due to the difficulty in identifying the real author of the crime in question and the timely detection of the commission of computer crimes. The vulnerability associated with computer systems and the multiple possibilities of long-distance action by criminals create advanced levers for forensic investigation of this type of crime. The European Union shows a constant concern for limiting and combating computer crime and has created the general legal framework that allows member states to homogenize national legislation by referring to the Council of Europe Convention of 23.11.2001 on computer crime, strengthened by Directive 2013/40/EU of the Parliament European and Council of 12.08.2013 on attacks against computer systems. Recently, the European Parliament adopted on 13.03.2024 the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence, the first harmonized European legislative proposal in the field of artificial intelligence, a regulation that focuses on the major risks that the authorities must consider. New technologies and the scale of the development and use of artificial intelligence create even greater difficulties for judicial bodies in preventing, detecting, investigating and combating computer crimes.
Legal Protection of Water - an Analysis from an Administrative Law Perspective

Legal Protection of Water - an Analysis from an Administrative Law Perspective
(Legal Protection of Water - an Analysis from an Administrative Law Perspective)

  • Author(s):Emilia Elena Ștefan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Administrative Law
  • Page Range:189-194
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:drinking water; public service; public authority;
  • Summary/Abstract:This study proposes an analysis of water in general and drinking water in particular, considering that it is indispensable for living on our beautiful blue planet. Water wastage, floods, global warming, wars, waste of all kinds, and pollution, are just some of the causes that can endanger natural water resources, with a direct effect on the present but also on future generations. From this perspective, in relation to climate change, the subject is topical and of interest to both specialists and private individuals, because water is consumed by everyone and it is in the public interest to protect it. The scope of the study is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of water from an interdisciplinary perspective, taking administrative law as a starting point. In terms of methodology, the paperwork is divided into three parts: part I will analyze the national legal framework on water, part II will present relevant international documents describing drinking water standards, and part III will identify several current issues related to public water supply service arising from day-to-day work of public administration. The paperwork will conclude that citizens and public authorities on all continents must behave responsibly on a daily basis in order not to waste water, which is both a legal and a moral obligation.
Wars and Military Conflicts from a Biblical Point of View: A Pentecostal Perspective

Wars and Military Conflicts from a Biblical Point of View: A Pentecostal Perspective
(Wars and Military Conflicts from a Biblical Point of View: A Pentecostal Perspective)

  • Author(s):Alin Boloca
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Biblical studies, Sociology of Religion, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:195-202
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:War and armed conflicts; compassion; preservation of human life; Christian viewpoints; pacifism; activism;
  • Summary/Abstract:The issue of wars and military conflicts is one of the most significant social challenges confronting humanity today. The establishment of the United Nations aimed to protect future generations from the consequences of warfare by maintaining international peace and security. Regrettably, whether we realize it or not, we are part of a violent world where war and armed conflict still permeate our world today, and the number of armed conflicts and wars is alarmingly high. War is a problem that has both old and new connotations. The studies conducted so far to establish the number of armed conflicts and wars differ from one researcher to another, but their numbers are very high. These conflicts are characterized by brief interludes of peace, significant direct and collateral casualties, substantial economic losses, and far-reaching consequences, leaving deep scars on those directly affected and their descendants (Jongman 2005, 2-3). This study endeavors to analyze the Christian perspective on war, addressing questions related to the attitude of Christian and Pentecostal believers toward contemporary and topical issues concerning war and armed conflicts.
The Ethics of Borrowing in the Vision of Charles Haddon Spurgeon

The Ethics of Borrowing in the Vision of Charles Haddon Spurgeon
(The Ethics of Borrowing in the Vision of Charles Haddon Spurgeon)

  • Author(s):Iosif Anca
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Pastoral Theology, Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:203-208
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Spurgeon; loans; creditors; refunds;
  • Summary/Abstract:Recognizing the vulnerabilities of debtors, C. H. Spurgeon, through his rich imagination, wanted to offer a model of good practice that rejects any lending that is not fully covered by the borrower's financial possibilities or material assets. In doing so, he sought to draw attention to the risks that those who resort to such practices run and the inappropriateness of excuses for those who can no longer pay the debts they have incurred. Spurgeon argues that financial ignorance and immaturity cost enormously when one resorts to borrowing. On the other hand, this paper will investigate Spurgeon's openness to forms of borrowing that do not involve any further cost except gratitude or thanksgiving. The analysis will focus on how he approached God's grace given to humanity, but also on His great work in creation or in our fellow man, in which he considered that we find an inexhaustible source of resources that one can borrow without fear of having something to lose.
Religious Education in the Context of Interculturality

Religious Education in the Context of Interculturality
(Religious Education in the Context of Interculturality)

  • Author(s):Vasile Priala
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Globalization, Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:209-215
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:God; education; religion; education religious;
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to highlight the significance of religious education in shaping the character and personality of young individuals. It emphasizes the need to make religious education relevant in the contemporary world, whether or not the country has a denominational religious education system. Educational models must be suitable for all pupils, as society is becoming more diverse and the world more globalized. Religion is about beliefs and behaviors, not just the school teaching of a subject. Educating also involves the spiritual formation of children, which takes place in public schools, but also within the family or in local churches. The communities in which we live must be inclusive and learning must be based on Christian values and the promotion of healthy behavior. By incorporating these values into everyday life, we can have strong communities where people live in harmony with each other, regardless of their differences.
The Concept of Eros in Plato's Philosophy and the Concept of Agape in Christian Thought

The Concept of Eros in Plato's Philosophy and the Concept of Agape in Christian Thought
(The Concept of Eros in Plato's Philosophy and the Concept of Agape in Christian Thought)

  • Author(s):Corneliu Ben Buzguța
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Ancient Philosphy, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:216-228
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:eros; agape; Plato; Christian thought; love;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper delves into the philosophical underpinnings and theological significance of the concepts of Eros and Agape, exploring their origins, and implications in their respective contexts. In examining Plato's dialogues "Symposium" and "Phaedrus," the fundamental aspects of Eros in his philosophy are investigated, discussing its enduring influence and relevance today. Following this, the concept of Agape in Christian thought is explored, focusing on its presentation in the New Testament and the innovative perspectives it brought to the understanding of love. Key aspects of Agape love in Christian thought are identified, illustrating how Agape reconsiders religious and moral values, transforming traditional thinking. The paper concludes by discussing the opposition and similarities between Eros and Agape, emphasizing that interdisciplinary research on love is prolific and remains open to new avenues of investigation. Both concepts challenge individuals to transcend immediate desires and embrace a more expansive vision of love, encompassing personal growth and selfless devotion. The ongoing dialogue between Eros and Agape continues to enrich our understanding of love and its role in the human experience, providing practical guidance for living a life grounded in love, wisdom, and compassion.eros, agape, Plato, Christian thought, love
The Importance and Evolution of Folk Dance: Tradition-Revival-Identity

The Importance and Evolution of Folk Dance: Tradition-Revival-Identity
(The Importance and Evolution of Folk Dance: Tradition-Revival-Identity)

  • Author(s):Aurelia Sabiescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
  • Page Range:229-232
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:therapeutic function; magic ritual; traditional societies;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the description of the days dedicated to the field research, De Martino studies ad locum tarantism and the aspects that this ancient custom encompasses, guaranteeing solutions to the “crisis of presence”. From this point of view, the magic of traditional societies can be perceived as a compass in understanding the primordial representations of the world, through which De Martino distances himself from Benedetto Croce's optics and seeks to understand the world of magic using Heidegger’s existentialist instruments, that provides answers to the problem of the “crisis of presence” and the “anxiety of history”, through the solution provided by the magic ritual, of the “rescue from the crisis”. In fact, this Heideggerian concept is treated separately in the chapter, trying to follow a series of aspects that can explain the many facets of this existential concept: from individual psychological aspects, such as suffering or fear of death, to the cultural frames of communities, that are contextualized historically. Last but not least, the intention to provide a clear and multi-angular image of tarantism made me investigate in detail De Martino’s itinerary in Lucania, following the way in which the scholar doubled the observation, which followed in detail the specific ritual steps, with the analysis of a theoretical nature, in order to verify to what extent there is a high degree of validity between the intuitions of his thinking and the specific-therapeutic function of the ritual dance. It is known about the relationship of the Italian scholar with Romanian folklore, treated and viewed in comparison with the forms of manifestation of the Italian popular culture. In this context, fascinating aspects and similarities of tarantism and the ritual elements of the Romanian Căluș were noted. By examining the convergence of these cultural practices, we gain a deeper understanding of the universal characteristics present in different folk traditions.
Big Data Inequality

Big Data Inequality
(Big Data Inequality)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics
  • Page Range:233-240
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:big data; data storage; digitalization; Digital Markets Act; sustainability; taxation; wealth transfer;
  • Summary/Abstract:The age of digitalization has led to a rising big data insights trend. Our constant use of digital tools to master our world and our all communication via modern technologies has increased data transfer to be stored and analyzed. As never before, we are now able to derive inferences from big data. The most profitable corporations in the world are currently big data analyzing entities. In an effort to redistribute some of the gains of big data inferences to those who create the information and share their information output on a constant basis, several solutions have been proposed. Granting property rights to information retrieved online is one of the most promising solutions to cope with the fact that corporate capital is gained from our all information sharing online on a constant basis. When considering the establishment of private property rights of one’s own data, the advantage lies in the controllability of information sharing and the monetization of information shared online. At the same time, inequality may be imbued in the idea to ‘sell’ private property data to big data analyzing entities. First, private property rights in data created online could lead to a divide between those who create more interesting and meaningful information by actively using the internet rather than passively consuming it. And people may differ in the degree of useful connections and meaningful conversations with them. Divides between US internet users versus European ones, which already now are skewed towards the US being more active internet users in comparison to Europeans being more passive ones, will rise. The education and income gap may also exacerbate if those with more skilled mindsets or those who can afford more sophisticated technology will be able to produce qualitatively and quantitatively richer data sources. Second, enabling to sell big data would incentivize a productive, active and meaningful use of the internet, which would set positive incentives to develop human capital in general. At the same time, however, there is the problem of abuse in markets. The reason why certain goods are not traded in markets is the fear over abuse and exploitation of minors or specially gifted. Like the restrictions of being able to sell one’s organs in markets as for the fear that people may then start harvesting and exploiting dependents with limited mental capacity; similar restrictions may apply to the sales of internet data. Parents or custodians should not be incentivized to capitalize on their dependents’ data. Third, data brokerage may become a lucrative business if one can sell data online. However, data brokerage platforms may favor certain digitalization hubs in the world which have the legal capacity and technological sophistication to implement high-tech market capitalization from data efficiently and effectively. This logistic peculiarity may hold risks of unjust enrichment of some advanced nations over other less digitalized areas of the world, which may drive the existing economic power divide in the international arena even further in the future. Potential remedies of alternative remedies are to tax big data gains and redistribute some of the gains to those equally whose data serves as building block for big data insights.
The Influence of Selected Consumers' Profile Variables on Online Shopping in Ghana

The Influence of Selected Consumers' Profile Variables on Online Shopping in Ghana
(The Influence of Selected Consumers' Profile Variables on Online Shopping in Ghana)

  • Author(s):Patrick Joel Turkson, Felix Amoah, Joseph Gyamfi Yeboah, Elizabeth Afia Primang Turkson, Laura Novienyo Abla Amoah
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Evaluation research, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:241-247
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Online shopping; gender; age; marital status; highest educational level
  • Summary/Abstract:This study examined online shopping by highlighting the variations in consumer profiles using selected variables such as gender, age, highest educational level, and marital status. Data was collected through an online survey sent via email to respondents. The online survey was conducted within four months in 2023. A convenience sampling technique was employed to select the total respondents of 437, which constituted the sample size of the study. A 100% response rate was attained. Descriptive statistics, comparing means, and the ANOVA test were employed to analyze the data collected. SPSS version 26 was the statistical tool used for the analysis of the collected data. The study revealed that males aged between 31 and 40, post-graduates, and single mothers mostly shop online frequently. Differences in gender, age, and marital status influence online shopping, however, the highest educational level does not influence online shopping.
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