Традиција и трансформација. Политичке и друштвене промене у Србији и Југославији у 20. веку

Историјска упоришта и савремене могућности употребе традиције и културног наслеђа

Историјска упоришта и савремене могућности употребе традиције и културног наслеђа
(Historical Perspectives and Modern Possibilities of Using Tradition and Cultural Heritage)

Author(s):Miroslav Perišić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Ethnohistory, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Sociology of Culture, 19th Century
Page Range:17-26
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Tradition; cultural heritage; 19th century; national liberation; Serbia;
Summary/Abstract:Српски народ се определио за Европу 1804. године када је започео борбу за ослобођење од турске власти и повратак у цивилизацијски круг којем припада а од којег је неколико векова раније насилно одвојен. Историја Србије у 19. веку у многим сегментима више је саставни део историје Европе него што није. Шта је то што је у том веку Србију спајало са Европом? То, свакако, нису апстрактна залагања за европску будућност. Уз помоћ и у сарадњи са појединим европским државама Србија је повела и довршила борбу за национално ослобођење. Од 1804. развијала је дипломатију, изграђивала институције, ударала темеље модерне државности, изборила државну независност и добила међународно признање. Из једног „празног простора“ или „безвременог света“, како историчари називају период српске историје под турском влашћу због тога што се о њему недовољно зна, Србија је постала део европског политичког, културног, економског и цивилизацијског простора. Политичке везе са европским дворовима и успешна дипломатија донеле су Србији 19. века историјски резултат – признање државне независности. [...]

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Идеолошке интерпретације традиције и модернизације: неразумевање улоге војног фактора

Идеолошке интерпретације традиције и модернизације: неразумевање улоге војног фактора
(Ideological Interpretation of Tradition and Modernization: Misunderstanding of the Role of the Military Factor)

Author(s):Mile Bjelajac
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Sociology of Culture, Philosophy of History
Page Range:27-46
No. of Pages:20
Keywords:Tradition; modernization; ideological interpretation; military factor; historiography;
Summary/Abstract:Пре разматрања једне овакве теме, читалац мора увек имати на уму да не постоји нешто јединствено што би назвали „српска историографија“ и њој насупрот „светска историографија“. Једна – априорно претежно „традиционална“ (често обележена као „националистичка“ или „митоманска“), друга – модерна, баштиник нових метода, избалансирана. По нашем разумевању и искуству постоји низ индивидуалних подухвата на обе стране, али и трендови, вододелнице међу њима које са много скрупула треба идентификовати и обележити. Дебате о традицији и модернизацији на овом простору не воде се само у крилу историјске науке, подједнако су укључени социолози, антрополози, правници, економисти и други. Ако су историчари обзирни према карактеру извора (нажалост не сви) код других дисциплина често мањкају знања из историје општег друштвеног контекста неког времена. Историчари, с друге стране, нису понекад обзирни према социолошким, економским или социопсихолошким категоријама. У више радова упозоравали смо на непознавање, али и олако баратање теоријама и моделима који су развијени на основу потпуно друге историјске емпирије од оне на коју их поједини аутори шаблонски примењују. [...]

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О историјским и социолошким детерминантама (псеудо)модернизације Србије

О историјским и социолошким детерминантама (псеудо)модернизације Србије
(On the Historical and Sociological Determinants of (Pseudo)Modernization of Serbia)

Author(s):Vladan Z. Jovanović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Social Philosophy, Social development, Social Theory, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Philosophy of History
Page Range:47-75
No. of Pages:29
Keywords:Pseudo-modernization; Serbia; historical determinants; sociological determinants; transformation; traditional vs modern;
Summary/Abstract:Теорије модернизације су у основи теорије трансформације националних држава и друштава, па су и радови о трансформацијским процесима заправо најчешће посвећени разним појавним облицима модернизације. Постоји сагласност теоретичара да је модернизација вид друштвене промене који је и трансформациони (по свом утицају) и прогресиван (према својим ефектима). Иако сложен процес широког обима, она не мора нужно захватити сваку институцију, али би требало да, попут ланчане реакције, трансформише једну институционалну сферу на такав начин да ова произведе комплементарне трансформације у суседној сфери. У покушају да што прецизније дефинишу модернизацију аутори углавном посежу за дешифровањем контрастног поља које раздваја традиционално од модерног. [...]

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Руска и српска традиција у новим околностима: СССР и Југославија 1918–1941.

Руска и српска традиција у новим околностима: СССР и Југославија 1918–1941.
(Russian and Serbian Tradition under the New Circumstances: USSR and Yugoslavia from 1918 to 1941)

Author(s):Aleksej J. Timofejev
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Political history, International relations/trade, Sociology of Culture, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Sociology of Politics
Page Range:79-101
No. of Pages:23
Keywords:Serbian-Russian relations; World War I; World War II; Revolution 1917; Russian Emigration; Kominterna; Collaboration;
Summary/Abstract:After the February (March) events of 1917 in Russia; Serbian government was left without Russian support in negotiations with the Entente, regarding the future of Southeastern Europe. The provisional government neither wanted nor was able to have its own opinion on the future of the Balkans. The relations between the two countries have become even more tense after the outbreak of the Bolshevik (October) Revolution. The Bolshevik regime was jeopardizing diplomatic position of Serbia by declassifying and publishing top-secret diplomatic documents which included arrangements for future annexations and negotiations on a separate peace. After the Serbian diplomatic missions and military personnel were withdrawn to the Russian territory controlled by the Entente, some of the Serbian officers and soldiers became involved in the Civil War on both sides, although the offi cial Serbian att itude was, in spite of negative stance towards the Bolsheviks, “not to permit the use of Serbian army against the Russians.” During the interwar period there were two active social phenomena connected with former Russia - the political influence of the Comintern and the Russian emigration. Conservative circles gathered around Serbian King Aleksandar and Patriarch Varnava, who represented the most important patrons of Russian emigration in interwar Yugoslavia, were directly opposed to any relationship with the Bolsheviks. Yet in 1930s a new generation of Serbian politicians grew up which was culturally oriented towards France while politically it was inclined towards the United Kingdom; this generation of Yugoslav politicians was active in Soviet era and they had no recollections of imperial Russian era. On the other hand, the right-wing, anticommunist majority of Russian emigration, traditionally close to the Russian-German cultural ties, even though unable to understand the imperial nature of Nazism, was sympathetic to the Nazi Germany. In fact, it was a tragic discord between the Russian emigration in Yugoslavia and a signifi cant part of the Serbian people. The interwar activities of Comintern, KPJ and VKP (b) had an obvious anti-government impact, which accelerated the deterioration of Serbian-Russian relations. The infl uence of the Russian Revolution and the Soviet experience was quite obvious in the future actions of Yugoslav Bolsheviks. The Yugoslav political emigration in interwar Soviet Union was also aff ected by strong impressions of Stalinist repression. On the other hand, many Russian emigrants and exponents of Soviet policy took part in the Second World War in Yugoslavia, which strengthened the spirit of civil war and resistance. As the war ended, Russian society overcame the most of mental divisions caused by the civil war, while the situation in Yugoslavia and Serbia was quite the opposite. The liberation of eastern Yugoslav territories from the German armed forces, achieved by both partisan (cca. 40 thousand members of the National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia) and Soviet (300 thousand troops and Red Army) troops was followed by installation of a brutal one-party dictatorship of Soviet model. After the world wars era the ideological closeness between the most of Serbian and Russian people became more appreciable as the new period of ideological emanations from Russia was devoid of former ideological concepts. In this dramatic period, Serbs and Russians have established closer relations than ever before.

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„Произвођење“ хероја. Школовање југословенских дечака у суворовским војним школама у СССР-у 1945–1954.

„Произвођење“ хероја. Школовање југословенских дечака у суворовским војним школама у СССР-у 1945–1954.
(„Making“ Heroes. Education of Yugoslav Schoolboys in Suvorovsky Military Schools in USSR, 1945−1954)

Author(s):Sanja Petrović Todosijević
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Education, Civil Society, Military history, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:103-129
No. of Pages:27
Keywords:Yugoslavia; the USSR; "children fighters"; childhood; army; WWII; co-workers; education; OUN; Red Cross;
Summary/Abstract:The att itude of the new Yugoslav state towards the children-warriors or „children soldiers” was not identical to the treatment that other children had. Considering them – as a socially handicapped category, on one hand, but also as those who were expected to give the greatest contributions in the future since they grew up „in the State’s bosom”, on the other – Yugoslav government decided in September 1945 to send more than ninety boys aged 9–14 to a few military colleges in Suvorovsky, USSR. Sending Yugoslav boys to Soviet schools was not only a proof of good bilateral relations, but it also demonstrated a huge desire of the new Yugoslav authorities to build their own army according to the Soviet patt ern. The severance between Yugoslavia and USSR in 1948 permanently determined the destiny of the Yugoslav schoolboys, located in Suvorovsky military schools. Available military sources say that more than sixty schoolboys (out of ninety) remained in USSR, while the others have returned to Yugoslavia before September 1948. In April 1953 Yugoslavia launched an initiative through the United Nations for the return of Yugoslav citizens` children.

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Односи између Српске и Бугарске православне цркве у периоду 1918−1941. године

Односи између Српске и Бугарске православне цркве у периоду 1918−1941. године
(Relations between Serbian and Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the period 1918−1941)

Author(s):Radmila Radić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):History of Church(es), International relations/trade, Politics and religion, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Eastern Orthodoxy, Sociology of Religion
Page Range:131-159
No. of Pages:29
Keywords:Kingdom of SHS / Yugoslavia; Kingdom of Bulgaria; Serbian Orthodox Church; Bulgarian Orthodox Church;
Summary/Abstract:Serbian and Bulgarian Orthodox Church entered into a process of gradual rapprochement during the interwar period. The process was aiming to overcome feelings of mutual distrust and bitterness caused by the ongoing implications of the ‘Macedonian Question’ and maltreatment of the Serbian priesthood under the Bulgarian occupation of Serbia during World War I. An important role of intermediary in this process of reconciliation was played by organization ‘The World Alliance for International Friendship through the Churches’. After the church delegates faced many difficulties; a final breakthrough in negotiations took place on the meetings held in the monastery of Rila in Bulgaria in 1933 and the monastery of St. Naum in Ohrid in 1936. Since then, the relations between the two churches became more or less sett led until the April War in Yugoslavia in 1941. Namely, as a consequence of the partition of the Yugoslav territory the Bulgarian Orthodox Church had assumed jurisdiction over three Serbian Orthodox Church dioceses in Macedonia.

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Југословенско-Бугарска лига у Београду

Југословенско-Бугарска лига у Београду
(Yugoslav-Bulgarian League in Belgrade)

Author(s):Bojan V. Simić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
Page Range:161-177
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:Kingdom of Yugoslavia; Bulgaria; Yugoslav-Bulgarian League; Balkan;
Summary/Abstract:The Yugoslav-Bulgarian League in Belgrade was founded on 24 September 1933. Its main task was „to study the social conditions in Bulgaria in economic, political, and cultural-educational terms as well as to spread the idea on Yugoslav-Bulgarian brotherhood as a common interest of vital significance“. Governing bodies of the League were Executive and Supervisory Board whose members were elected by the League`s Assembly. This representative body, consisted of members who have regularly paid dues, was responsible for the entire operation of the League, including its reports and proclamations. At the same time, there was established a similar association in Sofia, the main partner of the League. During the interwar period, the Yugoslav-Bulgarian League in Belgrade created, organized, supported and participated in a number of cultural and business events related to the promotion of Yugoslav-Bulgarian rapprochement. The most important among them were exhibitions, concerts, literary evenings, field trips, parties, etc. The Belgrade League had published eight books during its existence. Yugoslav-Bulgarian rapprochement was also achieved by frequent mutual visits organized by both Belgrade and Sofia Association. In April 1941, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria became enemies again which restored hostility, denying all the positive results that Yugoslav-Bulgarian League in Belgrade and similar associations on both sides enthusiastically made.

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СФРЈ – Италија: последњи Титов допринос билатералној сарадњи

СФРЈ – Италија: последњи Титов допринос билатералној сарадњи
(SFRY – Italy: Tito’s Final Contribution to the Bilateral Cooperation)

Author(s):Petar Dragišić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:179-194
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Yugoslavia; Italy; Tito; Pertini; 1979; bilateral cooperation; territorial dispute;
Summary/Abstract:The resolution of the territorial dispute between Italy and Tito’s Yugoslavia, as a result of the London and Osimo agreements in 1954 and 1975 respectively, paved the way for improving the Yugoslav-Italian relations. The process of normalization encouraged close political and economic cooperation between the two countries as well as considerable Italian cultural influence in Yugoslavia. Besides, the Yugoslav-Italian rapprochement was reflected in frequent high-level contacts between the political elites of Yugoslavia and Italy during the 1960s and 1970s. During his visit to Yugoslavia, in October 1979, the Italian president Sandro Pertini discussed with the Yugoslav party and state leader, Josip Broz Tito, the most important aspects of the Yugoslav-Italian relations as well as the burning global issues, such as the situation in the Middle East and Indochina, the détente, the non-alignment as well as the Italian role in the European Economic Community. The transcripts of the conversations between the two veteran politicians and their teams, which took place on 11 and 12 October 1979, indicate the highest level of mutual cooperation as well as their similar attitudes towards a broad spectrum of global topics, such as the détente, the Non-Aligned Movement, the situation in the Middle East and Indochina. The two presidents signaled their readiness to sett le the remaining disputes between the two countries, in particular concerning the rights of the Italian minority in Yugoslavia as well as the Croatian and Slovenian communities in Italy. Pertini and Tito expressed satisfaction with the improvement of the relations between Yugoslavia and Italy despite their opposite ideological preferences and their participation in the different global coalitions – the North Atlantic Alliance and the Non-Aligned Movement respectively.

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Обим и структура капитала у текстилној индустрији Краљевине СХС

Обим и структура капитала у текстилној индустрији Краљевине СХС
(The Volume and Structure of Financial Investments in Textile Industry of the Kingdom of SHS)

Author(s):Jelena Rafailović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):National Economy, Governance, Economic history, Political history, Economic policy, Economic development, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:197-218
No. of Pages:22
Keywords:Textile industry; Kingdom of SHS; capital; financial investments; economic history;
Summary/Abstract:The paper analyzes the volume and structure of financial investments in textile industry of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In addition to this main inquiry it deals also with the issue of the so-called nationalization of financial capital in the first post-war years. While higher equity, growth balance and greater participation of foreign capital were typical for the textile industry in Croatia and Slovenia, the rest of the country was dominated by medium-sized enterprises, owned by local manufacturers. Territorial distribution of foreign industrial investments shows that foreign capital had the strongest position in the textile industry in Croatia and Slovenia, while in other parts of the Kingdom, especially in the prewar Kingdom of Serbia, the financial capital was in hands of local industrialists. A significant growth of textile industry in Croatia – Slavonia during this period leads to the question, asked by Marie-Janine Čalić: namely, whether (and to what extent) Serbia has benefited economically from the unification with their South Slavic neighbors? Although a number of economic historians argue that Serbian industry had benefi ted in this respect, the analysis of textile industry could not confi rm this standpoint; on the contrary – the greater market was more convenient to the northwestern parts of the country. However, for a more reliable asssesments of this issue it is necessary to deal with the entire Yugoslav economy from a broader chronological perspective.

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Бакшиш и државна интервенција. Чиновничка корупција у Краљевини СХС

Бакшиш и државна интервенција. Чиновничка корупција у Краљевини СХС
(Small Bribes and State Intervention. The Corruption in the State Administration of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes)

Author(s):Aleksandar R. Miletić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Public Administration, Political history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Human Resources in Economy, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:219-236
No. of Pages:18
Keywords:bribery; abuse; trade policy; housing relations; emigration policy;
Summary/Abstract:A general increase in corruption in public administration was one of the “legacies” left after the Great War. The unprecedented hardships of daily life and the general impoverishment affected all strata of European societies during the war. This was particularly true for the territories under the control of the Central Powers which were cut off from their traditional sources of raw materials and food during the war. The misery of malnutrition and disease reduced human preoccupations to concerns for essential biological needs and mere survival. In many ways, this led to the erosion of basic presumptions of honesty and morality among the general public level, and state personnel were not immune from this general trend. On the contrary, their position became complicated because of the new roles assumed by the state for the control over the wartime economy and society. The numerous new responsibilities and areas of influence demanded that state officials at all echelons of the administration be entrusted with expanded powers. On the other hand, their average real income was declining ever more from its prewar level. The low–paid national bureaucracies deviated greatly from the ideal rational bureaucracy imagined by Max Weber. According to the research of Yugoslav/Croatian economist Mijo Mirković, during the period between 1913 and 1925, the Yugoslav state employees’ earnings were reduced by more than 50 percent. To what extent did this war-related and prolonged degradation affect the “moral infrastructure” of Yugoslav state personnel? What was the level of the administrative performance and efficiency that might have been expected from low–paid personnel? This article attempts to answer these questions by examining administrative performance of Yugoslav state personnel while it was engaged in state interventionist policies in domains of control over housing relations, over foreign trade and emigration process. In each of these domains of public affairs the state agenda was compromised by the general system of misconduct and corruption that occurred in the state administration. Low-level corruption and abuses started to appear as state officials gained the right to make arbitrary decisions on each individual problem or application. In the field of housing policy, the requisitioning practices proved to be nothing more than a cover-up for extortion and different schemes of misuse and corruption by state officials. In domain of the trade controls, the license trade regime became notorious for the wide-spread corruption involved in its procedures and conduct. The control over emigration affairs ended up in an elaborated system of extortion of applicants. Instead of serving and protecting the interests of citizens, the poorly paid administrative personnel in Belgrade tried to improve their own material position by abusing their powers. State competencies were not only violated but they also ended up serving the private interests of state employees. In view of this outcome, one wonders whether citizens might not have been better off if the state had not intervened in these affairs at all. Study of corruption in the Yugoslav public administration provides a good insight into the basic administrative limits of its “human infrastructure”. This should be taken into account when considering (possible) outcomes and concrete results of the Yugoslav state policy in the interwar period.

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Политичко опредељивање сељаштва у Србији између два светска рата

Политичко опредељивање сељаштва у Србији између два светска рата
(Political Orientation of Peasantry in Serbia between the Two World Wars)

Author(s):Momčilo Isić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Civil Society, Political history, Social history, Rural and urban sociology, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Sociology of Politics
Page Range:237-252
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Peasantry; Serbia 1918-1941; politics; authority; elections; agitation;
Summary/Abstract:As a dominant social class within the country’s population and as a social group which suffered most of the war casualties, Serbian peasantry had provided a crucial contribution to the creation of Yugoslav state in 1918. It remained a reservoir of manpower and of physical, moral and economic strength of the Serbian people in the Yugoslav Kingdom, serving as a faithful guardian of „national thought“ and tradition. However, the peasantry failed to assume a greater political influence in the country. The main reasons for quite a passive and marginal status of Serbian peasantry in political life were its backwardness, fear of authorities and its economic underdevelopment. Regardless of the fact that political parties have usually betrayed the peasants` expectations, Serbian peasantry continued to enter the polls and to vote. Actually, the peasantry was „voting” rather than having opportunity to choose between political options. One cannot say it was outwitted by unrealistic promises, more likely it was under the influence of traditional belief that the state must be attributed with the power, no matter what. The state interests were a kind of „sanctity” for a peasant in interwar Serbia.

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Промене у аграрној структури изазване расељавањем становништва на простору Југославије у току Другог светског рата

Промене у аграрној структури изазване расељавањем становништва на простору Југославије у току Другог светског рата
(Changes in Structure of Agriculture in Yugoslavia caused by Population Displacement during the Second World War)

Author(s):Srđan Milošević
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Agriculture, Economic history, Social history, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Migration Studies, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:253-279
No. of Pages:27
Keywords:The Second World War; Yugoslavia (1941-1945); colonization 1919-1941 (revision); agrarian structure; agricultural holdings; persecution of the population;
Summary/Abstract:Both occupiers’ partition of Yugoslavia in 1941 and the establishment of the collaborationist regimes caused a major change in many aspects of life, including the agrarian structure of Yugoslav territory and the whole agriculture as well. A number of changes regarding the land property relations have occurred within the occupiers’ zones of partitioned Yugoslavia and in the territory of quisling formations. These were primarily related to the annulment of the interwar agrarian reform and colonization implemented before 1941, which was accomplished by expelling and killing of former settlers. This particularly applies to the area of the so-called Independent State of Croatia, as well as areas under Hungarian, Bulgarian and Italian occupation. Another important aspect was the forced relocation of natives (mostly Slovenes and Serbs) from the area in which they lived. Furthermore, many farms in Yugoslavia were deserted due to a mass destruction and killing of rural population. According to data obtained during the postwar identification of the World War Two consequences, there were 289,000 completely destroyed households in Yugoslavia.

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Главни механизми контроле привреде у социјалистичкој Југославији – од централног планирања до кредитне политике (1947–1964)

Главни механизми контроле привреде у социјалистичкој Југославији – од централног планирања до кредитне политике (1947–1964)
(The Main Mechanisms of State Control over Economy in Socialist Yugoslavia: From Central Planning to Individual Credit Scheme Policy, 1947–1964)

Author(s):Milan Piljak
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):National Economy, Economic history, Political history, Economic policy, Economic development, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:281-296
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:central-planning economy; economic control; economic reform; distribution of funds;
Summary/Abstract:The Communist Party ideology – disillusioned by economic performances of the previous regime of interwar Yugoslavia, and strongly inspired by Soviet economic model and experience – instigated CPY towards central-planning economic system soon after the end of World War Two. Unlike the market economy, where certain limitations and scrutiny over the economy existed, the central-planning was almost everything about the control. Although the Yugoslav leadership was the fi rst (among the Soviet satellites) in introducing the central-planning, it was also the first that have abandoned it. However, that process was slow and painful, lasting for almost two decades. In fact, it never ended but went through considerable changes on the institutional level. This paper is focused on these very institutional leftovers which continued to function within the system. Observed from this institutional point of view, Yugoslavia greatly diverged from Soviet model and experience. Yet, although the Yugoslav pioneer achievements were bringing it closer to the model of mixed economies of the Western Europe, it was still quite far away from there, lacking independent credit institutions, thus still more resembling to other state-socialist countries and economies than to Western ones. The unquestionable role of communist party appeared a major ingredient (shared by Soviets and their allies, including Yugoslavia) in crucial economic decision making.

Price: 4.50 €

Преплитање патријархалности и модерности: утицај политичких и друштвених промена на живот жене у Србији током друге половине 20. века

Преплитање патријархалности и модерности: утицај политичких и друштвених промена на живот жене у Србији током друге половине 20. века
(Interweaving of Patriarchy and Modernity: The Impact of Political and Social Change on a Woman's Life in Serbia during the Second Half of the Twentieth Century)

Author(s):Vera Gudac-Dodić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Gender Studies, Social history, Gender history, Culture and social structure , Social development, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:299-315
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:social transformation; women; patriarchy; tradition; modernity;
Summary/Abstract:The interweaving of patriarchal and emancipatory values in Serbian society during the second half of the twentieth century was manifested in various social segments, shaping the everyday life of women and affecting their lifestyle habits and practices. However, the overcoming patriarchal social inhibitions in socialism were not comprehensive at all. Тhe essential continuities of patriarchal value system and their rootedness in everyday life were often concealed underneath formal changes facilitated by the state. On the other hand, many strongholds of social inequalities have collapsed during the socialist Yugoslavia and Serbia, while the effects of emancipatory politics were evident in many spheres of life. The socialist model of development and transformation led to changes, primarily in the domain of formal gender relations, as well as in education and women employment policy. Regardless of this, an unequal participation of men and women in family chores has survived which produced a gender inequality again, leading to further conflicts regarding the role of a working woman. The coexistence of traditional and modern forms, values and behavior, had more conspicuous demarcation in distinction between urban and rural, among other things. Finally, the apparent differences between the urban and rural women life have remained almost the same even in socialist period.

Price: 4.50 €

Почетак изградње социјалистичког спорта у Србији 1944–1945. године

Почетак изградње социјалистичког спорта у Србији 1944–1945. године
(Beginnings of the Development of Sports in Socialist Serbia, 1944–1945)

Author(s):Dejan Zec
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Political history, Social history, Politics and society, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Sports Studies, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:317-338
No. of Pages:22
Keywords:Sport; physical culture; socialism; reorganization; building;
Summary/Abstract:Throughout its existence, sports in Serbia and Yugoslavia developed, to a large degree, under the influence of politics and various political ideologies. In the Kingdom of Serbia, MPs and government ministers had the power to both help and hinder sporting clubs, and in the return they gained popularity and prestige that went hand in hand with the executive posts in sporting clubs and with the presence in the executive boxes of the stadium terraces. In the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia, sport, among other domains of public interest, represented a ground for clashes between the state officials, which used sporting clubs and organizations as tools for promoting government policies and, starting in 1929, as instrument for spreading the ideology of integral Yugoslavism, and the opposition, both democratic and nationalistic, which also held great influence in sports, especially in the Croatian parts of the country. The socialist period of Yugoslav history was not much different. Totalitarian ideologies paid great attention to sports and physical culture, not just as an ideal medium for self-promotion and advertising the superiority of one’s own political and social model, but also as generally important segments of social and cultural life of one nation, ideal for implementing various models of social engineering. Yugoslav communists paid much attention to the issues of sport and physical culture from the earliest days of their action, continuing the traditions of early socialists, who saw the connection between sports and physical exercise and the general state of nation’s health, especially the health condition of urban working population. Members and officials of the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia participated in the work of Moscow-based Red Sport International (or Sportintern) and other international communist sporting associations and at the same time managed numerous sporting clubs throughout the country. There were hundreds of sporting clubs in Yugoslavia controlled by the communists with thousands of members and competitors. During the Second World War, the communist- controlled National Liberation Army organized numerous sporting events, such as the partisan „Olympics“ in Foča in 1942, sporting games of the youth in Drvar in 1944, football matches in the liberated island of Vis in 1944 or the foundation of the „Partizan“ sports society in Topusko in 1944. Immediately after the liberation of Serbia in 1944, the new public authorities were being established. Due to the need to arrange the pressing issues as soon as possible, sporting life in Serbia was for a while in a sort of a vacuum. Technically speaking, sports and physical culture were at the beginning controlled by the Ministry of Education, but practically, in 1944 was controlled by no one. In 1945 the direction of new sports politics was becoming more obvious – the initiative was left to youth and syndicalist organizations, as well as the army, and they took upon themselves the obligation to reckon with bourgeois tendencies in sports and to set completely new foundations to Serbian sport. Main characteristics of the earliest period of post-war Serbian sporting history were suppression of the old civic sporting clubs and associations and confiscation of their property, creating new clubs, which represented new authorities and social and political organizations, as well as organization of supreme controlling bodies, which were to keep their eyes on the entire sporting life of the nation. The model on which the new clubs were organized can best be seen on the examples of the two Belgrade sporting associations founded in 1945 – „Crvena zvezda“, a club run by Serbian United Antifascist Youth League, and „Partizan“, club run by the Yugoslav army. It is important to mention that control over the sporting clubs was to certain extent decentralized – in the beginning, the main authorities in sports were Physical Culture Councils, which were organized at the level of federal units, which meant that supreme governing body of Serbian sport was the Physical Culture Council of Serbia, while the Yugoslav Physical Culture Council was just a federation of basically autonomous organizations. This meant that different Yugoslav republics actually led quite different sporting policies. The policies especially differed in Serbia and Croatia. Yugoslav sport in the period of socialism was in the constant process of change. With the partial change in the political and ideological course of the state due to the confrontation with the Cominform, the grip on sport was somewhat loosened. The relations in Yugoslav sport also changed when the politics of self-governing was introduced. However, the radical transformation of Serbian sport from the earliest period of communist rule shaped the sport in the second half of the 20th century and some of the decisions then made still linger today.

Price: 5.00 €

Идеолошко-политичке интерпретације средњoвековних тема у уџбеницима историје у Бугарској и у Југославији 1945–1953. Године

Идеолошко-политичке интерпретације средњoвековних тема у уџбеницима историје у Бугарској и у Југославији 1945–1953. Године
(Ideological and Political Interpretations of Medieval Theme in History Textbooks in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, 1945–1953)

Author(s):Olivera Dragišić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Social history, History of Education, State/Government and Education, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Philosophy of History, Politics of History/Memory
Page Range:339-364
No. of Pages:26
Keywords:History textbooks; Middle Ages; Yugoslavia; Bulgaria; Soviet Union;
Summary/Abstract:The ideological and political changes in the Balkans at the end of the Second World War had a great impact on both the publishing policy and the contents of history textbooks. Due to a way in which communism was established in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, as well as because of changes initiated by the Resolution of IB, the educational publishing policies in these two countries were quite different. The Soviet model of a textbook written by Evgeny Alexeyevich Kosminsky „History of the Middle Ages” was translated in both countries, infl uencing changes in interpretations of national history. The model was introduced in Yugoslavia immediately after the war, as a result of a complex ethnic structure, but also due to a desire of Yugoslav communists to present them as a vanguard in spreading the Soviet influence. On the other hand, since Bulgaria was a country of „people’s democracy” (just like GDR, Poland, or Romania), the Soviet textbook was translated and introduced in history teaching as a consequence of consolidation within the Eastern Bloc after the Tito-Stalin conflict. Since the Soviet textbook was concentrated mainly on general history, neglecting the history of Yugoslav and Bulgarian nations, the education authorities in Sofia supplemented their edition with lessons from national history. After the Resolution of IB, the Yugoslav authorities have approved the writing of new history textbooks in which the history of South Slavs preceded the national history of „new Yugoslavia”. The most radical change in history textbooks in both countries concerned the harmonization of national history with the Marxist ideology. Furthermore, the history of the Byzantine Empire was modifi ed in accordance with the requirements of current ideology, while the question of Bulgarian ethnogenesis has undergone signifi cant interpretive changes: due to ideological requirements during the first post-war decade, modern Bulgarians in Bulgarian history textbooks turned from the people of Turkish origin into a purely Slavic nation. All the textbooks published immediately after the Second World War showed a high degree of ideologization of medieval history.

Price: 5.00 €

Параде победе

Параде победе
(Victory Parades)

Author(s):Olga Manojlović-Pintar
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Military history, Political history, Politics and society, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Politics of History/Memory
Page Range:365-378
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:Military parade; Victory Day; 9 May; Non-aligned;
Summary/Abstract:Four Victory Parades were organized in the socialist Yugoslavia on May 9th (1965, 1970, 1975, 1985). Although during the first postwar decades public parades were organized on May 1 – the International Workers Day, the practice was changed when twentieth anniversary of the Victory over Fascism was celebrated in 1965. The main purpose of the military parades was to promote the importance and strength of the Yugoslav People’s Army in the public, but in the same time to constitute the main principle on which Yugoslav collective identity was based. Furthermore, the military parades represented important element strengthening the position of Yugoslavia inside the Non-Alignment movement and in the world politics in general. The article analyses the ways in which the parades were organized and traces their reception and the influence they had on Yugoslav society.

Price: 4.50 €

Музеји, споменици, идентитети и традиције у Топличком крају у 20. веку

Музеји, споменици, идентитети и традиције у Топличком крају у 20. веку
(Museums, Monuments, Identities and Traditions in Toplice Region in 20th Century)

Author(s):Gordana Krivokapić Jović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, History of ideas, Local History / Microhistory, Military history, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
Page Range:379-402
No. of Pages:24
Keywords:Toplica; Prokuplje; National Museum of Toplice; places of memory; historiocal culture; tradition of liberating wars 1912-1918; tradition of National Liberation Struggle 1941-1945;
Summary/Abstract:У чланку се анализирају шири и ужи историјски токови и догађања који су били основа за мапирање пејзажа сећања и изградњу историјске културе Топличког краја и који су учествовали у обликовању јединствене традиције ослободилачких ратова. Представљени су споменици јунацима из ослободилачких ратова 1912–1918, борцима из Народноослободилачког рата и револуције 1941–1945. и споменик Зорану Ђинђићу, као одређени изрази идејних и политичких система, онако како данас постоје и шта данас представљају. Дат је и аналитички приказ унутрашњег садржаја и спољашњег положаја изложбе о Народноослободилачком рату 1941–1945, која се налази у Народном музеју Топлице у Прокупљу.

Price: 5.00 €

Традиција и трансформација. Политичке и друштвене промене у Србији и Југославији у 20. веку Tradition and Transformation. Political and Social Changes in Serbia and Yugoslavia in 20th Century

Историјска упоришта и савремене могућности употребе традиције и културног наслеђа

Историјска упоришта и савремене могућности употребе традиције и културног наслеђа (Historical Perspectives and Modern Possibilities of Using Tradition and Cultural Heritage)

Идеолошке интерпретације традиције и модернизације: неразумевање улоге војног фактора

Идеолошке интерпретације традиције и модернизације: неразумевање улоге војног фактора (Ideological Interpretation of Tradition and Modernization: Misunderstanding of the Role of the Military Factor)

О историјским и социолошким детерминантама (псеудо)модернизације Србије

О историјским и социолошким детерминантама (псеудо)модернизације Србије (On the Historical and Sociological Determinants of (Pseudo)Modernization of Serbia)

Руска и српска традиција у новим околностима: СССР и Југославија 1918–1941.

Руска и српска традиција у новим околностима: СССР и Југославија 1918–1941. (Russian and Serbian Tradition under the New Circumstances: USSR and Yugoslavia from 1918 to 1941)

„Произвођење“ хероја. Школовање југословенских дечака у суворовским војним школама у СССР-у 1945–1954.

„Произвођење“ хероја. Школовање југословенских дечака у суворовским војним школама у СССР-у 1945–1954. („Making“ Heroes. Education of Yugoslav Schoolboys in Suvorovsky Military Schools in USSR, 1945−1954)

Односи између Српске и Бугарске православне цркве у периоду 1918−1941. године

Односи између Српске и Бугарске православне цркве у периоду 1918−1941. године (Relations between Serbian and Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the period 1918−1941)

Југословенско-Бугарска лига у Београду

Југословенско-Бугарска лига у Београду (Yugoslav-Bulgarian League in Belgrade)

СФРЈ – Италија: последњи Титов допринос билатералној сарадњи

СФРЈ – Италија: последњи Титов допринос билатералној сарадњи (SFRY – Italy: Tito’s Final Contribution to the Bilateral Cooperation)

Обим и структура капитала у текстилној индустрији Краљевине СХС

Обим и структура капитала у текстилној индустрији Краљевине СХС (The Volume and Structure of Financial Investments in Textile Industry of the Kingdom of SHS)

Бакшиш и државна интервенција. Чиновничка корупција у Краљевини СХС

Бакшиш и државна интервенција. Чиновничка корупција у Краљевини СХС (Small Bribes and State Intervention. The Corruption in the State Administration of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes)

Политичко опредељивање сељаштва у Србији између два светска рата

Политичко опредељивање сељаштва у Србији између два светска рата (Political Orientation of Peasantry in Serbia between the Two World Wars)

Промене у аграрној структури изазване расељавањем становништва на простору Југославије у току Другог светског рата

Главни механизми контроле привреде у социјалистичкој Југославији – од централног планирања до кредитне политике (1947–1964)

Преплитање патријархалности и модерности: утицај политичких и друштвених промена на живот жене у Србији током друге половине 20. века

Почетак изградње социјалистичког спорта у Србији 1944–1945. године

Почетак изградње социјалистичког спорта у Србији 1944–1945. године (Beginnings of the Development of Sports in Socialist Serbia, 1944–1945)

Идеолошко-политичке интерпретације средњoвековних тема у уџбеницима историје у Бугарској и у Југославији 1945–1953. Године

Параде победе

Параде победе (Victory Parades)

Музеји, споменици, идентитети и традиције у Топличком крају у 20. веку

Музеји, споменици, идентитети и традиције у Топличком крају у 20. веку (Museums, Monuments, Identities and Traditions in Toplice Region in 20th Century)

Традиција и трансформација. Политичке и друштвене промене у Србији и Југославији у 20. веку
Tradition and Transformation. Political and Social Changes in Serbia and Yugoslavia in 20th Century

Историјска упоришта и савремене могућности употребе традиције и културног наслеђа
(Historical Perspectives and Modern Possibilities of Using Tradition and Cultural Heritage)

Идеолошке интерпретације традиције и модернизације: неразумевање улоге војног фактора
(Ideological Interpretation of Tradition and Modernization: Misunderstanding of the Role of the Military Factor)

О историјским и социолошким детерминантама (псеудо)модернизације Србије
(On the Historical and Sociological Determinants of (Pseudo)Modernization of Serbia)

Руска и српска традиција у новим околностима: СССР и Југославија 1918–1941.
(Russian and Serbian Tradition under the New Circumstances: USSR and Yugoslavia from 1918 to 1941)

„Произвођење“ хероја. Школовање југословенских дечака у суворовским војним школама у СССР-у 1945–1954.
(„Making“ Heroes. Education of Yugoslav Schoolboys in Suvorovsky Military Schools in USSR, 1945−1954)

Односи између Српске и Бугарске православне цркве у периоду 1918−1941. године
(Relations between Serbian and Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the period 1918−1941)

Југословенско-Бугарска лига у Београду
(Yugoslav-Bulgarian League in Belgrade)

СФРЈ – Италија: последњи Титов допринос билатералној сарадњи
(SFRY – Italy: Tito’s Final Contribution to the Bilateral Cooperation)

Обим и структура капитала у текстилној индустрији Краљевине СХС
(The Volume and Structure of Financial Investments in Textile Industry of the Kingdom of SHS)

Бакшиш и државна интервенција. Чиновничка корупција у Краљевини СХС
(Small Bribes and State Intervention. The Corruption in the State Administration of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes)

Политичко опредељивање сељаштва у Србији између два светска рата
(Political Orientation of Peasantry in Serbia between the Two World Wars)

Почетак изградње социјалистичког спорта у Србији 1944–1945. године
(Beginnings of the Development of Sports in Socialist Serbia, 1944–1945)

Параде победе
(Victory Parades)

Музеји, споменици, идентитети и традиције у Топличком крају у 20. веку
(Museums, Monuments, Identities and Traditions in Toplice Region in 20th Century)