Proceedings of the 12th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy

Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy
(Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy)

Author(s):David Allen Axelrod
Language:English
Subject(s):Experimental Pschology, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:1-10
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Impression; Expression' Internal Environment; Poverty Trap;
Summary/Abstract:This paper proposes an economic model of psychological energy used toward the production of experiences. A review of ideas at the nexus of economics and psychology, and how they lead to the thesis of this paper, is presented. A simple mathematical economic model is developed, with two main uses of psychological energy toward well-being. These are the generation of impressions (inward experiences that are sense-like) and expression (outward experiences that are action-like). Choosing is understood as investing energy to change the probabilities of an outcome. The model optimizes energy use between intensity of impressions and capacity for expression. For a fixed energy level, as experiential intensity increases resources are substituted out of decision making and implementation, leading to choices of lower utility. If the material losses are substantial during an experience, the share of psychological energy used to modify impressions will increase, and away from influencing seemingly random external outcomes. Over multiple periods, this generates a feedback loop where the person feels increasingly disempowered, and thus less concerned about making better choices. This feedback loop can be stopped by an external entity providing sufficient resources for the person to experience greater expression.

The Impact of Social Variables on Financial Performance

The Impact of Social Variables on Financial Performance
(The Impact of Social Variables on Financial Performance)

Author(s):Christopher Lim
Language:English
Subject(s):Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:11-19
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:social variables; corporate social responsibility; financial performance;
Summary/Abstract:In recent years, the discussion on corporate social responsibility has surged and firm management are seen to devote more efforts and resources towards improving their social image. Even under such intense public scrutiny, product recalls in the electronics, automotive, and healthcare sectors have not declined. Quality issues persist due to the severe competitive pressure to meet time to market’ product launches. Carbon emissions and green-house gases generated by industrial manufacturing, waste disposal, and automotive vehicles also continue to rise. The research purpose was to investigate the impact of individual social variables on financial performance. This research paper used multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between key indicators of corporate social responsibility and financial performance from 372 corporations in the S&P500 in 2014. The theoretical foundation was Freeman’s stakeholder theory. Environment, community, human rights, diversity, employee relations, product quality, and corporate governance were measures of social performance. Return on assets was used to measure financial performance. When independent social variables were evaluated with corporate financial performance, employee relations and product quality in the healthcare sector, and community in the financial sector, were found to be positively significant. Environment, product quality, and corporate governance in the financial sector, and employee relations in the consumer and energy sectors, were found to be negatively significant. This research revealed that the relationship between some social variables and financial performance are significant, but not always in a positive direction. Based upon the findings established in this paper, managers can use the findings to evaluate their firm’s social position, develop strategies to address gaps, and undertake actions to enhance their firm’s social performance, thereby creating positive social change in the community.

An Exploratory Look at a MENA Leadership Yardstick

An Exploratory Look at a MENA Leadership Yardstick
(An Exploratory Look at a MENA Leadership Yardstick)

Author(s):Caroline Akhras
Language:English
Subject(s):Evaluation research, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:20-28
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Business Context; Leadership Yardstick; Millennials; Generation Z; Modern Morality;
Summary/Abstract:It is held that contemporary Western organizations would neither exist nor develop without leaders who efficiently and effectively manage. Researchers assert that in modern business enterprises, leadership requires the skill of working with and through people and other organizational resources to accomplish organizational goals. In addition, many business leadership studies posit that a key skill is that unique ability to work with the additionally challenging behavior of Millennials and Generation Z geared 24/7 towards accelerated development. Nonetheless, Drucker (2003) looking at modern organizations from a much broader perspective asserted that effective management in the post-industrial arena is probably the main resource of the developed world and the most needed resource in the developing world. This research paper explores perceptions of a leadership yardstick in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Ninety three participants drawn from different departments in business organizations were randomly selected as a sample. Two research questions were posed: (1) In your opinion, are business leaders operationally efficient in reaching goals in the SME where you work? (2) In your opinion, are business leaders effective in reaching goals in the SME where you work? The results found that Millennial and Generation Z business leadership in the MENA had a novel moral compass that networked, coordinated, cooperated and united employees into a communal context. Additional research is recommended to further explore and understand the modern MENA business leadership yardstick as it is the first worldwide horizontal generation that seems to be socially accountable.

Irrationality of Investment Funds Managers in the Light of Available Information – Case of Poland

Irrationality of Investment Funds Managers in the Light of Available Information – Case of Poland
(Irrationality of Investment Funds Managers in the Light of Available Information – Case of Poland)

Author(s):Monika Bolek, Rafał Wolski
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Business Economy / Management
Page Range:29-36
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:investment funds; managers’ irrationality; behavioural finance; central bank;
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the paper is related to understanding the preferences and motivations determining the decision making process of investment funds managers on the Polish market. Surveys concerning the investment environment, factors influencing decisions, as well as heuristics and decision traps related to investment funds managers behavior confirm the thesis that they reaction to information appearing on the market, with particular emphasis on messages from the Central Bank of Poland NBP is related to behavioral errors. The research is done on the Polish market, fast developing economy after system transformation, where the investment processes are becoming very important factor of the capital transfers mechanism. The value added of the paper is related to the direct surveys of investment funds managers in the context of the decision they make and heuristics they are affected by.

On Artificial Intelligence’s Razor’s Edge: On the Future of Democracy and Society in the Artificial Age

On Artificial Intelligence’s Razor’s Edge: On the Future of Democracy and Society in the Artificial Age
(On Artificial Intelligence’s Razor’s Edge: On the Future of Democracy and Society in the Artificial Age)

Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
Language:English
Subject(s):Civil Law, International Law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:37-51
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:AI; Artificial Intelligence; Athenian city state; Code Civil; Code Napoléon; Democracy;
Summary/Abstract:The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our contemporary society imposes historically unique challenges for humankind. The emerging autonomy of AI holds unique potentials of eternal life of robots, AI and algorithms alongside unprecedented economic superiority, data storage and computational advantages. However, the introduction of AI to society also raises ethical questions. What is the social impact of robots, algorithms, blockchain and AI entering the workforce and our daily lives on the economy and human society? Should AI become eternal or is there a virtue in switching off AI at a certain point? If so, we may have to define a ‘virtue of killing’ and a ‘right to destroy’ that may draw from legal but also philosophical sources to answer the question how to handle the abyss of killing with ethical grace and fair style. In light of robots already having gained citizenship and being attributed as quasi-human under Common Law jurisdiction, should AI and robots be granted full citizen rights – such as voting rights? Or should we simply reap the benefits of AI and consider to define a democracy with different classes having diversified access to public choice and voting – as practiced in the ancient Athenian city state, which became the cradle of Western civilization and democratic traditions spread around the globe. Or should we legally justify AI slaves to economically reap their benefits, as was common in ancient Rome, which became the Roman Law legal foundation for Continental and some of Scandinavian Law traditions and which inspired very many different codifications around the world. Finally, we may also draw from the Code Napoléon, the French Code Civil established under Napoleon in 1804, which defined male and female into two classes of human with substantial right and power differences, and – to this day – accounts for one of the few documents that have influenced the whole world in legal and societal ways. In asking critical questions and unraveling the ethical boundary conditions of our future artificial world, the paper thereby takes a descriptive – afar from normative – theoretical angle targeted at aiding a successful introduction of AI into our contemporary workforce, democracy and society.

Global Corporate Tax Rate Competition Who Pays the Bill?

Global Corporate Tax Rate Competition Who Pays the Bill?
(Global Corporate Tax Rate Competition Who Pays the Bill?)

Author(s):Gilda Almeida
Language:English
Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Constitutional Law
Page Range:52-55
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:federal; OECD; tax arbitration; welfare program; tax revenue; corporate tax;
Summary/Abstract:Countries heavily rely on tax revenue for their welfare programs, which aim to reduce inequalities. Taxes are countries’ main sources of revenue and provide funding for governmental expenditures. A country’s spending is usually divided into categories: mandatory, discretionary, and interest on debt expenditures. These include assistance programs, such as the United States’ Medicaid program, the Supplemental Nutrition Program (so-called foods stamps), and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. The United States lowered its U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% in 2018, after the enactment of the United States Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Similarly, members of the Organization for Economic and Co-operation and Development (OECD) lowered their corporate statutory tax from their 2000 average rate of 28.6% to 21.4% in 2018. In the international context, state-to-state tax arbitration is implemented by OECD members to provide multinationals with double tax relief. In contrast, individuals do not benefit from a similar tax reduction. The United States’ highest marginal income tax rate was reduced from 39.60% to 37% in 2018, whereas 0.5% was the average reduction implemented for individuals by OECD members from 2000 to 2017. This paper analyzes whether states expect private corporations to undertake more social responsibility when considering tax benefits. States’ examination of corporates’ social responsibility includes whether private social accountabilities align with corporations’ profit-oriented natures as well as state interest in public welfare. Furthermore, this paper examines states’ alternative sources of revenues that could balance out the effects of the reduction of corporations’ tax rates and other granted benefits, including tax arbitration for multinationals’ double tax relief.

Determinants of Entertainment and Apparel Expenditures in an American Household

Determinants of Entertainment and Apparel Expenditures in an American Household
(Determinants of Entertainment and Apparel Expenditures in an American Household)

Author(s):Belinda Luna-Pulido, Kruti Lehenbauer
Language:English
Subject(s):Behaviorism, Evaluation research
Page Range:56-65
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Consumer behavior; household purchases; BLS DataSet; STATA 15; Regression Analysis; Log-Lin Regression;
Summary/Abstract:Distinct characteristics of households play an important role in the decisions made regarding expenditures. This study identifies what specific characteristics of households drive the decisions to make specific purchases such as entertainment and apparel using the Consumer Expenditure Survey Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS, 2018) for the years 2016-17. First, we follow the log-lin regression model methodology to identify if there are clear disparities in purchasing decisions based upon the gender of the head of household (HH) and then present sub-models to identify the determinants of expenditures on apparel and entertainment for a household based upon characteristics such as income of the household, age of the head of the household, family size, number of children below age five in the household, number of earners in the household, education of the head of the household, and race and ethnicity of the head of the household as our primary independent variables. Primary model results show that there are clear differences in the determinants of total expenditures based on the sex of the head of the household. Our sub-models show that male-headed households spend more on entertainment, whereas female-headed households spend more on apparel than their counterparts.

CEO Compensation Trends in the Republic of Serbia in the Context of EU Integration

CEO Compensation Trends in the Republic of Serbia in the Context of EU Integration
(CEO Compensation Trends in the Republic of Serbia in the Context of EU Integration)

Author(s):Ivana Marinović
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Government/Political systems
Page Range:66-73
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:CEO compensation; Republic of Serbia; EU integration; compensation trends;
Summary/Abstract:CEO compensations are an effective instrument for adjusting the interests of managers and equity owners, so that full engagement and commitment can only be expected of managers who are sufficiently motivated. Among other things, sufficient motivation is achieved by the use of adequate CEO compensations. This paper analyzes applied models of CEO compensation, and their levels, in the Republic of Serbia and EU member countries. Comparison of CEO compensation in the Republic of Serbia and EU countries will enable the positioning of the Republic of Serbia in the context of EU integration; as well as enable Serbian business organizations to track trends that are current, and structure their CEO compensations to meet managers’ expectations in terms of attractiveness, and equity owners in terms of cost efficiency. The paper will try to determine the existing differences in CEO compensation levels, conditioned by the degree of economic development of the observed countries. The paper will analyze the factors that directly or indirectly affect the level of CEO compensation. It will try to determine which components of CEO compensation are mostly used in business organizations from the EU, and compare the results with business organizations from the Republic of Serbia in order to improve existing practice. As CEO compensations are still underdeveloped area in the Republic of Serbia, the contribution of the paper is expected to be significant, for Serbian business organizations that operate, or plan to operate, on the international market, and allow their managers to work in EU countries. Strategy and policy of CEO compensation is a very sensitive area, so the focus of the paper is on identifying existing differences that could be used in terms of convergence of the CEO compensation practice in the Republic of Serbia to the one that is present in the more advanced EU countries, in the context of EU integration.

Emerging the U.S. Firm Size Distribution Using 4.2 Billion Individual Tax Records

Emerging the U.S. Firm Size Distribution Using 4.2 Billion Individual Tax Records
(Emerging the U.S. Firm Size Distribution Using 4.2 Billion Individual Tax Records)

Author(s):Joseph A.E. Shaheen
Language:English
Subject(s):Law on Economics, Financial Markets
Page Range:74-82
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:firm size; labor; taxation; data policy; economic analysis; data science;
Summary/Abstract:The firm size distribution describes important economic and labor properties of any economy. Government entities must expend enormous resources in data collection, cleaning, and analysis in order to construct this and other important distributions describing the aggregate properties large economies. In the U.S., this process can be cumbersome and relies on querying multiple databases and utilizing significant computational resources. I show that construction of the U.S. firm size distribution is plausible using only individual income tax records (W2s) drawn directly from Internal Revenue Service tax records (micro data) and that the emergent distribution is statistically identical to what is reported by the United States Census Bureau. The methodology represents an incremental advance for population-scale studies in economic analysis—specifically firm and labor analysis. Finally, this paper acts as a re-validation of earlier work in fitting the firm size distribution.

Factors Contributing to Marital Dissatisfaction and Divorce in the Military

Factors Contributing to Marital Dissatisfaction and Divorce in the Military
(Factors Contributing to Marital Dissatisfaction and Divorce in the Military)

Author(s):Jennifer D. Lares
Language:English
Subject(s):Military policy, Family and social welfare
Page Range:83-90
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Military; deployments; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); divorce;
Summary/Abstract:Military members are no different than civilians in terms of the desires to have a life partner and have a satisfied marital life after marriage. However, the challenges faced by many military members and their families are different than those facing the civilian families by the sheer nature of their service. This study conducts an in-depth academic literature analysis regarding the impacts of the unique trials and tribulations that face military personnel on their marital dissatisfaction or dissolution. While an empirical hypothetical model to test whether factors such as length of deployment, number of deployments, post-traumatic stress disorder impact the military marital dissatisfaction is provided in this paper, there is no quantitative analysis conducted due to lack of access to relevant data.

Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data

Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data
(Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data)

Author(s):Joanna Klingenstein
Language:English
Subject(s):Evaluation research, Sociology of the arts, business, education
Page Range:91-99
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:affect theory; affect; expressive therapies continuum; research method; art; creativity; evangelical; women;
Summary/Abstract:Rarely does research design rely on the use of artistic processes to gather affective data. Scholars often rely on verbal communication to measure affective response rather than extracting data through creative mediums. Art therapists have long been writing about the power of creativity to uniquely surface emotion. Do artistic processes tap into affective data otherwise ignored? Can affective response further academic knowledge of power and influence? As noted by scholar and theorist Donovan Schaefer, affect theory highlights associations between semiotic forces and power. It offers a framework for understanding how emotional responses are shaped and experienced. Similarly, the Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC), developed by art therapy pioneers Sandra Kagan and Vija Lusebrink, suggests a way to visualize expression according to the placement of affect in the body. The ETC therefore allows art therapists to guide and interpret creative processes. In a study titled, “Female Evangelical Multimedia Personalities: How Does Their Content Affect Female Viewers?” these theoretical frameworks are combined in a way that, to this author’s knowledge, has not been done before. As part of the study design, participants will be asked to react artistically and verbally to written and visual evangelical content. This study seeks to illuminate how artistic processes expose the affective influence and power of rhetorical content. The proposed presentation will provide a brief overview of these two theoretical frameworks, affirm the value of studying affect, and explore how researchers can utilize creativity to measure affective response.

Poverty Reduction Through Pro-Poor Tourism: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Varanasi

Poverty Reduction Through Pro-Poor Tourism: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Varanasi
(Poverty Reduction Through Pro-Poor Tourism: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Varanasi)

Author(s):Manisha Ashish Mehrotra
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Economic development
Page Range:100-105
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Pro-Poor Tourism; Employment Generation; Poverty Reduction;
Summary/Abstract:Tourism continues to be a major activity in India, which inevitably produces economic, political, social, cultural and ecological consequences. In India, Tourism has created employment opportunities for airline executives, hotel sales managers, structural engineers, city planners, horticulturists, computer programmers, artisans, textiles workers, etc. In spite of its growth, it has not reached out to the masses because the net benefits accrue only to a limited segment of the society, to say, big business agents. It is an imperative duty of the so-called richer class to reach out the benefits directly to the Pro-Poor People who are actually working into the tourism sector day and night. Thus, Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) is tourism that results in increased net benefits for poor people or marginalized section of the society. The aim of this paper is to explore the prospects and challenges of ‘pro-poor tourism strategies’ and its significance in poverty reduction by generating employment in handicraft sector of Varanasi in order to identify useful lessons and good practice for livelihood and capacity building, leadership and community development for sustainable development.

Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: Contrasting Approaches in Brazil and Canada

Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: Contrasting Approaches in Brazil and Canada
(Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: Contrasting Approaches in Brazil and Canada)

Author(s):Michelli Aparecida Daros, Diandra Singh
Language:English
Subject(s):Evaluation research, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
Page Range:106-115
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:affirmative action; post-secondary education; Brazil; Canada; racialized minorities;
Summary/Abstract:This paper compares and contrasts approaches to affirmative action that are intended to increase access to post-secondary institutions to students racialized as Black and Indigenous in Brazil and Canada, respectively. Both of these demographics are underrepresented in post-secondary institutions in these countries, as a result of the legacy of colonization and systemic racism within these nations. To explore various approaches to affirmative action a comparison of several documents are made including: the Brazilian Federal Law 11.645/ 2008, which obliges the addition of the History and Culture of Afro-Brazilians and Indigenous people to the national curriculum; the Brazilian Federal Law 12.711/2012, which supports access to federal universities and other federal educational institutions through quotas (best known as the "Quotas’ Law"); and the Truth and Reconciliation Final Summary Report (2015), which provides 94 calls to action for the Canadian government to redress the issues created by the residential school system. Through document analysis, a list of affirmative actions is compiled, followed by an analysis of their implementation. Moreover, data related to racialized students who have benefited from these approaches, highlight the importance of affirmative actions to build more inclusive democratic systems.

Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?

Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?
(Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?)

Author(s):Marina Pilkina
Language:English
Subject(s):Gender Studies, Social differentiation
Page Range:116-122
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:women; Russia; democratization; formal and descriptive representation; gender;
Summary/Abstract:The aim is to determine whether the descriptive political representation of women is acceptable and achievable for the Russian political reality. Understanding the quality of democracy assumes going beyond mere political participation. It requires the actual representation of traditionally marginalized groups - women. Gender mainstreaming and the involvement of both sexes in political sphere is a sine qua non for any democratic structure. In fact, it may seem that women are included in the democracy, but in practice they are often excluded. Such situation is observed in Russia. The formal female representation in Russian politics exists only to eliminate direct discrimination against women. This nature of women's participation is confirmed by the fact that “women are involved in Russian politics to meet the needs of the regime.” The low level of female representation is also linked to the lack of prominent political parties supporting women's rights. Formal female representation does not imply equal gender representation. Balanced representation may require a descriptive political representation – a visible match between the electorate and representatives. If women are half of the population, they should also compose approximately half of the legislative and executive bodies. Given the nature of the gender situation in the Russian political arena, it is not yet possible to represent marginalized groups in a descriptive manner, even though women are about 54% of the Russian population. The inclusion of women's issues in the agenda and mainstreaming of gender inequality is likely to make the descriptive female representation in Russia achievable.

The Incompatibility of the Sharia Law and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam with the European Convention on Human Rights

The Incompatibility of the Sharia Law and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam with the European Convention on Human Rights
(The Incompatibility of the Sharia Law and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam with the European Convention on Human Rights)

Author(s):Titus Corlăţean
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, EU-Legislation
Page Range:123-129
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:European Convention; Human Rights; Sharia; Cairo Declaration; incompatibility;
Summary/Abstract:The Resolution 2253 (2019) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe deals with the question if the Sharia law (“Islamic law”) and the 1990 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam are compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights. This question was raised within the context of the endorsement of the Cairo Declaration by three member states of the Council of Europe, states that also ratified the European Convention upon their accession to the Council of Europe (Albania, Azerbaijan, Turkey). The same question is relevant also for Russia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also for Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco and Palestine, whose parliaments enjoy partner for democracy status with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. The European Court of Human Rights (the Grand Chamber) had already in 2003 the opportunity to give an answer to the above mentioned question: it “concurs in the Chamber’s view that Sharia is incompatible with the fundamental principles of democracy, as set forth in the Convention.” Based on its own assessment and a comprehensive report adopted by the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, the Strasbourg Parliamentary Assembly concludes on the topic that “the various Islamic declarations on human rights..., while being more religious than legal, fail to reconcile Islam with universal human rights, especially insofar as they maintain the Sharia law as their unique source of reference. That includes the 1990 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam…” This study focuses on the analysis of the Assembly’s report and resolution and also on country specific recommendations.

The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the Nexus

The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the Nexus
(The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the Nexus)

Author(s):Adeline Nnenna Idike
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Economic development
Page Range:130-137
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:rule of law; democracy; national interest; national development;
Summary/Abstract:The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the NexusNational development remains clearly elusive in some regions of the world. And democracy is frequently proposed as the catalyst of development for such locations. This presupposes that development was stunted by the dearth of democracy in these environments. At the heart of the undemocratic tendencies in the affected nation states is the phenomenon of strongmen in government. These genres of leaders usually detest the notion of the Rule of Law, as the very bedrock of development. They candidly although, project national interest as the superior paradigm of progress in these nations, giving rise to the scenario of competing models of national development for such places. This paper is a contribution to the reconciliation of the conflicting issues. Its premises are derived from the disciplines of law, political science and development studies. The work is framed on the experiences of the Nigerian nation state in West Africa.

Training and Education - Mission of Essence in the Development of the Individual and Society

Training and Education - Mission of Essence in the Development of the Individual and Society
(Training and Education - Mission of Essence in the Development of the Individual and Society)

Author(s):Galina Martea
Language:English
Subject(s):Adult Education, State/Government and Education, Environmental interactions
Page Range:138-142
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:mission; training; education; individual; social environment; development;
Summary/Abstract:The essential role of education and training is to maintain and develop the intellectual and spiritual balance of the individual in a social environment, thus forming, in time, the appropriate personality and identity. The individual, in his turn, with his knowledge, skills and intellectual and spiritual wealth, accumulated over the years in educational institutions, as well as other education and training structures, will contribute in a decent and civilized mode to the welfare and development of their own society, in this way, giving a meaning to the spiritual, intellectual, as well as material content that brings satisfaction and benefit in personal and social life. Thus, education and training, based on a set of values that are regularly applied to the formation of the intellectual and moral traits of an individual, are those actions that have as objective the evolutionary improvement of the social environment, considered to be the best substance regulated by the individual. Thus, both man and the social environment are both a whole of the existence through which mutual exchange of values and actions takes place, which in the process of development equally necessitates frequent transformations in development.

Crouching Bear and Hidden Dragon: The Limitations in the Sino-Russian Alliance

Crouching Bear and Hidden Dragon: The Limitations in the Sino-Russian Alliance
(Crouching Bear and Hidden Dragon: The Limitations in the Sino-Russian Alliance)

Author(s):Maria (Mary) Papageorgiou, Luis Fernando Correa da Costa, Mohammad Eslami
Language:English
Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense
Page Range:145-151
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:China; Russia; strategic partnership; arms sales; energy trade; cooperation;
Summary/Abstract:In the post-cold war era there has been a remarkable renewal and strengthening of Sino-Russian relations, especially from 2000 onwards. Moscow and Beijing started renewing and enhancing their ties in security, trade, as well as diplomatic issues more vigorously. Τhe close cooperation between the two countries is evident however the partnership hasn’t advanced to an anti-hegemonic opposition bloc despite the opportunities that arise. Russia and China are two rising powers with a great geopolitical weight in the international system and their partnership constitutes a constant topic of analysis. Sino-Russian co-operation takes place on many levels from energy supplies, joint military exercises, trade agreements, arms sales and the establishment of new multilateral institutions (such as the Sanghai organization, BRICS New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, AIIB) to a broad consensus on issues in international relations. However, the two powers haven’t formed an actual alliance that could fundamentally alter the distribution of power in the international system.

Sustainable Valorization of Vernacular Patrimony in European and American Space.

Sustainable Valorization of Vernacular Patrimony in European and American Space.
(Sustainable Valorization of Vernacular Patrimony in European and American Space.)

Author(s):Astrid Isabela Bogdan
Language:English
Subject(s):Architecture, Visual Arts
Page Range:152-156
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:21st century; architecture; cultural patrimony; interdisciplinarity; law;
Summary/Abstract:Lato sensu, we will bring together Architecture, Education Sciences and Legal Sciences in developing a good practice guide on the remodeling of outdoor museums, which will attempt to sustainable value the vernacular heritage. Moreover, considering that architecture is a defining component of cultural heritage, we believe that a work which aims to redefine a key concept for the world heritage is a necessary initiative for the museum environment, also the valorization of cultural heritage. Stricto sensu, we intend to start from some studies and examples of good practices, relying on contemporary cases. In addition, we will start building a discourse on interdisciplinarity, because for an outdoor museum it is not needed only a curator, but a whole group of specialists who could bring new elements of attractive interactivity to a more diverse audience.

Citizenship Education for the Blossoming of Participatory Democracy

Citizenship Education for the Blossoming of Participatory Democracy
(Citizenship Education for the Blossoming of Participatory Democracy)

Author(s):María de Lourdes Lara Hernández, Sol Cristal Molina Parrilla
Language:English
Subject(s):Adult Education, Nationalism Studies
Page Range:157-164
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:PAR; citizens competences; participatory democracy; empowerment;
Summary/Abstract:This research had the objective of exploring the impact of education in citizens’ competences, whilst using the Participatory-Action-Research (PAR) methodology—created by the sociologist Orlando Fals Borda (1970)—on leaders that work with teens in impoverished and marginalized communities. The study explores the impact of the training on five NGO’s in citizens competences for the empowerment and promulgation of participatory democracy. We expected to scrutinize PAR’s methodology and the training in citizens competences with content and other methodologies that transform the research practices and encourage citizen’s empowerment. By practicing the seven phases of PAR, we designed surveys, conducted interviews and visited five NGO’s that offer educative services in Puerto Rico to identify their needs. We facilitated workshops on cognitive, emotional, social and communicative competences—according to their felt-expressed needs. Afterwards, we designed and implemented evaluations using participatory methodologies. The results indicate they incremented in 75 percent their consciousness, knowledge and strengthened their ability to make individual and collective decisions. It led them to a sense of empowerment as citizens and leaders that can play a role in the development of democratic practices in their NGO’s, their community and the public policy education of their country. They recognize, in over 80 percent of their responses, the need of incorporating participatory methodologies as well as citizens’ competences to their programs and curriculums. Also, they suggested the board of directors should be trained on these methodologies and contents, in order to transform the NGO’s that serve disadvantaged communities.

The Architecture Behind the Malpractice Concept Guidelines

The Architecture Behind the Malpractice Concept Guidelines
(The Architecture Behind the Malpractice Concept Guidelines)

Author(s):Safa Singrid Adriana Canbolant
Language:English
Subject(s):Evaluation research, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:165-169
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:Code of Ethics; ethics; health; law; malpractice;
Summary/Abstract:The right to life is a goal written in many written and unwritten norms, and alongside it, we can align the responsibility and, at the same time, the liability of those who have the duty to perform the medical act with holiness and dedication. Starting from common law, imperative norms and devices and going beyond the universal right, like for example, the one built up by the European Convention on Human Rights, we can unequivocally affirm that the right to life, health and the integrity of the individual is the most important human right, which not only the state has to protect, but every one of us. Thus, through this study, we will try to substantiate the pillars of ethics that medical art has woven its way through the passage of time, pointing to another essential goal - to prevent malpractice.

Performance Management and Quality Assurance in Primary Healthcare Institutions

Performance Management and Quality Assurance in Primary Healthcare Institutions
(Performance Management and Quality Assurance in Primary Healthcare Institutions)

Author(s):Camelia Lucia Bakri, Maria Daniela Pipaş
Language:English
Subject(s):Management and complex organizations, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:170-174
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:quality; health; management; patient; treatment;
Summary/Abstract:Applying the new health reform gives an unprecedented interpretation to most of the definitions known under a certain form in the socio-economic, general and managerial relationships in particular. In this context, most specialists support the definition of quality of care by optimal patient care based on the use of standard treatment protocols, additional and individual services that are applied in the system of interactions and interpersonal relationships between physician and patient. Obviously, the way in which healthcare managers are addressing quality differs greatly according to organizational culture, personality, experience and training. Good quality management consists of planning, organizing, practical implementation, leadership by applying the most effective organizational decisions, control and evaluation, and last but not least, reviewing the necessary measures to model management services and processes so that they can respond permanently to the most stringent needs of beneficiaries, suppliers, financiers, etc.

Transformational Processes in Organizational Life: Symbolic Imprinting and Symbolic Triggers

Transformational Processes in Organizational Life: Symbolic Imprinting and Symbolic Triggers
(Transformational Processes in Organizational Life: Symbolic Imprinting and Symbolic Triggers)

Author(s):Dina Aslamazishvili
Language:English
Subject(s):Adult Education, Social development
Page Range:175-179
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:symbolic management; transformational processes; organizational life;
Summary/Abstract:Organizational life is multi-focused symbolic reality today, new and existing employees learn, transfer and transform in working experience. Managerial actions give both real and symbolic results. Symbolic contexts, like influence, commitment, shared values, mission clearance in project teams and others, create challenges. The paper discusses symbolic imprinting and symbolic triggers in organizational life, and shares the first cut results of the study through the metaphoric mechanics among business school students with fresh working experience. Symbolic imprinting constitutes stamping in memory some transferring values and meaning interpretations, and symbolic triggers are the external environment signs and images, which make imprints work out in specific thinking, behavioral, and communication mechanisms. Transformational processes – learning, growing, development, - are realized within the symbolic context. Symbolic imprints and triggers transfer specific concept of the organizational life, freeing up the meanings and important orientations for ‘homo symbolicus’.

Teenage Pregnancy: Time for Change and Action

Teenage Pregnancy: Time for Change and Action
(Teenage Pregnancy: Time for Change and Action)

Author(s):Chelsea Campbell, Kruti Lehenbauer
Language:English
Subject(s):Evaluation research, Demography and human biology
Page Range:180-189
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Teenage childbearing; birth rates; socioeconomic outcomes;
Summary/Abstract:Although the teenage pregnancy rate in the United States has declined over the years, it is still higher than the teenage pregnancy rates in other industrialized countries. This paper attempts to identify the types of changes that have occurred between 1994 and 2017 by comparing the results of a 1996 study by Ventura, Martin, Matthews & Clarke with the results obtained using the 2017 National Natality Dataset obtained from the Center of Disease Control via the National Center of Health Statistics. The new data from 2017 demonstrates that the proportions of teenage births have gone down over the past few years, and that the racial/ethnicity component of teenage childbearing is also showing a narrowing trend. Even though we recognize the downward trend in teenage pregnancy, the concerns regarding the long-term socioeconomic outcomes arising from teenage births are still at large. We conduct a quantitative Logit analysis to identify what factors increase the probability of teenage motherhood in the United States and also conduct a short analysis of relevant existing public policies to provide recommendations for improvements that could potentially reduce the risk factors of teenage pregnancy in the United States.

And Yet the Black Sea Can Be an Essential Geostrategic Pivot in the Solution of Euro-Asiatic Endogenous Conflictuality

And Yet the Black Sea Can Be an Essential Geostrategic Pivot in the Solution of Euro-Asiatic Endogenous Conflictuality
(And Yet the Black Sea Can Be an Essential Geostrategic Pivot in the Solution of Euro-Asiatic Endogenous Conflictuality)

Author(s):Sebastian-Gabriel Popescu
Language:English
Subject(s):International relations/trade, Methodology and research technology, Geopolitics
Page Range:190-197
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Black Sea; confluence; connection; divergence; geopolitical and geostrategic pivot;
Summary/Abstract:One of the geopolitical and geostrategic synthesis key areas on the strategic axis Black Sea - Baltic Sea reluctance re-opened following the Ukrainian crisis is the more or less extensive Black Sea region. The historical, political, economic and civilian arguments, as well as the new challenges of the regional security environment, but also cross-border and global, leave the great powers on both sides of the strategic axis Black Sea - Baltic and riparian countries a chance that we consider not only an alternative to ... war, otherness, but also a way of transforming divergences into confluences and confluence in unity, prosperity and security. Even though the complicated and tense realities at this point seem not to encourage such a prospect, we believe that the Black Sea area can become − and indeed become − an East-West welding space, a true geopolitical and geostrategic, economic, social synapse and inter-civilization, which will put an end to the strategic flaw effect here in bitter weather. In the following, we will present this point of view.

Formation of Post-conflict Georgian identities

Formation of Post-conflict Georgian identities
(Formation of Post-conflict Georgian identities)

Author(s):Nino Tabeshadze
Language:English
Subject(s):Welfare systems, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:198-204
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:War; Trauma; Coping; PTSD; Identity;
Summary/Abstract:Modern Georgian history knows two devastating conflicts which happened in recent years bringing much confusion and disorientation to local Georgian Community. Given article tries to explore the identity crisis which took place after the two wars. As a result of military actions great number of people was obliged to leave their homes and move in temporary shelters. It took only several days to become IDP’s (Internally Displaced Persons) from regular citizens. This naturally led to questioning the role of self in community. Such major events as mass trauma generally change the perception of reality and Georgia was no exception. In an attempt to overcome painful experiences individuals create different responses to traumatic experiences but we have the opportunity to compare two narratives depicting the emotions of IDPs from two different conflicts. Major aim of the article is to see whether there are any similarities between the perceptions of two different historical events: How IDPs explain the events and their own emotions.

A Sociocultural Approach to Learning to Teach with Technology: Reflections on Pre-service Teachers’ Field Experiences

A Sociocultural Approach to Learning to Teach with Technology: Reflections on Pre-service Teachers’ Field Experiences
(A Sociocultural Approach to Learning to Teach with Technology: Reflections on Pre-service Teachers’ Field Experiences)

Author(s):Hatice Akkoc
Language:English
Subject(s):School education, State/Government and Education
Page Range:205-209
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:sociocultural approach, pre-service teacher education;
Summary/Abstract:One cannot fully understand the nature of learning to teach through a cognitive approach. Teacher educators should support the development of attitudes, beliefs, and identities of pre-service teachers as well as their knowledge and skills related to teaching with technology. Therefore, this study embraces communities of practice framework which has been widely used in teacher education research to explain social aspects of learning to teach. The participants are fifteen senior pre-service mathematics teachers enrolled in a four-year teacher preparation program in a state university in Turkey. Pre-service teachers participated in "legitimate peripheral participation" activities in order to encourage them, as novice teachers, to take responsibility and interact with experienced teachers for successful technology integration. Participants conducted workshops on technology-enhanced mathematics teaching in two different upper-secondary schools. A total of ten mathematics teachers participated in the workshops. Data sources are videos of workshops conducted by pre-service teachers and focused group interviews with pre-service teachers. Content analysis of verbatim transcripts indicated important issues regarding the social and cultural aspects of technology integration. This presentation will propose implications for pre-service teacher education in general and mathematics teacher education in particular.

The Causal Link between Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Behavior and Filicide

The Causal Link between Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Behavior and Filicide
(The Causal Link between Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Behavior and Filicide)

Author(s):Gabriel Tănăsescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Individual Psychology, Clinical psychology
Page Range:210-216
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:antisocial personality; filicide; major depressive disorder; suicidal behavior;
Summary/Abstract:This article describes the causal link between major depressive disorder, suicidal behavior and filicide. The filicide perpetrator is a person affected by major depressive disorder, the passage to the act does not manifest itself as an ordinary delinquent act, but has a specific etiology that sometimes involves suicidal behavior and conjugal crime. In 2014, Turhan Canli publishes in the Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders a study on the re-conceptualization of the major depressive disorder as an infectious disease in which he suggests that major depression may result from a parasitic, bacterial or viral infection. Major depression and antisocial personality disorder can trigger the transformation of the criminal ego by overcoming the barrier of moral and religious inhibitions, emphasizing the transition to the crime. From a psychoanalytic and victimological point of view, the destructive attachment of the victims of marital crime that return to the aggressor after being physically abused is also analyzed.

Banning Plastic Shopping Bags: Raising Environmental Consciousness on National Level

Banning Plastic Shopping Bags: Raising Environmental Consciousness on National Level
(Banning Plastic Shopping Bags: Raising Environmental Consciousness on National Level)

Author(s):Daniel Cote
Language:English
Subject(s):State/Government and Education, Environmental interactions
Page Range:217-220
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Social Learning Theory; Plastic Shopping Bags; Environmental Awareness;
Summary/Abstract:This paper is centered around social learning theory principles and intends to demonstrate the use of these principles through a proposed ban of single-use plastic shopping bags. The ban would be an effort to raise environmental awareness in U.S. society. This paper explores the current literature across several connected topics: the harm that plastic shopping bags cause to our environment; the way in which a ban of these bags could improve environmental awareness, and as a by-product, raise efforts; and the best alternative to these single-use bags: jute bags. Furthermore, this paper explores how these efforts could become realized through the use of governmental incentives designated for corporations who implement these changes. Lastly, this paper explores possible positive long-term effects of this implementation and potential problems within these proposals.

Release of Prisoners and Rehabilitation Programs for Integration Into Society

Release of Prisoners and Rehabilitation Programs for Integration Into Society
(Release of Prisoners and Rehabilitation Programs for Integration Into Society)

Author(s):Petronela Diana Ferariu
Language:English
Subject(s):Adult Education, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
Page Range:221-225
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:recidivism; rehabilitation program; release from the penitentiary;
Summary/Abstract:Resocialization is a educational, reeducative and a treatment process for to convicted persons, through which it is aimed their readaptation to the system of norms and values accepted by societies, for the purpose of social reintegration and the prevention of recidivism. The social reintegration of former detainees is part of the punishment and requires increased attention. For this process to be successful, it is necessary to develop some standards, and then, in order to ensure a lifestyle that assures the respect of these normative, there must be a social environment open in this sense. In a changing economic and social environment, the isolation of people in detention makes their professional and social skills to be inadequate at the time of release of them from the penitentiary. An important role in the chances of the sentenced to resocialization is the right of the detainee to keep in touch with the progress of the society outside the prison.

Analysis the Traces Identified in the Case of Violent Crimes

Analysis the Traces Identified in the Case of Violent Crimes
(Analysis the Traces Identified in the Case of Violent Crimes)

Author(s):Ovidiu Andrei Hamburda
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology
Page Range:226-230
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:crime, forensics; investigation; movement; police; traces;
Summary/Abstract:The studies and research show that in almost all countries of the world, violent crimes are on the rise. Against this background, the criminal prosecution authorities - the police and the prosecutor's office, as institutions of the rule of law, improve investigative procedures, using the scientific means and methods necessary to prove guilty and to prosecute the perpetrators. Human-environment interaction gives rise to the most different traces that can be useful in determining the time or succession of occurrence events, as well as determining human behavior in this process. Any human activity deployed in time and space, through physical movements, leaves in that place different changes from the previous situation, which is preserved for an appreciable period of time. Depending on all the elements presented, you can reconstitute the dynamic picture of the deed. The traces come to occupy the central place in science of forensics, so that at present no one can imagine a crime committed by physical movements of the person, without the proper traces being made at the place where it was committed.

Understanding Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Use: Some Pedagogical Issues

Understanding Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Use: Some Pedagogical Issues
(Understanding Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Use: Some Pedagogical Issues)

Author(s):Hatice Akkoc, Hande Gülbağcı Dede
Language:English
Subject(s):School education, Educational Psychology
Page Range:231-236
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:preservice mathematics teachers; technology integration;
Summary/Abstract:Becoming technology literate citizens has gained great importance in recent decades. Technology also has become crucial for the teaching and learning of school subjects as well as the workplace. For successful technology integration, teachers should have adequate pedagogical and technological knowledge, beliefs and attitudes. The aim of this study is to explore how PMTs describe characteristics of a good teacher who integrates technology into instruction, what they would consider when they teach with technology and what kinds of problems they anticipate in their future classrooms. The participants are twenty senior pre-service mathematics teachers enrolled in a four-year teacher preparation program in a state university in Turkey. The study used an online form to collect data. We analyzed participants’ written responses using the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) framework. Findings indicated that participants considered issues such as technical knowledge and skills, content knowledge, the pedagogy of using technology, the interrelation between content to be taught and software, and time constraint. With regard to students, participants anticipate problems such as negative attitudes towards mathematics, mathematical misconceptions that might emerge as a result of inappropriate use of technology, distraction and time constraint. The paper will propose recommendations for teacher education programs.

Conditional Liberation - One of the Measures to Achieve the Purpose of Criminal Punishment

Conditional Liberation - One of the Measures to Achieve the Purpose of Criminal Punishment
(Conditional Liberation - One of the Measures to Achieve the Purpose of Criminal Punishment)

Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes, Victoria Cristiean
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminology, Penology
Page Range:237-241
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:conditional liberation; convicts; measures; punishment; recidivists;
Summary/Abstract:The offense as a fact forbidden by the rules of criminal law cannot exist without the unavoidable consequence of criminal liability, which, in its turn, would be without object without a criminal sanction, without a punishment. Neither punishment can be conceived without the existence of criminal liability and it is based only on the offense. Conditional liberation constitutes a measure of both criminal and social policy that is particularly important for achieving the purpose of punishment. Conditional liberation is conceived as an incentive for convicts who give evidence of correction by reducing the period of deprivation of liberty, being designed to accelerate the process of re-education and social reinsertion of the convict.

Impact of Psycho-Social Predictors on the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Pakistan

Impact of Psycho-Social Predictors on the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Pakistan
(Impact of Psycho-Social Predictors on the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Pakistan)

Author(s):Naqeeb Shah, Basharat Hussain Basharat Hussain, Samiullah Paracha, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad
Language:English
Subject(s):Family and social welfare, Gerontology
Page Range:242-251
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Quality of Life; Life Satisfaction; Self-Esteem; Leisure Activity;
Summary/Abstract:This study was aimed to analyze the Quality of Life of the elderly with regard to socio-economic conditions and psycho-social perspectives in Peshawar, Pakistan. In the present review, the focus has been made to examine the impacts of various predictors on the quality of life. A multiple indicator approach, which was based on PLS-SEM, was used to assess the impact of different psycho-socio-economic and demographic indicators on the psychological well-being of the elderly. Hypotheses were planned and evaluated for each dimension in the analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Two standard inventories: Scale with Life Satisfaction and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were adopted and evaluated as a composite outcome measure “Quality of Life”, employing Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling technique. The coefficient in the model showed that Social Circle, Health and General Activity have a significant contribution to the Quality of Life. The findings of the study indicated that the relationship between the explanatory variables and outcome variable was strong in the model. All constructs collectively were accounted for 68% of the amount of variance in the construct of Quality of Life. The result exhibited that the Friends and Family construct was the strongest determinant for Quality of Life and Psychological wellbeing in the retired elderly.

The Right Not to Punish

The Right Not to Punish
(The Right Not to Punish)

Author(s):Tiberiu Viorel Popescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology, Penology
Page Range:252-258
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Criminology; Criminal Law; right; punishment;
Summary/Abstract:No common reasons can be identified for the fundaments of the right to punish, the right not to punish or the right to decriminalize, although, at first sight, the three rights seem to have similar origins. As the right to impose a punishment derives from the law, so a law must also reflect the right to defer a punishment, to waive its application, or to decriminalize a certain conduct. A brief analysis of the right not to punish can also reflect the reason, the conditions, and, possibly, its limits. These can often be arbitrarily interpreted in practice due to reasons that must be identified. An arbitrary exercise of the right to amnesty or to grace, or poor implementation in the Romanian-German law of restorative justice, may have adverse consequences in terms of the safety of social values. To prevent arbitrariness and to ensure social security, the functions of the public authorities play an essential role. At present, only the legislative function generates the law, and the judicial function ensures that the law is implemented or it may order a punishment to be enforced if the law is violated.

A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal

A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal
(A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal)

Author(s):Senjuti Jash
Language:English
Subject(s):Studies in violence and power, Victimology, Sociology of Culture
Page Range:259-268
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:women; patriarchy; superstition; caste; class; culture;
Summary/Abstract:Violence is one of the primeval instincts of human kind. It is not restricted by spatio-temporal frontiers and majority of human beings, irrespective of their gender, age, nationality, orientation, etc. are subjected to some form of violence during their lives. However, as the societal conditions have always enabled the subjugation of the “weak” by the “powerful”, violence against women has been identified globally as one of the most systematic and widespread human rights violations. Using three short stories authored by Jagadish Gupta, Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay, and Mahasweta Devi in twentieth century Bengal as case studies, this paper seeks to examine the diverse trajectories of violence perpetrated against women in the aforesaid period. Analysing particular modes of violence like dowry-based homicide, witch-hunting, and rape as political instrument of oppression, this study intends to qualify Michael Taussig’s thesis on “culture of terror” by situating it against the wider backdrop of the “culture of violence” and the discourses of resistance that simultaneously emerged in twentieth century Bengal.

Creating Guilt in Business

Creating Guilt in Business
(Creating Guilt in Business)

Author(s):Camil Tănăsescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Management and complex organizations
Page Range:269-272
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:business; organization; guilty; entrepreneur; focus;
Summary/Abstract:This article describes the behavior of people involved in business relations, which seeks to meet individual needs as well as those of organizations. The need manifested through actions or inactions at individual or organizational level leads to enforcement of a guilty, capable of being sanctioned. If the guilt of the physical person is represented or guided by internal stimuli, so also the guilt of the organization or enterprise is represented by the satisfaction of the needs, of its needs, carried out legally or apparently legal by its organs. Unlike the typical entrepreneur's typology, the entrepreneur who adopts illicit business behavior plans, focuses, sets goals, allocates resources, creates products or services tailored to obtain the illicit outcome, observes as a rule the plan for increasing the number of victims, identifies new channels to attract potential victims, creates an apparent brand to capture and determine the victim to accept the illicit offer as an auction.

The Special Measures Taken During Administrative Monopoly Investigation in China

The Special Measures Taken During Administrative Monopoly Investigation in China
(The Special Measures Taken During Administrative Monopoly Investigation in China)

Author(s):Li Li
Language:English
Subject(s):Public Administration, Government/Political systems
Page Range:273-283
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:investigation;measures and practices ensuring, preventing and controlling appropriate academic (scientific) authorship; administrative monopoly; Antitrust Law;
Summary/Abstract:China’s market economy is based on state power guidance, so the administrative agencies may abuse their public power excluding or restricting market competitions that cause administrative monopoly. The special investigative measures should be taken in administrative monopoly investigation on account of its public power background. Mandatory interview with executive officers and mandatory reporting of the administrative agencies are the mainly special measures during those investigative procedures, while on-site investigations need to be avoided. Unlike ordinary measures, these two special measures are mandatory which means if the investigating authority or its chief executive rejected report or interview who will be admonished by his superior even punished by crime of dereliction. Recently the Chinese People’s Congress Standing Committee is studying how to revise the antitrust law, we suggest to add those special mandatory measures in the future Chinese Antitrust law.

The Potential of the Church in Contemporary Culture

The Potential of the Church in Contemporary Culture
(The Potential of the Church in Contemporary Culture)

Author(s):Cristian Marius MUNTEANU
Language:English
Subject(s):Pastoral Theology, Sociology of Religion
Page Range:277-283
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Postmodernism; society; church; spirituality; culture;
Summary/Abstract:The Christian Church is going through an extremely critical period, highlighted, on the one hand, by the church members’ lack of preoccupation for new spiritual ideals and, on the other hand, by the disinterest of those who do not belong to any religious spheres in any church proposal. The statistical situation of the Church must be analyzed responsibly and visionary. This approach can bring a last argument in favor of abandoning the project or, on the contrary, it can open the eyes of those in charge to new possibilities of introducing the Church among the options to be considered, in a society that lacks durable landmarks. The revival chances of the church will increase in direct proportion to its interest in an honest diagnosis and in an urgent return to normal functioning parameters by assuming its biblical mandate. This can be achieved by renewing its offers to the public, by increasing attractiveness from many points of view, and by changing the direction of its actions, from centripetal to centrifugal. Instead of continuing to promote an agenda against postmodernism, the church should be looking for ways and means to become relevant in the current cultural reality.

Criminal Aspects Specific to Corruption Offenses

Criminal Aspects Specific to Corruption Offenses
(Criminal Aspects Specific to Corruption Offenses)

Author(s):Lucia Cerasela Balan
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminal Law, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:284-287
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:corruption; crimes; economic; officials; phenomenon;
Summary/Abstract:Corruption is one of the main topics of discussion in any field and at any level, representing one of the greatest challenges of the contemporary world. This is present both in poor and developing and developed countries, and the fight to combat it has become a serious problem, especially as the phenomenon expands very rapidly, including, firstly, a few sectors, a few domains, and then the whole of society, becoming a lifestyle, a mentality, a labyrinth from which it can no longer come out. The diminution of the phenomenon is possible in a knowledge society, with individuals having an irreproachable moral conduct, based on education, built on the most durable elements of morality and consciousness which mankind has accumulated over time to the form of today of our civilization. Corruption is perceived by most segments of the population as a serious and dangerous phenomenon that undermines the structures of power and authority and violates the expectations of many people as to the subsequent evolution of social life into living standards.

Civil-Military Coordination in Peacebuilding: The Obstacle in Somalia

Civil-Military Coordination in Peacebuilding: The Obstacle in Somalia
(Civil-Military Coordination in Peacebuilding: The Obstacle in Somalia)

Author(s):Chukwuma Obinwa
Language:English
Subject(s):Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:288-292
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:Peace-building; Peace operation; Coordination; Obstacle; Somalia;
Summary/Abstract:The complex nature of peacebuilding as an instrument of conflict resolution has increasingly collided the military and the civilian actors to share the same field of operation, thereby undermining the independence, impartiality and neutrality of either the military or the civilian actors. Despite the fact the military has often accentuated the need for “correspondence”, the civilian actors have conveyed concern regarding the effect of civil-military coordination on the capacity to remain independent, neutral and impartial in undertaking their main functions. This paper examines the cultural, organizational, operational and normative factors that condition the approaches of the civilian actors such as nongovernmental organizations and the military actors toward the civil-military coordination. This paper also discusses the obstacles to the (CIMIC) and offers more effective recommendations for enhancing the civil-military coordination (CIMIC) in order to achieve the economic, political and security order sought in the Somalia peacebuilding process.

Secondary Metabolites from Plants: The Thin Border Between Beneficent and Harmful

Secondary Metabolites from Plants: The Thin Border Between Beneficent and Harmful
(Secondary Metabolites from Plants: The Thin Border Between Beneficent and Harmful)

Author(s):Georgiana Mardare (Balusescu), Teodor Malutan
Language:English
Subject(s):Substance abuse and addiction
Page Range:293-299
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:chromatography; drug precursors; entities (NCE); forensic analysis; novel chemical; secondary metabolites;
Summary/Abstract:The main family of phytochemical compounds derived from naturally synthesised secondary metabolites are alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolics. Recently, these compounds known also as novel chemical entities (NCE) have been used as drug precursors or templates for synthetic moieties. Also, their potential for pharmacological applications has been as well extensively investigated. However, in recent years, a serious problem worldwide has become the use of illegal drugs, where to potential of some secondary metabolites to act as bio- or a psychoactive component is often refined. Considering that, forensic analysis of secondary metabolites from plants is of the utmost importance. Moreover, great effort has been given to developing testing strategies capable of identifying and quantifying secondary metabolites from various precursors over the past few years. Chromatography is a powerful instrumental technique in the analyses of selected NCE and seems entirely to fulfil the requirements of various laboratories all over the world.

Imaginary Love in the Context of Emotional Consumption: A Levinasian Perspective

Imaginary Love in the Context of Emotional Consumption: A Levinasian Perspective
(Imaginary Love in the Context of Emotional Consumption: A Levinasian Perspective)

Author(s):Yi Qin
Language:English
Subject(s):Individual Psychology, Psychoanalysis
Page Range:300-306
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:face; mask; emotional labor; emotional consumption; Levinas;
Summary/Abstract:This article analyses love that emerges in dancing clubs, by integrating Emmanuel Levinas' ethics of face with sociological theories on emotional consumption. The seemly ideal appearance of a strip dancer with which a regular customer falls in love is not a true display of her authentic self, but rather a mask, which is a product of her emotional labor, sold to increase her income. The customer develops emotional ties with this fabricated persona and desires her love in return. In a commercial context, the customer often fails to recognize her complex subjectivity and to welcome her true otherness. He exploits her emotional labor, while she manipulates his emotions for money. His love, which is predicated on an imaginary foundation, cannot sustain outside of dance clubs. A "mask" and a Levinasian "face" may share the same physical body yet have distinct personalities, and can thus be confusing. Levinas' ethics calls for our immediate responsibility in the face of the Other. However, not all appearances of the Other are authentic. Sometimes it is even part of one's job to be disguised, such as in the case of strip dancers, actors, etc. It is vital to first identify and embrace the Other's true face before engaging in a relationship which requires mutual responsibility.

Legal Regime of the Right of Superficies in Romania

Legal Regime of the Right of Superficies in Romania
(Legal Regime of the Right of Superficies in Romania)

Author(s):Ciprian Raul Romițan
Language:English
Subject(s):Civil Law
Page Range:307-312
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Right of superficies; real right; right of ownership; beneficial right;
Summary/Abstract:In Romanian law, the right of superficies has not known a legal regulation before passing the Law no 287/2009 on Civil Code, this one being acknowledged only by way of doctrine and jurisprudence. The right of superficies consists in the right of ownership which a person has over the construction from the land belonging to another one. As one will notice from our study, in case of the right of superficies, two categories of rights overlap, as we the Romanian courts of law have also acknowledged, namely: on the one hand, the constructor’s right of ownership over the construction and his right of use over the land on which the construction is placed; on the other hand, the right of the owner of the land on which the construction is placed to claim from the constructor to use the land on which the construction is found, according to the destination to which it is forced to pay also, if so agreed, a proper compensation for the use of that land. Therefore, the right of superficies is a beneficial right of the right of ownership of the land owner on which the construction is built by detaching from the legal content thereof of the attributes of possession and use, which are afterwards awarded to the constructor.

Adoption System in Romania

Adoption System in Romania
(Adoption System in Romania)

Author(s):Silvia Timofti
Language:English
Subject(s):Civil Law, EU-Legislation
Page Range:313-316
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:adoption; child; family; Romania; system;
Summary/Abstract:The Romanian society has undergone many changes over the years. Either in the economic, social, cultural, educational, but also family. One of the most important changes is the family structure and the creation of a new family. In this sense, since 1864, the institution of adoption was regulated in the Romanian Civil Code, which applied the Justinian law, as did the French one between the adopted and the adopter. The provisions of this code were abolished in 1954 by the entry into force of the Family Code, its autonomy and its detachment from civil law. The provision with a principle of value strictly related to the adopted one, according to which the adoption is only in the interest of the founder, is illustrative of the radical transformation of the essence of this institution-adoption. The fact is that the institution of adoption is no longer the instrument by which a family / person who wants a child can have it, but a means by which the child / adoptee can receive the family who needs.

The Role of Public Administration in Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability

The Role of Public Administration in Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability
(The Role of Public Administration in Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability)

Author(s):Aina-Obe Shamsuddin Bolatito
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Public Administration
Page Range:317-322
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Corporate Social Responsibility; Public Policies; Governance;
Summary/Abstract:Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is set to be a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute better to societal development and cleaner environment in relationship with the State Government. This development pushes governments’ developmental plans to act and impact public policies through adoption of CSR as a complementing factor to government programs. This study tries to examine and evaluate how the concept of CSR can be linked to Governance in managing public corporations and environmental integrity which public administrator needs to strengthen the philosophy of sustainability in increasing the support required by government and non-government actors by providing for public sustainability given the rapid adoption of CSR in business strategy. This paper addresses the question of how the theory of CSR practice can provide directions and support for Government Institutions. It’s explores how CSR and practices can be integrated into public services to behave in a responsible and sustainable manner by discussing the perceptions of Lagosian and their responsibilities.

Nuclear Policy in Equation of Power Balance

Nuclear Policy in Equation of Power Balance
(Nuclear Policy in Equation of Power Balance)

Author(s):Florian Râpan
Language:English
Subject(s):Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:323-329
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:disarmament; international cooperation; nuclear hazard;
Summary/Abstract:After the end of the Cold War, it was attempted to create the appropriate framework for progress in armaments control and disarmament. Although there have been fundamental changes in international relations and the security environment, efforts and initiatives in the field have proved to be often free from obstacles and disagreements. One reason for this is due to the increase in the number of states involved in the negotiations and, implicitly, the multiplication of political, economic and security interests. The logic of the bipolar world and nuclear deterrence, characteristic of the Cold War, did not take into account the security aspirations of other state actors. Currently, nuclear weapons, although necessitating an internationally sustained dialogue, raise issues that make it difficult to cooperate in this area. Owners cannot be subjected to collective sanction. Theoretically, they have great freedom of action, which can ultimately be restrained only by other nuclear powers. In addition, the idea of an anti-missile shield is increasingly being discussed, but in the absence of bilateral or multilateral agreements limiting the number and location of ballistic interceptors that can be placed by different states.

Talent in Modern Management

Talent in Modern Management
(Talent in Modern Management)

Author(s):Tinatin Zeragia
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Management and complex organizations
Page Range:330-332
No. of Pages:3
Keywords:talent; organization; management;
Summary/Abstract:Research covers the sphere of talent management, which plays an important role among strategic HR issues. More and more organizations pay their attention on attracting, managing and retaining talented employees with them. During the last decade business owners have recognized the significance of talent in achieving business results and exceeding performance standards. Talent management as the important strategic tool has left the boundaries of HR department and has become the concern of the whole organization. Despite these statements, in reality, not many managers have practical knowledge of how to discover and manage people with exceptional talent and what to do to keep them inside their companies. The labor market is quite dynamic and people often move from one organization to another, while organizations continue to fight to attract the best available talents. My research explores what are the methods and tools to find, manage and retain best people. I will explore the theoretical background of the topic, find out some practical tools and discuss how can scientific literature available for the given moment help business owner and managers to make right decisions.

The Role of the Fiscal Administrative Act in the Romanian Tax System

The Role of the Fiscal Administrative Act in the Romanian Tax System
(The Role of the Fiscal Administrative Act in the Romanian Tax System)

Author(s):Alice Maria Cristina Zdanovschi
Language:English
Subject(s):Law on Economics, Public Finances, EU-Legislation
Page Range:333-338
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:fiscal administrative act; fiscality; Romanian tax system;
Summary/Abstract:Through this article we want to present the role of the fiscal administrative act in the Romanian tax system. Thus, we will define the fiscal administrative act and other institutions specific to the Romanian tax system, such as the administration of fiscal burdens by the tax authorities or the procedure for communicating the fiscal administrative act. Also, we will present the legal effects produced by this act, its traits and its conditions of form and substance, as well as its role in the Romanian tax system.fiscal administrative act, fiscality, Romanian tax system

The Art of Fake

The Art of Fake
(The Art of Fake)

Author(s):Oana Horhogea
Language:English
Subject(s):Aesthetics, Social Philosophy
Page Range:339-342
No. of Pages:3
Keywords:art; fake; imitation; hand-writing; peculiarities;
Summary/Abstract:It was Plato who defined the meaning and metaphysical value of Beauty in a way which was valid for all types of Arts, emphasizing on the concept of “Mimesis”. This aesthetic principle, developed mainly during ancient times, states that art represents an imitation of the real world. If criminal expertise of hand-writing has as its subject the study of handwriting based on scientific evidence regarding the graphics skills with the aim of identifying the author, can we consider counterfeiting of historical evidence as a form of art? Both in the case of hand-writing and works of art, there occur anatomo-physiological and psychological peculiarities specific to their author, the complex conditioned reflexes, and the dynamic stereotype which define a certain individual. Thus, the author of the fake needs to have the ability and training to accurately render the characteristics of the original.

Literary Archetypes Between Universal Myth and Historical Moment: Shelley’s Frankenstein

Literary Archetypes Between Universal Myth and Historical Moment: Shelley’s Frankenstein
(Literary Archetypes Between Universal Myth and Historical Moment: Shelley’s Frankenstein)

Author(s):Kalea Ramsey
Language:English
Subject(s):Comparative Linguistics
Page Range:343-351
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Archetypes; Cain; Edmund Burke; Enlightenment in literature; Frankenstein;
Summary/Abstract:This research uses Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein as an anchor to look back and forth between the novel and the precursor texts and themes on which Shelley both draws and which she also transforms in light of the critical influences of her historical moment, straddling as it did a transition from the rationalism of the Enlightenment to the emotional, social and creative energies unleashed by Romanticism. This paper focuses on the themes of transgression, fear, isolation, damnation and redemption, and their importance in outlining the journeys of Victor Frankenstein and the monster he created, as well as other related works in history. The major comparisons in this research are that of Frankenstein with the archetypal figure of Prometheus, ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’, and Paradise Lost. The first was directly referenced by Mary Shelley in the allusions of Walton and Victor Frankenstein, and the latter is the epigraph of the book, which appears as one of the books that shaped the Monster’s education. Stemming from ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’, the Wandering Jew and the biblical Cain and Abel story are extended archetypes, further showing traits that could be found among the Mariner, Frankenstein, the Monster, and Satan, forming an interconnected web that weaves all these characters together. Frankenstein is also known as the ‘Modern Prometheus’: through her writing, Mary Shelley aimed to historicize and reconceptualize universalist assumptions about the nature and relevance of archetypes in literature. By historicizing the role of Prometheus and imbuing it in Victor Frankenstein, Shelley portrayed the figure of an ambitious scientist who assumed the role of God and disregarded the law of nature. She charaterized Victor such that his traits resemble those of Prometheus, yet far from reproducing an idealized archetype, Shelley brings a Greek myth down to earth, transforming it so that it can speak to the people of her time. This paper reads Frankenstein in relation to how its context transforms the universalist archetypes on which Shelley drew to give her characters and themes literary depth and texture. Shelley inflects Victor Frankenstein and his Monster with traits associated with the archetypal figures of Prometheus, Satan, and the Ancient Mariner, simultaneously relating the resulting hybrid characters to the pressing concerns of her particular historical moment and demonstrating that universal archetypes continue to be rich sources both for the creative process and for bringing perennial themes to life for successive generations of readers.

The Universality of the Right to Education - A New Perspective

The Universality of the Right to Education - A New Perspective
(The Universality of the Right to Education - A New Perspective)

Author(s):Elena Roxana Vişan
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, State/Government and Education
Page Range:352-357
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:globalization; the legal nature; the right to education;
Summary/Abstract:Against the backdrop of global change, and with a view to ensuring equal rights and freedoms for all, the need for deeper treatment of the universal nature of the right to education has emerged, while systematically preparing for quality education. The context of postmodern social development, global education policy outlines new priorities on equal opportunities, curriculum design, training organization, with a view to grounding a universal approach to all actors in the education process.

The Relation Between Law and Morality

The Relation Between Law and Morality
(The Relation Between Law and Morality)

Author(s):Emima Alistar (Hîrlav)
Language:English
Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy
Page Range:358-360
No. of Pages:3
Keywords:law; moral; philosophy; religion; rationality;
Summary/Abstract:Most specialists agree that between law and morals there is a close connection, because the moral principles of good, justice and truth are appliances and promoted by the rule of law, even if the right and the moral retains its identity. However, over time, their views on the problem of knowing what is the relationship between law and morals were contradictory. Between law and morals, I consider that there is only an apparent contradiction, because the two concepts are complementary. The right would seem a trap for lawyers in that could make them to resist the temptation to not see beyond the letter of the law, given that the need for law enforcement and understanding of its spirit. A true man of law must not only know the law but also to look beyond it and realize that the main attraction of the moral law.

Resale Price Maintenance: What Future, What Past?

Resale Price Maintenance: What Future, What Past?
(Resale Price Maintenance: What Future, What Past?)

Author(s):Varun Chakravarty
Language:English
Subject(s):Financial Markets
Page Range:361-368
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Resale price maintenance; Competition law; Rule of Reason;
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of vertical price restraints in the American, European and Indian market. Resale price maintenance refers to the efforts of a manufacturer to restrict the range of prices charged by a retailer of the manufacturer’s product. In this paper there will be an analysis of evolution of resale price maintenance in US with the inception of Sherman Act to Leegin Creative Leather case for maximum and minimum resale price maintenance. There will also be an analysis of evolution of US competition law from Per-se to Rule of reason with regard to incident of checking the anti-competitive market practice. A detailed analysis with respect to US, EU and Indian stand on competition law will be given in this research paper.

Court-Appointed Lawyer in the Criminal Trial

Court-Appointed Lawyer in the Criminal Trial
(Court-Appointed Lawyer in the Criminal Trial)

Author(s):Silviu-Ștefan Petriman
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
Page Range:369-372
No. of Pages:3
Keywords:criminal accusation; fair trial; legal assistance; right to defence;
Summary/Abstract:The article presents a few issues about the importance and necessity of a court-appointed lawyer in the criminal trial. In order to secure the right to defence, if the suspect or defendant has not appointed a lawyer to represent his/her interests, the judicial body has the obligation to take measures in order to appoint a public defender. Therefore, the protection of such rights must be material and objective, not only theoretical and illusory. But the appointment of a lawyer only is not enough to provide effective assistance. The public defender is appointed on written demand of court, justice of peace, preliminary chamber judge, criminal investigation or search body, bar council. The suspect or defendant is not allowed to elect a public defender. If appointed, the public defender has the obligation to provide legal assistance less when there is a conflict of interest between the lawyer or a suspect or defendant. This measure is determined both for consolidating the idea of fair, transparent justice and for securing a fair trial to the individuals criminally accused.

Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Infringement of Myth Hole in Romania

Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Infringement of Myth Hole in Romania
(Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Infringement of Myth Hole in Romania)

Author(s):Alexandru Peicea
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminal Law, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:373-376
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:bribery; corruption; jurisprudence; punishment;
Summary/Abstract:It is widely known that corruption worldwide generates harmful effects, affecting the economy of the whole planet over time, the good development of social relations and the trust of citizens in their own state, governors and civil servants. Taking bribes is one of the most serious offenses under the Romanian Penal Code, which is also the result of the punishment stipulated by the law to be applied to the persons committing such offenses. In order to prevent and combat this harmful phenomenon, the Romanian legislature regulated in a special law higher punishments for committing the bribery offense for persons occupying a certain position in the state or having a certain quality, circumstance which increases the degree of social danger created for social relations protected by the rule of criminalization. This paper aims to deal with the constitutive content of the bribery offense in Romania and to present relevant judicial practice issues in this field.

Brief Considerations on the Relevance of the Inter-Religious Dialogue for the Mediation of the Conflicts and the Abolition of the Religious Violence from an Orthodox Perspective

Brief Considerations on the Relevance of the Inter-Religious Dialogue for the Mediation of the Conflicts and the Abolition of the Religious Violence from an Orthodox Perspective
(Brief Considerations on the Relevance of the Inter-Religious Dialogue for the Mediation of the Conflicts and the Abolition of the Religious Violence from an Orthodox Perspective)

Author(s):Stelian Manolache
Language:English
Subject(s):Eastern Orthodoxy, Sociology of Religion
Page Range:377-383
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:postmodernity; person; Christian ontology; inter-religious;
Summary/Abstract:In a globalized world, where the poverty from side of the world is in contrast with the richness of another part, where the big cultures try to put in the shadow the small cultures of the world, religion will assume as main missionary objective the research of the manner in which the ethical discourse, the spiritual values and the philanthropic actions - determinant markers of any contemporary religion – can mediate the conflicts, the disputes and the violence inspired by religion or with inter-religious connotations. We intend to present brief considerations on the capacity of the institutionalized Christian religion to fulfill, through dialogue, the ontological and social vocation for the absorption of the violence through an irenic social-philanthropic action inspired by religion.

“White Terror and Ghosts of Kenya”: Postcolonial, Socio-Political Imagery and Narratives of Kenyan Diasporas

“White Terror and Ghosts of Kenya”: Postcolonial, Socio-Political Imagery and Narratives of Kenyan Diasporas
(“White Terror and Ghosts of Kenya”: Postcolonial, Socio-Political Imagery and Narratives of Kenyan Diasporas)

Author(s):Radoli Lydia Ouma
Language:English
Subject(s):Nationalism Studies, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:384-392
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:postcolonialism; socio-political narratives; colonial imagery; post-independence Kenya;
Summary/Abstract:“White Terror” (2013), a BBC documentary details colonial atrocities in Kenya and thereafter state of emergency. I argue, ghosts (memories) of the atrocities still haunt a few remaining colonial survivors. Socio-political colonial structures were inherited in post-independence Kenya. The documentary based on Harvard’s History Professor Caroline Elkins (2005) research was evidenced in a legal suit of five colonial survivors against the British government for torture. Post-2007 ethno-political conflicts in Kenya can be linked to misappropriations in the 1954 Swynerton land tenure reforms. British occupation of native land sparked an insurgency that resulted in a state emergency (1952-1960), and later turned into struggle for independence. To Kenyans, Mau Mau (largely Kikuyus) were freedom fighters, but inhuman savage terrorists to colonial agents. Geographical annexing of land placed the Kikuyu, a dominant ethnic group close to the colonial capital, while the rest of the tribes were disbursed in the peripheries. In postcolonial Kenya, political and economic disparities herald power struggles between dominant ethnicities, in the case of Kenya; Kikuyu, Luo and Kalenjin. Postcolonial theory was a result of colonial experience, “the testimonies of the third world countries and discourses of minorities within geographical and political divisions of “East and West”, “North and South” (Bhabha 1994). First generational Kenyans survived colonialism, but retain narratives of the struggle over colonial domination. Using a postcolonial and discourse theoretic qualitative methodology for documentary and interviews analysis, this paper traces narratives of postcolonial Kenya and impacts on present day social political challenges.

Proceedings of the 12th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Proceedings of the 12th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy

Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy (Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy)

The Impact of Social Variables on Financial Performance

The Impact of Social Variables on Financial Performance (The Impact of Social Variables on Financial Performance)

An Exploratory Look at a MENA Leadership Yardstick

An Exploratory Look at a MENA Leadership Yardstick (An Exploratory Look at a MENA Leadership Yardstick)

Irrationality of Investment Funds Managers in the Light of Available Information – Case of Poland

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On Artificial Intelligence’s Razor’s Edge: On the Future of Democracy and Society in the Artificial Age

On Artificial Intelligence’s Razor’s Edge: On the Future of Democracy and Society in the Artificial Age (On Artificial Intelligence’s Razor’s Edge: On the Future of Democracy and Society in the Artificial Age)

Global Corporate Tax Rate Competition Who Pays the Bill?

Global Corporate Tax Rate Competition Who Pays the Bill? (Global Corporate Tax Rate Competition Who Pays the Bill?)

Determinants of Entertainment and Apparel Expenditures in an American Household

Determinants of Entertainment and Apparel Expenditures in an American Household (Determinants of Entertainment and Apparel Expenditures in an American Household)

CEO Compensation Trends in the Republic of Serbia in the Context of EU Integration

CEO Compensation Trends in the Republic of Serbia in the Context of EU Integration (CEO Compensation Trends in the Republic of Serbia in the Context of EU Integration)

Emerging the U.S. Firm Size Distribution Using 4.2 Billion Individual Tax Records

Emerging the U.S. Firm Size Distribution Using 4.2 Billion Individual Tax Records (Emerging the U.S. Firm Size Distribution Using 4.2 Billion Individual Tax Records)

Factors Contributing to Marital Dissatisfaction and Divorce in the Military

Factors Contributing to Marital Dissatisfaction and Divorce in the Military (Factors Contributing to Marital Dissatisfaction and Divorce in the Military)

Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data

Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data (Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data)

Poverty Reduction Through Pro-Poor Tourism: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Varanasi

Poverty Reduction Through Pro-Poor Tourism: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Varanasi (Poverty Reduction Through Pro-Poor Tourism: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Varanasi)

Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: Contrasting Approaches in Brazil and Canada

Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: Contrasting Approaches in Brazil and Canada (Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: Contrasting Approaches in Brazil and Canada)

Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?

Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality? (Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?)

The Incompatibility of the Sharia Law and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam with the European Convention on Human Rights

The Incompatibility of the Sharia Law and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam with the European Convention on Human Rights (The Incompatibility of the Sharia Law and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam with the European Convention on Human Rights)

The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the Nexus

The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the Nexus (The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the Nexus)

Training and Education - Mission of Essence in the Development of the Individual and Society

Training and Education - Mission of Essence in the Development of the Individual and Society (Training and Education - Mission of Essence in the Development of the Individual and Society)

Crouching Bear and Hidden Dragon: The Limitations in the Sino-Russian Alliance

Crouching Bear and Hidden Dragon: The Limitations in the Sino-Russian Alliance (Crouching Bear and Hidden Dragon: The Limitations in the Sino-Russian Alliance)

Sustainable Valorization of Vernacular Patrimony in European and American Space.

Sustainable Valorization of Vernacular Patrimony in European and American Space. (Sustainable Valorization of Vernacular Patrimony in European and American Space.)

Citizenship Education for the Blossoming of Participatory Democracy

Citizenship Education for the Blossoming of Participatory Democracy (Citizenship Education for the Blossoming of Participatory Democracy)

The Architecture Behind the Malpractice Concept Guidelines

The Architecture Behind the Malpractice Concept Guidelines (The Architecture Behind the Malpractice Concept Guidelines)

Performance Management and Quality Assurance in Primary Healthcare Institutions

Performance Management and Quality Assurance in Primary Healthcare Institutions (Performance Management and Quality Assurance in Primary Healthcare Institutions)

Transformational Processes in Organizational Life: Symbolic Imprinting and Symbolic Triggers

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Teenage Pregnancy: Time for Change and Action

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And Yet the Black Sea Can Be an Essential Geostrategic Pivot in the Solution of Euro-Asiatic Endogenous Conflictuality

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Formation of Post-conflict Georgian identities

Formation of Post-conflict Georgian identities (Formation of Post-conflict Georgian identities)

A Sociocultural Approach to Learning to Teach with Technology: Reflections on Pre-service Teachers’ Field Experiences

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The Causal Link between Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Behavior and Filicide

The Causal Link between Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Behavior and Filicide (The Causal Link between Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Behavior and Filicide)

Banning Plastic Shopping Bags: Raising Environmental Consciousness on National Level

Banning Plastic Shopping Bags: Raising Environmental Consciousness on National Level (Banning Plastic Shopping Bags: Raising Environmental Consciousness on National Level)

Release of Prisoners and Rehabilitation Programs for Integration Into Society

Release of Prisoners and Rehabilitation Programs for Integration Into Society (Release of Prisoners and Rehabilitation Programs for Integration Into Society)

Analysis the Traces Identified in the Case of Violent Crimes

Analysis the Traces Identified in the Case of Violent Crimes (Analysis the Traces Identified in the Case of Violent Crimes)

Understanding Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Use: Some Pedagogical Issues

Understanding Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Use: Some Pedagogical Issues (Understanding Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Use: Some Pedagogical Issues)

Conditional Liberation - One of the Measures to Achieve the Purpose of Criminal Punishment

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Impact of Psycho-Social Predictors on the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Pakistan

Impact of Psycho-Social Predictors on the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Pakistan (Impact of Psycho-Social Predictors on the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Pakistan)

The Right Not to Punish

The Right Not to Punish (The Right Not to Punish)

A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal

A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal (A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal)

Creating Guilt in Business

Creating Guilt in Business (Creating Guilt in Business)

The Special Measures Taken During Administrative Monopoly Investigation in China

The Special Measures Taken During Administrative Monopoly Investigation in China (The Special Measures Taken During Administrative Monopoly Investigation in China)

The Potential of the Church in Contemporary Culture

The Potential of the Church in Contemporary Culture (The Potential of the Church in Contemporary Culture)

Criminal Aspects Specific to Corruption Offenses

Proceedings of the 12th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 12th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy
(Experiences, Choice and Well-Being: An Economics of Psychological Energy)

The Impact of Social Variables on Financial Performance
(The Impact of Social Variables on Financial Performance)

An Exploratory Look at a MENA Leadership Yardstick
(An Exploratory Look at a MENA Leadership Yardstick)

Irrationality of Investment Funds Managers in the Light of Available Information – Case of Poland
(Irrationality of Investment Funds Managers in the Light of Available Information – Case of Poland)

On Artificial Intelligence’s Razor’s Edge: On the Future of Democracy and Society in the Artificial Age
(On Artificial Intelligence’s Razor’s Edge: On the Future of Democracy and Society in the Artificial Age)

Global Corporate Tax Rate Competition Who Pays the Bill?
(Global Corporate Tax Rate Competition Who Pays the Bill?)

Determinants of Entertainment and Apparel Expenditures in an American Household
(Determinants of Entertainment and Apparel Expenditures in an American Household)

CEO Compensation Trends in the Republic of Serbia in the Context of EU Integration
(CEO Compensation Trends in the Republic of Serbia in the Context of EU Integration)

Emerging the U.S. Firm Size Distribution Using 4.2 Billion Individual Tax Records
(Emerging the U.S. Firm Size Distribution Using 4.2 Billion Individual Tax Records)

Factors Contributing to Marital Dissatisfaction and Divorce in the Military
(Factors Contributing to Marital Dissatisfaction and Divorce in the Military)

Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data
(Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data)

Poverty Reduction Through Pro-Poor Tourism: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Varanasi
(Poverty Reduction Through Pro-Poor Tourism: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Varanasi)

Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: Contrasting Approaches in Brazil and Canada
(Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: Contrasting Approaches in Brazil and Canada)

Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?
(Gender Issues in Russian Democratization: The Myth or the Reality?)

The Incompatibility of the Sharia Law and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam with the European Convention on Human Rights
(The Incompatibility of the Sharia Law and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam with the European Convention on Human Rights)

The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the Nexus
(The Rule of Law, Democracy and Competing Paradigms of National Development: Locating the Nexus)

Training and Education - Mission of Essence in the Development of the Individual and Society
(Training and Education - Mission of Essence in the Development of the Individual and Society)

Crouching Bear and Hidden Dragon: The Limitations in the Sino-Russian Alliance
(Crouching Bear and Hidden Dragon: The Limitations in the Sino-Russian Alliance)

Sustainable Valorization of Vernacular Patrimony in European and American Space.
(Sustainable Valorization of Vernacular Patrimony in European and American Space.)

Citizenship Education for the Blossoming of Participatory Democracy
(Citizenship Education for the Blossoming of Participatory Democracy)

The Architecture Behind the Malpractice Concept Guidelines
(The Architecture Behind the Malpractice Concept Guidelines)

Performance Management and Quality Assurance in Primary Healthcare Institutions
(Performance Management and Quality Assurance in Primary Healthcare Institutions)

Transformational Processes in Organizational Life: Symbolic Imprinting and Symbolic Triggers
(Transformational Processes in Organizational Life: Symbolic Imprinting and Symbolic Triggers)

Teenage Pregnancy: Time for Change and Action
(Teenage Pregnancy: Time for Change and Action)

And Yet the Black Sea Can Be an Essential Geostrategic Pivot in the Solution of Euro-Asiatic Endogenous Conflictuality
(And Yet the Black Sea Can Be an Essential Geostrategic Pivot in the Solution of Euro-Asiatic Endogenous Conflictuality)

Formation of Post-conflict Georgian identities
(Formation of Post-conflict Georgian identities)

A Sociocultural Approach to Learning to Teach with Technology: Reflections on Pre-service Teachers’ Field Experiences
(A Sociocultural Approach to Learning to Teach with Technology: Reflections on Pre-service Teachers’ Field Experiences)

The Causal Link between Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Behavior and Filicide
(The Causal Link between Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Behavior and Filicide)

Banning Plastic Shopping Bags: Raising Environmental Consciousness on National Level
(Banning Plastic Shopping Bags: Raising Environmental Consciousness on National Level)

Release of Prisoners and Rehabilitation Programs for Integration Into Society
(Release of Prisoners and Rehabilitation Programs for Integration Into Society)

Analysis the Traces Identified in the Case of Violent Crimes
(Analysis the Traces Identified in the Case of Violent Crimes)

Understanding Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Use: Some Pedagogical Issues
(Understanding Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Technology Use: Some Pedagogical Issues)

Conditional Liberation - One of the Measures to Achieve the Purpose of Criminal Punishment
(Conditional Liberation - One of the Measures to Achieve the Purpose of Criminal Punishment)

Impact of Psycho-Social Predictors on the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Pakistan
(Impact of Psycho-Social Predictors on the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Pakistan)

The Right Not to Punish
(The Right Not to Punish)

A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal
(A Culture of Violence? Women in Twentieth Century Bengal)

Creating Guilt in Business
(Creating Guilt in Business)

The Special Measures Taken During Administrative Monopoly Investigation in China
(The Special Measures Taken During Administrative Monopoly Investigation in China)

The Potential of the Church in Contemporary Culture
(The Potential of the Church in Contemporary Culture)

Criminal Aspects Specific to Corruption Offenses
(Criminal Aspects Specific to Corruption Offenses)

Civil-Military Coordination in Peacebuilding: The Obstacle in Somalia
(Civil-Military Coordination in Peacebuilding: The Obstacle in Somalia)

Secondary Metabolites from Plants: The Thin Border Between Beneficent and Harmful
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Imaginary Love in the Context of Emotional Consumption: A Levinasian Perspective
(Imaginary Love in the Context of Emotional Consumption: A Levinasian Perspective)

Legal Regime of the Right of Superficies in Romania
(Legal Regime of the Right of Superficies in Romania)

Adoption System in Romania
(Adoption System in Romania)

The Role of Public Administration in Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability
(The Role of Public Administration in Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability)

Nuclear Policy in Equation of Power Balance
(Nuclear Policy in Equation of Power Balance)

Talent in Modern Management
(Talent in Modern Management)

The Role of the Fiscal Administrative Act in the Romanian Tax System
(The Role of the Fiscal Administrative Act in the Romanian Tax System)

The Art of Fake
(The Art of Fake)

Literary Archetypes Between Universal Myth and Historical Moment: Shelley’s Frankenstein
(Literary Archetypes Between Universal Myth and Historical Moment: Shelley’s Frankenstein)

The Universality of the Right to Education - A New Perspective
(The Universality of the Right to Education - A New Perspective)

The Relation Between Law and Morality
(The Relation Between Law and Morality)

Resale Price Maintenance: What Future, What Past?
(Resale Price Maintenance: What Future, What Past?)

Court-Appointed Lawyer in the Criminal Trial
(Court-Appointed Lawyer in the Criminal Trial)

Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Infringement of Myth Hole in Romania
(Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Infringement of Myth Hole in Romania)

“White Terror and Ghosts of Kenya”: Postcolonial, Socio-Political Imagery and Narratives of Kenyan Diasporas
(“White Terror and Ghosts of Kenya”: Postcolonial, Socio-Political Imagery and Narratives of Kenyan Diasporas)