Древности. Исследования. Проблемы
Antiquities. Studies. Issues
Essays in Honour of Nicolai Telnov on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday
Contributor(s): Vitalii S. Sinika (Editor), Roman A. Rabinovich (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Archaeology, Ancient World, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
Published by: Издательский дом Stratum, Университет «Высшая антропологическая школа»
Keywords: archaeology; history; Middle Ages;Early Slavs;Cucuteni-Tripolie Culture;Early Iron Age;
Summary/Abstract: This volume has been prepared quickly, smoothly and cheerfully. This is, perhaps, because it is dedicated to the 70th birthday anniversary of a person who is always cheerful himself, an archaeologist, zealous and lucky researcher, a radiant personality and a very kind man, as well as a wonderful colleague and true friend of all good people – Nicolai Telnov.His journey in science has been long and fruitful: from Belgorod to Bucovina, from the Crimea to the Carpathians; expeditions and field surveys, libraries and museums; with shovel and satchel; with fantastic patience and sensational results, with vast experience and rich knowledge ready to share with his colleagues and disciples. Telnov’s realm is Tripolye and Scythians, Dacians and Slavs, medieval nomads and the old letters of the sad Lay of Igor’s Warfare. His inquisitive mind knows no limits, and we will be more than glad if this volume can serve him and other readers as a trigger to follow the thorny path of science in search of new insights.
Series: Библиотека Stratum
- E-ISBN-13: 978-9975-3198-1-2
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-9975-4269-9-2
- Page Count: 508
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: Russian
К юбилею Николая Петровича Тельнова
К юбилею Николая Петровича Тельнова
(This issue is dedicated to Nicolai P. Telnov’s birthday anniversary)
- Author(s):Vitalii S. Sinika
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, Editorial, Scientific Life
- Page Range:13-15
- No. of Pages:3
- Summary/Abstract:Ad gloriam
Исследования трипольского поселения Русановцы в Верхнем Побужье в 2010—2012 гг.
Исследования трипольского поселения Русановцы в Верхнем Побужье в 2010—2012 гг.
(Research of the Trypillia Settlement Rusanovtsy in the Upper Southern Bug River in 2010—2012)
- Author(s):Eduard V. Ovchinnikov
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Anthropology, Archaeology, Ancient World, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
- Page Range:19-34
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Cucuteni-Trypillia; Upper Southern Bug region; ground structure; painted ceramics; flint tools
- Summary/Abstract:In 2010—2012, excavations were carried out at the Trypillia settlement of Rusanovtsy 1, located in the upper reaches of the Upper Southern Bug River. The remains of three ground structures, which could have one and two chambers were studied. The living quarters were located at the level of the lower tier, as indicated by details of the interior — hearths and permanently installed pithos. Among the finds, ceramics with bichromic paintings predominate — a pattern made with dark brown paint, supplemented with white edging or small patterns. Products made from flint from local Bug or imported Volhynian raw materials were manufactured directly at the settlement. The settlement belongs to post-Zaleshchiki sites and dates to the beginning of stage BII.
Расписная керамика позднего энеолита на поселении Орловка-Картал на Нижнем Дунае
Расписная керамика позднего энеолита на поселении Орловка-Картал на Нижнем Дунае
(Late Eneolithic Painted Pottery at the Settlement of Orlovka-Kartal on the Lower Danube)
- Author(s):Igor V. Manzura
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:35-48
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Southeastern Europe; Lower Danube; Late Eneolithic; Cucuteni-Tripolye culture; Cernavodă I culture; Usatovo culture; painted pottery
- Summary/Abstract:Fragmented painted pottery is uncovered predominately in the layer and structures of the Cernavodă I culture (the 2nd quarter of the 4th mill. BC). Part of fragments derives from complexes of the Early Iron Age cut into the late Eneolithic layer or is represented by stray finds. According to technological traits the pottery corresponds to painted ceramics of the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture. Several morphological types can be distinguished: cylindrical-conical bowls, relatively large pots with conical or cylindrical neck, jugs with high cylindrical neck, small widely open pots with globular body and small amphora with vertical handles on shoulders. The painting consists of two main kinds. The first kind embraces geometric or curvilinear ornaments composed from broad crossing or complementary bands which find best parallels mainly in the ornamentation of the Cucuteni B2-Tripolye C1 pottery. The second kind of the painting includes net-like ornament or compositions made of narrow crossing diagonal bands (“sparse net”). This kind of painted design is related only to the small vessels with globular body and amphora. Such morphological and stylistic types can be considered as manifestations of particular ceramic tradition of the Cernavodă I culture probably emerged under influence of the Cucuteni B-Tripolye C1 culture. They are broadly distributed in late Eneolithic graves of the Northwest Pontic region and can be regarded as additional evidence for attributing this territory to the area of the late Eneolithic Cernavodă I culture.
Комплекс раннего бронзового века с каменной фигуркой из Северо-Восточного Приазовья
Комплекс раннего бронзового века с каменной фигуркой из Северо-Восточного Приазовья
(The Early Bronze Age Complex with a Stone Figurine from the North-East Azov Sea Region)
- Author(s):Sergey N. Razumov, Anatolii N. Usachuk
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:49-58
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:North Black Sea region; the Early Bronze Age; Pit Graves cultural and historical community; barrow; funerary rite; sculpture; flint items
- Summary/Abstract:The grave goods contained in the main burial complex of Zintseva Balka 2/17 (North-Eastern Azov Sea Region), a Pit Grave Cultural and Historical Community site, were very expressive, including a damaged flint biface and a stylized sandstone figurine, which was morphologically similar to the stele from the Early Bronze Age barrows. Analysis of existing analogies showed that use of small stylized stone sculptures, often in combination with cutting tools, was a part of the funerary rite of the cattle-breeding population of the steppe zone of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, reflecting its ideological representations. Presence of such figurines in graves may indicate a special social and/or sacral status of the buried.
Курганы бронзового века в низовьях Днепра (раскопки Краснознаменской экспедиции в 1991 г.)
Курганы бронзового века в низовьях Днепра (раскопки Краснознаменской экспедиции в 1991 г.)
(Bronze Age Barrows in the Lower Dnieper Region (excavations of the Krasnoznamenskaya expedition in 1991))
- Author(s):Gennadiy L. Evdokimov, Natalia M. Danilko, Sergei Zh. Pustovalov
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:59-88
- No. of Pages:30
- Keywords:Lower Dnieper region; Bronze Age; barrow; burial; Yamnaya culture; Catacomb culture; Babino culture; Srubnaya culture
- Summary/Abstract:The article deals with the results of studies of the Bronze Age barrows by the Krasnoznamenskaya expedition in the Lower Dnieper region in 1991. Data about 53 burials of Pit Graves cultural-historical community (36), Catacomb Graves cultures (10), Babino culture (2), and the Berezhnovka-Maiovka Srubnaya Graves culture (5) are published here. There are many children's graves among the burials of the Pit Grave culture. The Late Tripolye influences were noted in the funerary rite of the Pit Graves population. Complexes of the Ingul Catacomb culture are the most interesting. The praying pose, as well as the pose typical for the Pit Graves burials (as another evidence of the simultaneous existence of the Pit Graves and the Ingul population), a batch internment, a rare ritual bowl of rectangular shape, sling stones, and a stone ax-hammer were found. Ordinary graves predominate in all cultures.
Курганная группа 3 Войцеховского могильника (по результатам исследований 2011—2012 гг.)
Курганная группа 3 Войцеховского могильника (по результатам исследований 2011—2012 гг.)
(Barrow Group 3 of the Voytsehovka Cemetery (excavations of 2011—2012))
- Author(s):Sergey D. Lysenko, Svetlana S. Lysenko
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:89-112
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Ukraine; Volhynia; Late Bronze Age; Trzciniec cultural circle; Komarov culture; Voytsehovka cemetery
- Summary/Abstract:In 2011, the Fastov archaeological expedition renewed the research on the barrow cemetery of the Komarov culture of the Trzciniec cultural circle. This cemetery is located on the border of the Zhitomir and Khmelnytsky regions of Ukraine, between the Miropol, Kolodyazhnaya and Kolosovka (the former Voytsehovka), on the left bank of the river Sluch. Earlier excavations on the site, included in archaeological literature under the name of the Voytsehovka cemetery, were conducted by S. S. Gamchenko (1924) and E. F. Lagodovskaya (1949), who studied 14 barrows in two barrowgroups. In 2011—2012 in the newly discovered barrow group no. 3 four barrows were excavated, containing the remains of seven burials. Based on radiocarbon dating and analysis of the ceramic complex, the barrows can be dated by the midddle — the third quarter of 2nd millennium BC. All the mounds were erected on the natural hills of the dune ridge occupied earlier by the settlement of the late Tripolye culture. The publication provides a detailed description of all objects studied in 2011—2012.
Поселение эпохи поздней бронзы Мечетное-2 в среднем течении р. Северский Донец
Поселение эпохи поздней бронзы Мечетное-2 в среднем течении р. Северский Донец
(The Settlement of Mechetne-2 of the Late Bronze Age in the Middle Donets Area)
- Author(s):Alexey S. Probeygolova
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:113-124
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Seversky Donets Basin; Late Bronze Age; settlement of Mechetne-2; stone buildings; Berezhnovka-Maevka Srubnaya culture
- Summary/Abstract:In 2013, the expedition of Luhansk National University conducted rescue archaeological research at the Late Bronze Age settlement Mechetne-2 near Kamenka village in the Lugansk region, Ukraine. The remains of two stone buildings exposed to the intensive devastation were studied. The house-building traditions and ceramic assemblages belong to the Srubnaya (Timber-grave) cultural and historical community. The material found in the filling and on the floor of the buildings belongs to the early stage of Berezhnovka-Maevka Srubnaya culture.
Булавки с пластинчатой головкой эпохи поздней бронзы с территории Украины
Булавки с пластинчатой головкой эпохи поздней бронзы с территории Украины
(Pins with a Plate Head of the Late Bronze Age from the Territory of Ukraine)
- Author(s):Svetlana S. Lysenko
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:125-133
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Ukraine; late Bronze Age; the Trzciniec cultural circle; Komarov culture; Sabatinovka culture; adornments; pins with a plate head
- Summary/Abstract:Eight pins with a plate-shaped rhombic head, one mould for making such pins and one pin with a head in the form of a triangular flap were found on the territory of modern Ukraine. The distribution area of these types of pins does not go beyond the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Dnieper Right Bank and the North-Western Black Sea region. The earliest finds of such pins are connected with the funerary complexes of the early and early classical stages of the Komarov culture of the Trzciniec cultural circle (the second quarter — the middle of the 2nd millennium BC). Later they spread to the area of the Sabatinovka-Noua-Coslogeni cultural circle (Dnieper Right Bank steppe, Moldova, Romania), where they are known in settlements and hoards of the third quarter of the 2nd millennium BC. This publication provides a detailed description of all the pins of these types, originating from the territory of Ukraine.
Новочеркасский клад 1939 г. — эпонимный памятник предскифского периода
Новочеркасский клад 1939 г. — эпонимный памятник предскифского периода
(Novocherkassk Hoard of 1939 — an Eponymous Site of the Pre-Scythian Period)
- Author(s):Sergey B. Valchak
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:137-146
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:south of Eastern Europe; pre-Scythian period; Novocherkassk hoard; horse harness; weaponry
- Summary/Abstract:The article publishes a set of bronze items from the Novocherkassk hoard found in 1939 in the basin of the Lower Don. This hoard is one of the main archaeological complexes, which served as the basis for chronology of the pre-Scythian period. The finds are examined against a broad background of analogies related to the characteristic articles of the North Caucasus production centers in the second half of the 8th — the first half of the 7th cc. BC.
Систематизация костно-роговой индустрии раннего железного века Поднестровья (на основе коллекции поселения Чобручи)
Систематизация костно-роговой индустрии раннего железного века Поднестровья (на основе коллекции поселения Чобручи)
(A Systematic Outline of Bone and Antler Industry in the Dniester Region Iron Age: some principles from Chobruchi settlement site)
- Author(s):Valentin B. Pankowski, Sergey A. Fidelski
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:147-163
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Dniester Region; Chobruchi; Iron Age; bone and antler industry; classification; traceology
- Summary/Abstract:The paper aims to survey current systematizing developments for the osseous industries dated back to the 6th—2nd centuries BC in the Northwest Pontic area. These trends, however, appear to be applicable to any of the many worked-bone-containing parts in the whole archaeological oecumene. The readers are introduced to the classificatory concepts which only have been explicated in parts elsewhere. Basically, the North Pontic archaeologists definitely used to seek their worked bone archaeological record to be completely imposed into classification. Yet any kind of such classifications normally contains impermeable inherent limits set up by the researchers themselves, who usually face a scarcity of comprehensive expert data. Here, some special solutions to the problem are put forward based on systemic classificatory approach. The approach refers to the osseous raw material structures and the ways they have been transformed during manufacture. The technoclasses concept of adapting, modifying, and converting bone and antler during utilization goes back, in particular, to Andrei Borodovskiy’s technological systematics. The traceological studies, in turn, tend to embed all identifiable objects into a system, since many more different means of functional analysis would work as verifying methods. At the same time, the artefacts’ technical functions and the manners they were used are the issues of special research concern. Further, the ways past equipment including instruments, implements, and accessories might have affected on or interacted with objects and substances, resulted in rational shapes and use-wear patterns in artefacts. The entities of tools, devices, joints, furniture, andparaphernalia seem to be quite perceptive to the variability in worked bone and antler record. This kind of arrangement may have been flexibly changed in terms of its units and even sections hierarchy, whereas its principal ideas are here to stay with no need them to be rearranged.
Состав вооружения и возможности культурной группировки (на материалах скифского времени Карпато-Подунавья)
Состав вооружения и возможности культурной группировки (на материалах скифского времени Карпато-Подунавья)
(The Panoply and Cultural Grouping of Scyhian Period in Carpathian-Danube Region)
- Author(s):Denis A. Topal
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:165-194
- No. of Pages:30
- Keywords:Carpathian-Danube region; Scythian culture; akinakes; axe; spear; panoply; cultural grouping
- Summary/Abstract:The division between the dimensional groups of blade weapons is conditional and, probably, the boundary between them can vary from one epoch to another. The analysis of variation series of such features as “total length” and “blade length” showed the heterogeneity of the sample (more than 800 ex.) and the existence of several functional standards. Five groups were distinguished: daggers (with a blade length of up to 21 cm), short swords (21—37 cm), medium swords (38—53 cm), long swords (54—75 cm) and extra-long swords (with a blade length in excess of 75 cm). Mapping of spearheads and axes also made it possible to reveal some regularities. It became obvious that it is possible to build a typological grouping of regions on the basis of the contents of weaponry and move from small cultural groups to cultural blocks, enclaves, communities of people who preferred similar types of weapons. The counting of the degree of similarity by the method of classification by unequal features demonstrated several such enclaves: “Carpathian” one, where the greatest degree of similarity was manifested between Western Podolian, Transylvanian and Moldavian groups. The main types for this enclave are a dagger or a short sword and an axe. The next, “Steppe” block includes the Lower Danube, Lower Dniester, South Carpathian and South Danubian groups, in which the spearheads and medium or long swords are widely distributed. The third, “Western” block united the Hungarian and Polish groups, for which the axes and spearheads are more characteristic.
Образно-сюжетный репертуар восточноевропейского скифского звериного стиля: принципы и результаты классифицирования и кодирования
Образно-сюжетный репертуар восточноевропейского скифского звериного стиля: принципы и результаты классифицирования и кодирования
(Imagery Repertoire of the Eastern European Scythian Animal Style: the principles and results of classification and coding)
- Author(s):Anatoliy R. Kantorovich
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Cultural history, Ancient World, History of Art
- Page Range:195-222
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:Eastern Europe; Scythian animal style; images; repertoire; classification; taxonomy; coding
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of steady growth of the archaeological material, the systematization and classification of the array of images of the Scythian-Siberian animal style becomes very important in order to create the uniform language for its description. The article presents an algorithm for classifying this source and substantiates the taxonomy and hierarchy of classification levels. The article presents main results of the classification of 2207 full-figured and reduced images of the Eastern European Scythian animal style (within the Scythian archaeological culture), identifying 345 morphological types. It is demonstrated by what way a set of images of the Scythian animal style can be formalized with the help of alphanumeric code. It is proposed to apply these principles of classification and coding to other local variants of the Scythian-Siberian animal style, which will provide a consolidated basis enabling their comparison.
Скифский курган 116 первой половины III в. до н. э. у с. Глиное
Скифский курган 116 первой половины III в. до н. э. у с. Глиное
(Scythian Barrow 116 of the First Half of the 3rd Century BC near Glinoe Village)
- Author(s):Vitalii S. Sinika, Nicolai P. Telnov
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:223-266
- No. of Pages:44
- Keywords:left bank of the Lower Dniester Region; 3rd century BC; Scythians; barrow; burial; catacomb; torque; bracelet; mirror; fibulae
- Summary/Abstract:In 2017, barrow 116 of the Scythian cemetery of the 3rd—2nd centuries BC near Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester Region was investigated. Two burials in the catacombs were studied under the mound, surrounded by a ring ditch with two ruptures. A paired children's burial was made in the northern burial chamber of the main grave 116/1, accompanied by an unusual inventory — a three-tiered torque, a pair of gold earrings, a silver multi-turned bracelet, two belt buckles with images of men's faces, a bronze mirror with an iron handle in a sheath, two conical and two flat trapezoidal pendants, as well as a bunch of composite adornments from beads. Wooden coffin was built to bury a man — a noble warrior in the eastern burial chamber of this catacomb. Three fibulae were found on the skeleton in addition to a representative set of weapons, adornments and a hand-made bowl. Also a warrior was buried in the secondary grave 116/2, a pair of long fighting knives lay near the body. Barrow 116 dates back to the third quarter of the 3rd century BC on the basis of the fibulae of the Early La-Tene construction and fragments of Heraclean amphora from the ditch.
Сарматское завоевание Северного Причерноморья (современное состояние проблемы)
Сарматское завоевание Северного Причерноморья (современное состояние проблемы)
(Sarmatian Conquest of the Northern Black Sea Region (current studies))
- Author(s):Sergey V. Polin
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Military history, Political history, Ancient World
- Page Range:267-288
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Great Scythia; Scythians; Sarmatians; Prokhorovka culture; barrow; burial; amphora; amphora’s stamps; hillfort; settlement; fortifications
- Summary/Abstract:The author addresses the problem of decline of the Great Scythia and the Sarmatian conquest of the Northern Black Sea region. The archaeological data suggest that there is no link between these events, because there is more than one hundred years between them. This idea, advanced twenty-five years ago, has been supported by new arguments over the past years. Nevertheless, new publications appear from time to time with different speculations on this issue based on obsolete arguments. These publications disregard modern condition of sources in the Northern Black Sea region. And they are relentless: the disintegration and disappearance of the Great Scythia and appearance of the Sarmatians in the Northern Black Sea region are not related and are separated by time.
Комплекс со щитом кельтского типа из некрополя Ак-Кая/Вишенное в Крыму
Комплекс со щитом кельтского типа из некрополя Ак-Кая/Вишенное в Крыму
(Complex with a Celtic Type Shield from Ak-Kaya Necropolis in Crimea)
- Author(s):Yuriy P. Zaytsev
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:289-318
- No. of Pages:30
- Keywords:Northern Black Sea region; Crimea; Hellenistic period; Celts; late Scythians; vault-catacomb; shield
- Summary/Abstract:The article is dedicated to the publication of Hellenistic burial complex investigated on the territory of Ak-Kaya necropolis in 2015. There were 4 burials and 2nd—1st cc. BC diverse implements investigated in underground catacomb. Most interesting was a big oval Celtic type schield with numerous iron components — the first such find in Nortern Black sea region. There its detailed description and reconstruction, analogies and similar finds from the territory of Bosporan Kingdom and Chersonesos in the article.
Надчеканки на статерах царя Фарзоя как источники исторической информации
Надчеканки на статерах царя Фарзоя как источники исторической информации
(Countermarks on Staters of King Pharzoius as Sources of Historical Information)
- Author(s):Mikhail M. Choref
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:319-330
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Olbia; Roman period; Sarmatians; Pharzoius; numismatics
- Summary/Abstract:The study addresses such rare coins as King Pharzoius's staters, whose emissions are diverse and long-lasting. Countermarks on them stir special interest: two types of monograms and the image of dolphin. While the countermarks have not been studied and the abbreviations still not decoded, the author makes an attempt to shed light into these issues. As a result, he managed to identify Nero's and Galba's names' abbreviations. Countermarks with their names were struck on light-weight Pharzoius's staters, while dolphin could be struck on his full-weight gold coins, as ordered by the Olbian authorities.
О времени появления славян на территории Молдовы
О времени появления славян на территории Молдовы
(About the Time of the Appearance of the Slavs in the Territory of Moldova)
- Author(s):Igor O. Gavritukhin, Michel Kazanski
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:333-354
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Moldova; Great Migration period; Slavs; fibulae; mirrors
- Summary/Abstract:A fibula of the Bratei (Bratei-Brigetio) type was found in the Slavic settlement of Selişte. The brooches of this type are common from Gallia to Don in the Great Migration period, most finds originate from the Middle Danube basin. This clasp belongs to the female costume of the East German tradition and dates back to the middle of the 5th century. Mirror from Hansca is of the Chmi-Brigetio type, spread from the Rhine to the Caucasus to Volga-Ural region. In this case, apparently, it dates back to the 5th century (like most mirrors of this type) and is associated with the early Slavic horizon. Perhaps, its presence in the Slavic settlement marks the time of the appearance of the Slavs in the territory of Moldova.
Раннесредневековое поселение Стаево-4 в Верхнем Подонье
Раннесредневековое поселение Стаево-4 в Верхнем Подонье
(Early Medieval Settlement Stаyevo-4 in the Upper Don Region)
- Author(s):Andrei M. Oblomskii, Jiři Hošek, Vladimir I. Zavyalov
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology
- Page Range:355-387
- No. of Pages:33
- Keywords:The Upper Don region; Early Middle Ages; iron metallurgy; slag; chemical composition
- Summary/Abstract:The author publishes the results of studies on Stayevo-4 settlement (Michurinsk district, Tambov region). Ferrous metallurgy and black smithery were main occupations of the local population. The site yielded numerous iron artifacts and blacksmith tools. None of the unearthed structures used to serve as a dwelling. Most likely, the territory used to be metallurgists' and blacksmiths' production area. A series of decorations and elements of belt sets found here date this site by the second half of the 5th—7th centuries. The settlement is the latest of the sites of Chertovitskoe-Zamiatino type in the Upper Don region.The study revealed differences in chemical composition of slag samples from Istia-2 and Stayevo-4. The findings can be used to infer wether the slags and slag inclusions originated from Istia-2 or Stayevo-4.
К изучению жeнcкиx украшений из могильника с трупосожжениями Пржитлуки культуры с керамикой пражского типа
К изучению жeнcкиx украшений из могильника с трупосожжениями Пржитлуки культуры с керамикой пражского типа
(On the Issue of Some Female Adornments from a Cremation Cemetery of the Prague-type Pottery Culture in Přítluky)
- Author(s):Dagmar Jelínková
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries, History of Art
- Page Range:389-407
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Central and Eastern Europe; Early Middle Ages; Prague-type pottery culture; Přítluky cemetery; cremation graves; contacts; trapezoidal pandants; buckles; amber
- Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with some adornments from cremation graves of the Prague-type pottery culture (PTPC) in Přítluky. Written documents reveal that 3 graves yielded objects identifiable as bronze pendants. One grave contained a trapezoidal sheet-metal pendant with two rows of points at the lower edge, and fragments of another pendant, the second grave most probably contained fragments of a pendant of the same type, and the third grave yielded a part of an unspecified bronze pendant. Similar, mostly undecorated, trapezoidal pendants occurred, sometimes together with large trapezoidal pendants decorated with two rows of tiny points at their lower edge, in contexts of cultures of the Eastern European forest zone since the 5th century. Occurrence of such pendants among the finds of PTPC might represent a contribution of these cultures to emergence of new cultural units during migrations from the east to the west in the 2nd half of the 6th and in the early 7th century. The contacts in opposite west-eastern direction might be indicated by the occurrence of several Merovingian artefacts in Eastern Europe. Attention in this regard has been paid to buckles with trapezoidal shield with crosswise grooves at the base of the tongue, which occur with several cultures of the forest zone and one specimen was also found in a cremation grave of PTPC in the cemetery of Großprüfening, Bavaria.
Берестяная отделка ножен раннесредневекового меча из Яблони
Берестяная отделка ножен раннесредневекового меча из Яблони
(Birch Bark Decoration of Scabbard of an Early Medieval Sword from Yablunya)
- Author(s):Oleksii V. Komar
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:409-422
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Northern Black Sea region; Early Middle Ages; nomads; Sivashovka type grave; sword; scabbard; birch bark; decoration
- Summary/Abstract:The paper examines materials of the early medieval nomadic burial from Yablunya (grave 11, barrow 11) in the Berezan river basin (North-West Black Sea region). The grave was discovered in 1974 by the Ingul expedition led by O. G. Shaposhnikova and published later by R. S. Orlov with contradictory chronological, cultural and ethnic attribution.The fact that some fragments of scabbard and hilt made of organic materials have been preserved makes it an exceptional case. Thus, it is possible to reconstruct the outlook of weapons of ordinary nomads, to study the technology of birch bark lining, stylistic details of ornament and its links with the decoration of synchronous weapons from internments of nomadic nobility. Peculiarities of this funerary rite, as a whole, and analogies to the grave goods allow us to reconsider its attribution as an early Pecheneg site of the last quarter of the 9th century and qualify grave 11 of barrow 11 near Yablunya as Sivashovka type grave dated by the 2nd half of the 7th — early 8th centuries.
Восточные корни древневенгерской культуры X в. и средневековая археология Восточной Европы
Восточные корни древневенгерской культуры X в. и средневековая археология Восточной Европы
(The Eastern Origins of the Early Hungarian Culture in 10th Century AD and Medieval Archaeology of Eastern Europe)
- Author(s):Attila Türk
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries, Migration Studies
- Page Range:423-433
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Carpathian Basin; archaeology of the Hungarian Conquest period; 10th century; medieval archaeology; Saltov cultural-historical complex; Khazar Khaganate; Subotsci horizon
- Summary/Abstract:Archaeological research on the early history of Hungarians has gone through considerable change during the past decades; a new, critical approach has emerged. The most recent inspection of the archaeological material shows only few and rather debatable connections to the Saltovo culture; however, the only recently identified Subotsci horizon near the Dnieper demonstrates much stronger links to the early Hungarian material culture. The origins of the Subotsci horizon, as well as the origins of Hungarian conquerors, point to the Volga-South Ural region.
Об особенностях морфологии и декора «волынских серег» с тиснеными подвесками
Об особенностях морфологии и декора «волынских серег» с тиснеными подвесками
(On the Features of the Morphology and Decor of the “Volhynian Type Earrings” with Embossed Pendants)
- Author(s):Svetlana S. Ryabtseva
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries, History of Art
- Page Range:435-444
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Eastern Europe; Old Rus; jewelry decoration; Volhynian type earrings; embossing; granules
- Summary/Abstract:The “Volhynian type earrings” are typical for the full jewelry dress of the population of Eastern Europe in the 10th — the beginning of the 11th century. We put the attention for the decorations with a hollow pendant, welded from two halves, which we selected in type “A” of “Volhynian earrings”. Their production on the territory of Old Rus’ is confirmed by finds of dies from the burial of a jeweler in the Peresopnytsky cemetery in Volhynian and at the Gnezdovo settlement in the upper reaches of the Dnieper River. Outside Eastern Europe, such decorations are known from the territory of Poland, Hungary and Sweden.The studied items vary by overall dimensions, design of the rings and suspension. The rings are especially different in size and set the decorating parameters, whereas the suspension, for all its morphological differences, does not differ much in length. There are two variants for rings. The first is a smooth ring. The second one is a smooth ring, unchained in the lower part; one more element is attached to it, creating the effect of “lunula”. Rings with lunula are very characteristic for this type of jewelry. Variants with simple rings are less common, but they bring these products closer to other varieties of “Volhynian earrings”. Pendants are significantly different in proportion (there are more elongated, there are broad, squat) and decor characteristics. Judging by the sufficient variability of the pendants, there were quite a few masters with dies and skills for making these complex elitist ornaments.
Курган 5 могильника Погоща как пример элитарного погребального комплекса конца Х — начала XI в. на северо-западе Полоцкой земли
Курган 5 могильника Погоща как пример элитарного погребального комплекса конца Х — начала XI в. на северо-западе Полоцкой земли
(Barrow 5 of the Pahoshcha Cemetery as an Example of an Elite Burial Complex of the Late 10th — Early 11th Century in the Northwest of Polatsk Land)
- Author(s):Mikalai A. Plavinski
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:445-464
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Ancient Rus; Polatsk land; barrow cemetery; quasi-chamber burial; inhumation; grave goods
- Summary/Abstract:Pahoshcha barrow cemetery is located in the Braslau district of the Vitsebsk region of the Republic of Belarus. The study of the site was conducted throughout 2005—2009 by the archaeological expedition under the guidance of the author. Barrow 5 can be dated to the boundary of the 10th—11th centuries — the beginning or the first decades of the 11th century. The barrow contained two inhumation burials which were placed in some kind of wooden structure, probably made of boards. The main male burial is exceptionally rich in assortment of grave goods. Features of the burial rite make it possible to classify mound 5 to the circle of quasi-chamber burial antiquities of Ancient Rus.
Пруто-Днестровское междуречье в контексте культурно-исторических связей окружающих регионов в середине V — середине XI вв.
Пруто-Днестровское междуречье в контексте культурно-исторических связей окружающих регионов в середине V — середине XI вв.
(The Prut-Dniester Interfluve in the Context of Cultural and Historical Relations of the Surrounding Regions in the Middle of the 5th — Middle of the 11th Centuries)
- Author(s):Roman A. Rabinovich
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:465-482
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Slavs; nomads; Prague culture; Penkovka culture; Luka-Raikovetskaya culture; Old Russian culture; cultural groups of Echimăuţi-Alcedar; Petruha; Hanska
- Summary/Abstract:As a result of its unique geographical position, the Carpathian-Dniester region felt a strong impact from the cultural and historical worlds of neighboring regions in the period of 5th—11th centuries. Various peoples penetrated from neighboring regions at different times on the territory of its eastern part — in the Pruto-Dniester interfluve. Among them: Slavs, Turkic-Bulgarian peoples, Alans, Hungarians, representatives of different cultures: Luka-Raikovetskaya, Saltovo-Mayaki and Balkano-Danube. The appearance in the region of the West Slavic population had a particular importance and left antiquities of Echimăuţi-Alcedar type. The synthesis of the cultures of Echimăuţi-Alcedar and Luka-Raikovetskaya laid the basis for the formation of the Old Russian culture of the Prut-Dniester region in the 10th—11th centuries. The Ancient Russian culture of these region was not homogeneous by its origin and reflected the presence of all migration waves in the Dniester-Prut interfluve.
Слово о Суждале: гипотеза О. Н. Трубачева в свете данных археологии, истории и топонимики
Слово о Суждале: гипотеза О. Н. Трубачева в свете данных археологии, истории и топонимики
(A Word about Sujdal: a Hypothesis by O. N. Trubachev in the Light of Archeological, Historical and Toponomic Data)
- Author(s):Aleksey A. Romanchuk
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:483-494
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Ancient Rus; Suzdal; Slavs; archaeology; toponymy; history
- Summary/Abstract:O. N. Trubachev’s hypothesis is considered in the context of modern knowledge of archaeology and history, as well as in the context of toponomic landscape of the region. The author found out that the hypothesis refers to the knowingly later historical events, compared to the time of appearance of the oikonym. So, the hypothesis needs a significant modification, at least. Basing on the analysis of the toponomic context of the region, the author suggest that the appearance of the oikonym Suzdal was caused by the first wave of Slavic migration to the Volga-Klyazma region. This migration brought a toponomic model that consists of prefix Su- and final -ь to the region. The author also suggests that appearance of Suzdal as oikonym was preceded by use of Suzdal as a hydronym (the old name of the Kamenka river, presumably) or a toponym which named a larger topographical object (Suzdal high plains as a whole).
К изучению закономерностей формирования русско-кочевнического пограничья в Среднем Подонье в IX—XVII вв.
К изучению закономерностей формирования русско-кочевнического пограничья в Среднем Подонье в IX—XVII вв.
(To Study the Regularities of Formation of the Russian-Nomadic Frontier in the Middle Don Region in the 9th —17th Centuries)
- Author(s):Mikhail V. Tcybin
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, Modern Age, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, 17th Century, Migration Studies
- Page Range:495-503
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Middle Don region; Middle Ages; Russian-nomadic frontier; Slavic-Russian population; Saltovo-Mayaki culture; Kipchaks; Golden Horde
- Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to revealing regularities of formation of the Russian-nomadic frontier in the Middle Don region based on the analysis of the geographical location of the archaeological sites of the 9th—17th cc. The sites of Slavic Borshevskaya culture (the end of the I Millennium AD) are located in the lower reaches of the Voronezh river and on the right Bank of the Middle Don (Central Russian upland). The sites of the Saltov culture are located on the right bank of the Middle Don, to the North of the Tikhaya Sosna river. The left bank of the Middle Don (the Oka-Don plain, Kalacska hill) was not an area of active colonization by the bearers of the Borshevskaya and Saltov cultures.In 12th — first half 13th centurie, the Russian population is documented in the lower reaches of the Voronezh river, Semiluki area reaches of the Don. Polovtsian nomads used to camp on the right bank of the Middle Don and do not spread beyond the South of the Tikhaya Sosna river and on the left bank of the Middle Don to the Bityug river.In the Golden Horde period, the Russian population colonized the left bank of the Middle Don. There is archaeological evidence of the coexistence of different ethnic groups. Nomadic sites do not extend to the North of the Tikhaya Sosna river, on the right bank of the Don river, and the mouth of the Voronezh river, on the left bank.Belgorod defensive line reproduces the line formed by the fortified settlements of Slavic Borshevskaya cultures on the rivers Don and Voronezh, and fortified settlements of the Saltov-Mayaki culture on the Tikhaya Sosna river. The left bank of the Middle Don in the 17th century, just like in the time before that, was still the region of the original colonization by the Russian population.