Proceedings of the 15th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 15th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Contributor(s): Nadir Ali Kolachi (Editor), Nicoleta-Elena Heghes (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Higher Education , Criminology, Economic development, Accounting - Business Administration, Human Resources in Economy, EU-Legislation
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: social sciences; humanities; economics and business; education – technology; law; political sciences;
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 15th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held at Johns Hopkins University, in Montgomery County Campus, Rockville, MD, on November 6-7, 2019. The Conference was organized by Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-25-7
- Page Count: 317
- Publication Year: 2019
- Language: English
On the Political Economy of the European Union
On the Political Economy of the European Union
(On the Political Economy of the European Union)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder, Martin Gelter
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic history, Economic development, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:1-9
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:AI; Bicameral parliament; Big data; Electoral; European Union; political economy;
- Summary/Abstract:Political economy concerns historical, legal and heterodox economics analysis of complex systems. This article attempts to analyze the current state of the European Union from historical, legal and interdisciplinary economics perspectives. Historically, the ancient Athenian democracy, the Holy Roman Empire and the early formation of the United States serve as examples of early innovative legal constructs of their times that were sui generis and share key features with the current European Union. Regarding legal developments, this paper discusses the bicameral parliamentary structure, electoral processes and populist pressures. The future of the European Union economy is likely to see an AI (r)evolution shaping markets and rising big data revenues. This develop necessitates the creation of a fifth fundamental freedom of data transfer within the European Union, as well as taxation of growth generated by big data. Heterodox economic growth theories will increasingly have to account for this growth.
Factors Affecting Executive Compensation
Factors Affecting Executive Compensation
(Factors Affecting Executive Compensation)
- Author(s):Ivana Marinović Matović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management
- Page Range:10-17
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:executive compensation; executive compensation components, executive compensation factors; salary; incentives;
- Summary/Abstract:Executive managers represent the smallest percentage of employees in a business organization, but also the most important. An ideal executive compensation strategy ensures retaining and attracting the best talents, while minimizing the fluctuations. Executive compensation consists of basic pay, short and long-term incentives, benefits and perquisites. Since the 1970s, executive compensation started and continued to grow exponentially. The compensation ratio between executive manager and average employee has increased year by year. For these reasons, special attention of the scientific and general public is paid to the executive compensation, and to the factors affecting its level and structure. The paper provides an overview of factors that may influence the executive compensation, while seeking to determine the executive compensation strategy design, that supports the long-term business objectives. The paper analyzes the effect of organizational size, growth opportunities and risk, ownership and capital structure, as well as manager age, on the level and structure of executive compensation.
Detecting Earnings Management. An analysis of Credit Institutions’ (Banks) trading in Hungary
Detecting Earnings Management. An analysis of Credit Institutions’ (Banks) trading in Hungary
(Detecting Earnings Management. An analysis of Credit Institutions’ (Banks) trading in Hungary)
- Author(s):Endre Beretka
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Public Finances
- Page Range:18-31
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Earnings Management; Credit Institutions; Distributional Test; Ratios;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper examines evidence of Earnings Management (EM) in annual financial reports of foreign and domestic credit institutions’ trading in Hungary, an ex-communist country and a Central European economy, by applying an alternative approach, the Distribution of the Ratios method. Analyses were performed with 14 banking specific ratios for the period of 1999-2015, by applying Burgstahler and Dichev (1997), Degeorge et al. (1991) models, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Monte-Carlo, Benchmark and Distributional tests. Primary findings confirm that (a) the Distribution of the Ratios method demonstrates that apart from significant evidence of EM presence, managers do not always manipulate the same variables, or one area of the financial statements, but at their discretion, choose different areas to engage EM and in different periods, and(b) Credit Institutions engaged in EM in the period Prior to and After the 2008 financial crisis. Additional Benchmark Analysis results present weak evidence of EM and should be read with caution; however, Benchmark comparison should not be excluded from research.
Narrating in Difficult Times Introduction to a Dual-Self Model
Narrating in Difficult Times Introduction to a Dual-Self Model
(Narrating in Difficult Times Introduction to a Dual-Self Model)
- Author(s):Le Thao Chi Vu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:32-39
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:narratives; narrating self, experiencing self; living with the problem; intention;
- Summary/Abstract:In times of difficulty, people rely on their narrating self, not only to release what they are going through but, more importantly, to express an intention of how they want to live given the presence of a particular problem, thereby living accordingly upon that intention. The Narrating Self is not the problem solver. Instead, it is the living supporter.
Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership
Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership
(Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership)
- Author(s):Djilali Benabou, Soumia Tabeti, Faycal Mokhtari
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Management and complex organizations
- Page Range:40-47
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:(EI; Effective Leadership (EL); Emotional Quotient; Leadership Behaviour Inventory (LBI); Algerian ENIE Company;
- Summary/Abstract:Currently, with the profound managerial changes that companies are experiencing, the leader plays a major role in the effectiveness of the organization. This explains why many recent researches are interested in the factors influencing leadership effectiveness. As such, emotional intelligence (IE) is considered us an important element in the development of the company's creative capabilities and explains the Effective Leadership (EL). This proposal is concerned with the case of the ENIE company, which is the Algerian largest electronic company. Our questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of 112 managers exercising supervisory functions. The results demonstrate that emotional intelligence has a significant and positive effect on effective leadership.
How do Migrants Turn Out to Be Extremists? Theoretical Models for a Sociological Analysis of Inclusion and Social Exclusion of Transnational Migrants in Everyday Life
How do Migrants Turn Out to Be Extremists? Theoretical Models for a Sociological Analysis of Inclusion and Social Exclusion of Transnational Migrants in Everyday Life
(How do Migrants Turn Out to Be Extremists? Theoretical Models for a Sociological Analysis of Inclusion and Social Exclusion of Transnational Migrants in Everyday Life)
- Author(s):Andrey V. Rezaev, Pavel P. Lisitsyn, Alexander M. Stepanov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Evaluation research, Migration Studies
- Page Range:48-51
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:transnational migrants; extremism; everyday life; social inclusion and social exclusion of migrants;
- Summary/Abstract:How do Migrants Turn Out to Be Extremists? Theoretical Models for a Sociological Analysis of Inclusion and Social Exclusion of Transnational Migrants in Everyday LifeCurrent publications in professional literature often discuss terrorism and extremism in the system of coordinates developed by jurisprudence where the different phenomena are eclectically combined and grouped for analytical purposes. Charles Tilly in his works insisted that the terms terror, terrorism, and terrorist do not identify causally coherent and distinct social phenomena but rather strategies that recur across a wide variety of actors and political situations. This paper tries to depict basic theoretical models and methodological framework for doing field sociological inquiry on the hottest issue in current migration studies which is how the reality of social exclusion in everyday life turns immigrants to the practices of ideological extremism.
Garden Therapy: The Health-Enabling Capacities of Nature Contact
Garden Therapy: The Health-Enabling Capacities of Nature Contact
(Garden Therapy: The Health-Enabling Capacities of Nature Contact)
- Author(s):Iva Pires, Dana Křivánková, Jana Dvořáčková
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social development, Rural and urban sociology
- Page Range:52-57
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:garden therapy; green care; reconnecting with nature; well-being;
- Summary/Abstract:We live in a world where new information and knowledge technologies and increased mobility simplify everyday life. However, at the same time, contact with the natural environment is shrinking. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas with high population densities and, in many cases, with a little or no access to the quality green spaces. One of the consequences is that there is an increasing disconnection from nature and its sensory stimuli while the noise, air and visual pollution negatively affects the health and reduces the quality of life in urban areas. The "healing" capacity of nature is being increasingly discussed as well as the need of reconnection with it and its therapeutic, spiritual and psychological benefits. The garden therapy defined as a treatment and relaxation through contact with nature is attracting more and more attention, both, from academic field as well as from practitioners of different areas. Among others, a social care and health care, particularly in the case of the children with autism, hyperactivity, with lack of relational capital, psychiatrists (in the case of dementia) but also an architectural landscaping (Which characteristics must the gardens have to fulfill these benefits?). An interdisciplinary approach is needed in order to discuss concepts, benefits, potentialities and ways to implement these therapies. We will be presenting the results of a research project - With Nature to Mutual Understanding - developed by a consortium of seven European countries, on the potentialities of garden therapies to develop communication, social and entrepreneurial skills of the target groups (e.g. minorities, people with learning disabilities and physical and mental health problems, migrants and refugees).
Media Consumption Trends: Comparing Millennials and Generation Z
Media Consumption Trends: Comparing Millennials and Generation Z
(Media Consumption Trends: Comparing Millennials and Generation Z)
- Author(s):Hadiza Wada
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Social development
- Page Range:58-65
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:new media; generation Z and millennials; media gratification;
- Summary/Abstract:This study compared and analyzed the preferences and practices of two generations of news and information seekers. The two generations are the millennials born between 1980 to 1999 (now 20-39 years old) and generation Z, born at the turn of the century 2000-date (19 years and below). With the proliferation of misinformation, disinformation and fake news overshadowing professional media, the purpose is to identify consumption trends across these two generations as well as learning whether these generation of future leaders and decision makers are equipping themselves with reliable information from professional media sources in order to build a sound knowledge base. The respondents’ media preference and use was therefore studied. Survey method was employed, to gather the necessary data retrieved from 300 questionnaires distributed. The results show the older generation, millennials, exhibit more confidence in their sources (Radio and Television being most popular) at 42% and only 9% getting some information off social media, versus generation Z with highest percentage using internet as news source at 54%, and 23.5% using social media. The study revealed an obvious trend among the generation Z for increasing use of new media and social media as news sources, even as they revealed that they cannot guarantee their sources’ reliability.
The Stockholm Syndrome Psychosocial Varieties and Interdisciplinary Implications
The Stockholm Syndrome Psychosocial Varieties and Interdisciplinary Implications
(The Stockholm Syndrome Psychosocial Varieties and Interdisciplinary Implications)
- Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes, Cristina-Gabriela Schiopu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Behaviorism, Victimology
- Page Range:66-71
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:abuse; behaviour; psychiatry; Stockholm; victimology;
- Summary/Abstract:In august 1973, after the siege and the hostage situation in the Stockholm Sveriges Bank, caused by Jan-Erik Olsson, the entire psychiatric and psychological knowledges in the matter of victimology and posttraumatic stress disorder reached an unexpected level. After 6 days of siege, all the victims declared sympathy, emotional debt and gratitude, even infatuation towards the captor in contrast to hostility and fear towards the authorities. There are many hypotheses on this type of behavior; some believe that the syndrome is a temporary subconscious survival mechanism while other classify it as a mental disorder with pathological base that emerges in cases of psychological trauma. Since 1973, the symptoms of Stockholm syndrome have been recognized in other non-acute, abusive situations such as victims of domestic violence or child abuse with aspects of intergenerational transmission of violent behavior and heavy implications regarding the development of criminal behavior, potential therapy and social reinstatement of the victims. This paper will analyze the varieties of symptoms, the medical management, the characterization of both the victims and the offenders, highlighting the psycho-social foundation of this behavior, the interdisciplinary aspects and heavy implications of these situations, especially in secular, religious and patriarchic communities such as East European countries.
Importance of Critical Thinking in Solving Society’s Problems
Importance of Critical Thinking in Solving Society’s Problems
(Importance of Critical Thinking in Solving Society’s Problems)
- Author(s):Abdulrahman Alshahrani
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Adult Education
- Page Range:72-76
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:critical thinking; intellectualism; The Bell, society; morality;
- Summary/Abstract:Critical thinking is essential in making a sound judgment and addressing concerns in real life. The importance of this seemingly small sphere hinges on its philosophical aspects and ability to blend one's common sense with reason, intellectual empathy, perseverance, and knowledge. From this perspective, my paper demonstrates how critical thinking can be practically used to solve society's issues. It articulates the best way of changing people's perception of this broad discipline. By examining relevant articles, specifically, The Bell by Iris Murdoch, I demonstrate how society can gain a precise sense of reality. Also, I delve on how people can solve their problems without assumptions and clouded misgivings. Fictitious characters are vastly used to illustrate how critical thinkers can design appropriate solutions to overcome society's competitive scenarios through situational analysis and evaluation of the environment. I review Murdoch's symbolism to explain the benefits of using critical thinking in any contemporary society. The article constructs a practical narrative that moral vision is equally or, arguably, more important in any problem-solving or decision-making process. Further, it focuses on the necessary critical thinking steps that can ensure independent thinking without emotional distractions. The steps are essential in guaranteeing that communities make the single best solution to each of their problems. The study relies on the connection between philosophy and fiction to create valid arguments and explore how society can embrace courage, intellectualism, and unbiased judgment to solve most, if not all, of its inherent problems.
Role of Indigenous Women in Securing Sustainable Livelihoods in Western Himalayan Region, India
Role of Indigenous Women in Securing Sustainable Livelihoods in Western Himalayan Region, India
(Role of Indigenous Women in Securing Sustainable Livelihoods in Western Himalayan Region, India)
- Author(s):Jaimini Luharia, Haresh Sharma
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic development, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:77-82
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Forest Conservation; Indigenous women; Sustainable Livelihoods, Sustainable Development; Poverty Alleviation; Western Himalayas;
- Summary/Abstract:The ecology in the Western Himalayan region transforms with the change in altitude. The current study focuses on women of indigenous communities of Pangi Valley which is located in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. The valley is bifurcated into three different areas – Saichu, Hudan Bhatori, and Sural Bhatori valleys, and the altitude of the valley ranges from 2,000 m to 6,000 m above sea level. The Pangi valley is inhabited by ‘Pangwals’ and ‘Bhots’ tribes of the Himalayas who speak their local tribal language called’ Pangwali’. Due to the difficult geographical location, the daily lives of these people are constantly challenged and they are most of the time-deprived of benefits targeted through government programs. However, the indigenous communities earn their livelihood through livestock and forest-based produce while some of them migrate to nearby places for better work. The current study involves snowball sampling methodology for data collection along with in-depth interviews of women members of Self-Help Groups and women farmers. The findings reveal that the lives of these indigenous communities largely depend on forest-based products. So, it creates all the more significance of enhancing, maintaining and consuming natural resources sustainably. Under such circumstances, the women of the community play a significant role of guardians in the conservation and protection of the forests. They are into cultivation of products like ‘Hazelnut’, ‘Gucchi’ rare quality mushroom, medicinal plants exclusively found in the region thereby promoting long term sustainable conservation of agro-biodiversity of the Western Himalayan region (Sharma, 2019).
“Nano-Killers”. Aluminium Toxicity in the Human Body
“Nano-Killers”. Aluminium Toxicity in the Human Body
(“Nano-Killers”. Aluminium Toxicity in the Human Body)
- Author(s):Georgiana Mardare (Balusescu), Oana Horhogea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:83-90
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:aluminum; emotional disorder; heavy metals; intoxication; suicide;
- Summary/Abstract:In order to be in a permanent equilibrium, the human body needs small quantities of heavy metals. When heavy metals from water, air or ingested food exceed normal concentrations, they can be a real danger to the health of the individual, causing health disorders that can culminate in the death of the person. But what can happen when these small amounts of heavy metals are introduced into the body, constantly, at short intervals? If in the bone, aluminum replaces calcium in the mineralization process, can we consider that the body can gradually adapt and accept a higher concentration of heavy metals without completely attacking and destroying any organ? Can heavy metals become "invisible enemies", difficult to detect, due to events similar to other diseases? Can, also, all these reactions of the body to intoxicating, against a background of emotional disturbance, to push the subject to suicide?
Teaching Children of Color
Teaching Children of Color
(Teaching Children of Color)
- Author(s):Delia Robinson Richards
- Language:English
- Subject(s):School education, Educational Psychology, Social development
- Page Range:91-97
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Cultural sensitivity; Diverse learners; Multiple Intelligence Theory, “All About Me” Profile; English Language Learners (ELL);
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this presentation is to discuss teaching and learning strategies that will generate encouragement and support with cultural sensitivity for diverse learners. Three Key Learning Objectives: (1) Recognize and identify the different learning styles of diverse learners, (2) Develop and support differentiation instruction to meet the needs of diverse Learners, (3) Construct and summarize effective teacher characteristics to engage diverse learners in reaching their maximum potential. This presentation will be information for early childhood educators to locate information on challenges that they can encounter and solutions to solve these challenges. The presenter will discuss how the following components are relevant for teaching children of color and how relevant these components are to building positive self-esteem in children of color. These are (1) the teacher’s attitude, (2) the learning style of the students in the classroom, (3) the parent/family’s role in the education of the student, (4) exploring the student’s cultural background and (5) resources that are available. The components will be critical in helping each student reach their maximum potential. This paper will demonstrate how to meet the needs of the diverse learners by empowering teachers, families, and students. The information will service all educators, including novice and tenure teachers, families, and administrators. Educators can use the information as a referral guide that will demonstrate respect and appreciation for the diverse learners.
The Role of Dubai Government in Supporting Responsible and Sustainable Practices of the Private Sector: A Case Study on the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry
The Role of Dubai Government in Supporting Responsible and Sustainable Practices of the Private Sector: A Case Study on the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry
(The Role of Dubai Government in Supporting Responsible and Sustainable Practices of the Private Sector: A Case Study on the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry)
- Author(s):Shaymaa El-Said Salem
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development
- Page Range:98-110
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:corporate citizenship; corporate social responsibility; Dubai government; sustainable development;
- Summary/Abstract:The increasing profile of CSR as a concept in government action linked to the challenges of globalization and economic change in the late 20th century, such as corporate citizenship, and the interrelationships between trade, investment, and sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of how governments support the practices of social responsibility, by identifying the roles adopted by Dubai government to support and promote the responsible and sustainable business practices in Dubai, via case study approach on Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The study also aims to monitor and analyze Dubai Chamber’s efforts and policies in this regard, in order to draw lessons learned and to make suggestions that can used to improve the performance of governments and to create pioneering experiments in this area. For data collection of this study, the researcher used a qualitative analysis and case study approach, based on in-depth interviews with those responsible for the Center of Responsible Business (CRB) at Dubai Chamber. The main findings of the case study demonstrate that Dubai Chamber promotes CSR as an opportunity and competitive advantage for business, as it adopts win-win relationship "mutual benefit" with the private sector. It plays different and integral roles (awareness role, regulatory role, legislative role, and endorsing role) to entrench the principle of corporate citizenship and to support businesses to work in a responsible and sustainable manner.
Ethical Leadership and Work Engagement of Mobile Telecommunication Firms in Port Harcourt
Ethical Leadership and Work Engagement of Mobile Telecommunication Firms in Port Harcourt
(Ethical Leadership and Work Engagement of Mobile Telecommunication Firms in Port Harcourt)
- Author(s):Justin M.O. Gabriel, Linda Otonye Gabriel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development
- Page Range:111-130
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:ethical; leadership; employee; engagement; mobile; telecommunication;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper empirically examined the association of ethical leadership and work engagement of Mobile Telecommunication Firms in Port Harcourt. From a population of six hundred employees, a sample size of two hundred and forty was drawn based on which questionnaire were distributed and retrieved. The demographic and univariate data were presented with descriptive statistics and hypotheses were tested using the t-test and multiple regression analysis. The result showed a positive relationship between dimensions of ethical leadership and measures of work engagement. The study concluded that ethical leadership is not only good for the leaders’ reputation, but is also a contagious practice that is capable of stimulating positive workplace value and practices among workers. The study however recommended among others that: (1) leaders should endeavor to treat their followers with fairness and justice (2) leaders should be responsible enough to recognize that their actions or inactions have effect for the future of the organization and that (3) leaders should carry themselves in a transparent manner as against having their actions shrouded in secrecy
When Jungle Order Rocks the Boat of Legal Order: Inevitability of State Stability for the Peace and Security of Mankind in Africa
When Jungle Order Rocks the Boat of Legal Order: Inevitability of State Stability for the Peace and Security of Mankind in Africa
(When Jungle Order Rocks the Boat of Legal Order: Inevitability of State Stability for the Peace and Security of Mankind in Africa)
- Author(s):Simeon A. Igbinedion
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Developing nations
- Page Range:131-137
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:legal order; jungle order; law and order; peace and security; freedom and liberty;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper discusses the disorder that characterizes the legal order of the modern state in parts of Africa. The capacity to maintain law and order and to exercise monopoly over means of coercion constitutes some of the raison d’etre of the Westphalian state model that pervades every nook and cranny of the continent. However, the inability of the state to meet the existential exigencies of its citizens and, ipso facto, its consequent loss of legitimacy, has generated a groundswell of discontent that has triggered the emergence of centrifugal forces – non-state actors – variously described as rebels, insurrectionists, insurgents, armed bandits, separatist agitators, terrorists, amongst others. But although these forces initially set out as viable alternatives to the state, they soon lose track and threaten not only the peace and security of the state but also of everyone else including their compatriots and neighbouring or contiguous states. Amidst the incapacity of the state to reclaim its lost power or glory, these non-state actors create a jungle order that harks back at Thomas Hobbes’ state of nature where life is short, nasty and brutish. Such has become the lot of so many states in Africa. From Nigeria to Central African Republic through the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Somalia, the narrative is similar. This paper examines the background and the foreground of the failure of the legal orders of the state, the disaster that armed non-state actors have become for their compatriots and territorial neighbours and the reluctance of the international community to effectively respond to restore order. Finally, the paper suggests some ways in which the legal order of the state can be rejuvenated in such a way as to be able to meet contemporary needs of law and order on the one hand and freedom and liberty on the other.
Trends in the Use of Information Technology in Maritime Transportation
Trends in the Use of Information Technology in Maritime Transportation
(Trends in the Use of Information Technology in Maritime Transportation)
- Author(s):Erdem Muhammed Said
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic development, Maritime Law
- Page Range:138-142
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:global trade; maritime services; maritime transport; ships; world economy;
- Summary/Abstract:We set out to discuss in this paper about maritime transportation. It is known that more than 90% of global trade is supported at sea. In the last century, the shipping industry recorded an increase in total trade. The growth of industrialization and the liberalization of the national economies have favored free trade and increased demand for consumer products. The development of technologies has caused maritime transport to evolve efficiently and become a prompt method of transport. A look at the international maritime transport system presents a system consisting of three components, namely: the maritime transport system (freight and passengers), auxiliary maritime services (any activity related to cargo handling in ports and ships) and port services (activities related only to management ship in ports). Maritime transport and is an integral, sometimes less visible, part of the world economy.
Institutionalized Corruption and National Development Crisis in Nigeria
Institutionalized Corruption and National Development Crisis in Nigeria
(Institutionalized Corruption and National Development Crisis in Nigeria)
- Author(s):Kingsley Nnorom
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic development, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
- Page Range:143-149
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:institution; corruption; national development; crisis;
- Summary/Abstract:Globally, corruption has become one of the major threats to development especially in developing societies that lack strong institutions capable of preventing or inhibiting the manifestations of corrupt acts. In Nigeria, corruption has been deeply rooted in virtually all spheres of national life. More worrisome is the degree of rot in many institutions saddled with the duty of combating corruption in Nigeria. The paper argues that the endemic corruption ravaging state institutions in Nigeria is a major threat to national development. We extracted some of the basic propositions of the elite theory as the theoretical guide while utilizing documentary method of data gathering. Its analytical rigour is anchored on qualitative descriptive analysis. It concludes that the elites who manage major state institutions and seem to shoulder the responsibility of anti-corruption fight have remained the major perpetrators of corruption in Nigeria. Hence, ending corruption becomes undeniably not feasible. The paper therefore recommends a paradigm change from the hitherto elitist driven corruption eradication programmes and agencies to more radically independent corrupt institutions that will be capable of penalising all involved in corrupt practices without fear or favour.
The Impact of ‘Banks Specific Regulations” on Determinants of Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Ghana - A PMG ARDL Approach
The Impact of ‘Banks Specific Regulations” on Determinants of Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Ghana - A PMG ARDL Approach
(The Impact of ‘Banks Specific Regulations” on Determinants of Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Ghana - A PMG ARDL Approach)
- Author(s):Isaac Okyere Paintsil, Zhao Xi Cang, Emmanuel Kwaku Manu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
- Page Range:150-164
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:bank-specific regulations; credit risk; foreign exchange rate; interest rate;
- Summary/Abstract:The world financial cataclysms bring tremendous monetary flaws in the financial framework for the entire world. In many countries, the situation in the financial division turned out to be severe to the point that the legislature was forced to begin to expand the bundle to maintain the financial segment. In this study, a PANEL approach was use to assess the impact of bank specific regulation (BSR) on financial performance (FP) of bank in Ghana for the period of 10 years. In this examination, the association is divided between financial performance (FP) and BSR (the interest rate (IR), foreign exchange rate (FER) and credit risk (CR)) between banks in Ghana. To begin with, the direction of stationary factor was affirmed. A panel test by Pedroni and Kao is used to achieve the long-term relationship between the factors in the model, in which FP is endogenous variable and BSR is exogenous. Also, the test of causation was built by (Granger, 1969) to direct whether a causal relationship exists among the factors. The examination showed long-term relationship depending by the Granger causal relationship which shows a bi-directional, Uni-directional connection in the middle of a factor.
Forensic Identification of Persons by External Signals
Forensic Identification of Persons by External Signals
(Forensic Identification of Persons by External Signals)
- Author(s):Ovidiu Andrei Hamburda
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology
- Page Range:165-169
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:anatomic; criminal; face; individualization; malformation; missing; signals;
- Summary/Abstract:Since ancient times, it has been necessary to differentiate one people from another, using for this purpose elements of individualization such as the external appearance of the face, corpulence, the existence of congenital or accidental malformations, of certain habits. The distinctions between the external aspects of the persons were used with the passage of time and by the state legal bodies, in order to identify the criminals. Among the fundamental concerns of the judicial bodies were those regarding the identification of persons based on the external characteristics specific to each individual, and on the other hand, the creation of a system of records and registration of persons who contravene the legal norms. Based on the generalized practice of the judicial bodies, it was concluded that the main elements that can underpin the identification of missing persons, after signals, are given by the differences between the anatomical and functional properties of each individual.
Tele-Working in European Legislation and the Romanian Law System
Tele-Working in European Legislation and the Romanian Law System
(Tele-Working in European Legislation and the Romanian Law System)
- Author(s):Agata Mihaela Popescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Labor relations, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:170-173
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:labor legislation; labor relations; tele-work; tele-employees;
- Summary/Abstract:At the present, labor legislation is at a crossroads, the changes at both national and European level have shown that a radical change of vision on working relations is necessary. One of the most recent legislative changes is the regulation of a new type of special contract – tele-working. In support of the flexibility of the labor relations and their modernization. Romanian legislation has adapted to these requirements, by adopting the Law no. 81/2018 on regulation of teleworking activity, in force since April 5, 2018. The scope of the Law is undefined, while the text of Art. 1 par. (2) regulates that “This law shall apply in the fields of activity where it is possible to carry out tele-work activity”. In other words, without specifying who is the addressees of the law, it concerns a category of employees who are connected to the realities of communication technology in a broad sense, to the latest news of the field in which they work and, in general, to the daily universe through the Internet, social networking and mobile applications. In other words, the recipients are the workers involved in the information society through its use and development, and not every worker holding a terminal that can connect to information and communication technology, since it is a “tele-employee” only the one who is willing to use the equipment needed to deliver the result of his work in an employment relationship, of course in agreement with the employer.
Contributory Factors to Internet Crimes in Nigeria – A Survey
Contributory Factors to Internet Crimes in Nigeria – A Survey
(Contributory Factors to Internet Crimes in Nigeria – A Survey)
- Author(s):Gbenga T. Omoniyi, Shahrudin Awang Nor, Nor Iadah Yusop
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Security and defense
- Page Range:174-182
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:social factors; internet crimes; cyber-crimes; security; questionnaire; Nigeria;
- Summary/Abstract:Internet crimes, also known as Cyber-crimes are act punishable by law. Nigeria government, in order to curb excessiveness of Internet crimes enacted different regulatory and prohibitory laws in support of views of some theorists who claimed that social factors increase users’ vulnerability to computer and Internet attacks. Social factors such as security policy severity, security policy certainty, attitude and attachment have little or no significant relationship with the level of Internet crimes in Nigeria; involvement as a social factor has the strongest significant relationship with the level of Internet crimes in Nigeria; this is followed by commitment, belief and knowledge. Internet users can be tricked, conned and sometimes forcefully compelled to compromise and breach security metrics; security metrics are easily breached if users do not understand or employ security mechanism. Presented in this paper is the survey of the contributory factors to Internet crimes in Nigeria. Data used were gathered by questionnaire.
Horizontal Inequality in Urban India: A Human Development Perspective
Horizontal Inequality in Urban India: A Human Development Perspective
(Horizontal Inequality in Urban India: A Human Development Perspective)
- Author(s):Paramjeet Chawla
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social development, Social differentiation
- Page Range:183-194
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Horizontal Inequality; social groups; human development; capabilities approach; urban;
- Summary/Abstract:In the current global scenario, India stands at the 130th position in the human development ranking for 2018, wherein the major challenge highlighted is that 26% of this human development remains lost due to inequality (UNDP 2018). Even though the notion of ‘vertical’ inequality remains a pertinent issue across the globe, the issue of inequality across social groups in India, arising from a historical discrimination and segregation, continues to remain a deep-seated worry for India’s overall development. The level of well-being of the individuals remains directly linked to the groups’ standard of living. The statements mentioned are also supported by evidence on social group inequalities, wherein the India Exclusion Report 2014-15 states that 59% of the Dalits are employed as labourers in Rural India, 46.5% of the Adivasis are falling in the same category, as against the overall rural population in which only 40% of the individuals are labourers. It is also important to note that, urban inequality remains the major driver for rising inequality in India, thereby requiring an in-depth understanding of inequality (India Inequality Report 2018). This paper focuses on understanding horizontal inequalities across the major social groups in India, Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and the unreserved/ general category in the urban spaces for India. The evidence for horizontal inequalities is scattered, and there remains a lack of quantification and consolidation of evidence for inequalities across social groups. This paper aims to measure horizontal inequalities with a human development perspective, for urban spaces in India utilizing the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) (Round 2), and therefore create actionable evidence for matters of gaps and linkages that remain in the capability’s achievement for all the social groups in India.
Particularities of an Effective Playground – Related Accident Investigation
Particularities of an Effective Playground – Related Accident Investigation
(Particularities of an Effective Playground – Related Accident Investigation)
- Author(s):Alexandra Ioana Curcă
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
- Page Range:195-199
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:accident;child – environment pedagogical interaction; culpability; investigation; playground;
- Summary/Abstract:Establishing the circumstances of an accident is essential in determining the elements that provide an adequate analysis of legal classification as well as in identifying any criminal liability and form of guilt. Therefore a conclusion regarding culpability should be based on whether the material evidence can accurately indicate the circumstances of the accident, especially when all measures regarding the safety of the play environment and the conformity of the equipment’s have been complied with.
Theoretical and Practical Provocations of the New Romanian Personal Insolvency Proceedings
Theoretical and Practical Provocations of the New Romanian Personal Insolvency Proceedings
(Theoretical and Practical Provocations of the New Romanian Personal Insolvency Proceedings)
- Author(s):Bogdan Radu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):National Economy, Constitutional Law
- Page Range:200-207
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:consumer protection; debt; Insolvency;
- Summary/Abstract:The legal framework that acknowledges personal insolvency in Romania has finally been adopted on 18 June 2015, after more than 25 years of hardships for the consumers, and only took effect, after many delays, on 1 January 2018. This paper aims to present what is meant to be a procedure that protects the consumers that contracted obligations and by no means of their fault are not able to cover their debts. Furthermore, of great importance is the analysis of the particularities of the Romanian procedure by comparing to similar procedures of other jurisdictions.
International Events and Grand Strategy Adjustment after the Cold War: Examining Chinese Grand Strategy Using a Neoclassical Realist Model
International Events and Grand Strategy Adjustment after the Cold War: Examining Chinese Grand Strategy Using a Neoclassical Realist Model
(International Events and Grand Strategy Adjustment after the Cold War: Examining Chinese Grand Strategy Using a Neoclassical Realist Model)
- Author(s):Leo S. F. Lin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Governance, Government/Political systems, Politics and Identity
- Page Range:208-215
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Chinese grand strategy; neoclassical realism; foreign policy;
- Summary/Abstract:There is a two-fold purpose of this paper. First, the author attempts to test whether the Type III of the neoclassical realism model developed by Ripsman et al. (2016) has better explanatory power on China’s grand strategy adjustment after the Cold War era than other models. Second, the author examines how international events have impacted Chinese grand strategy adjustment in the everchanging systematic dynamics. The author argues that Type III of the neoclassical realism model provides a suitable model to explain a state’s grand strategy adjustment, as this model can explain medium to longer-term dependent variables. According to the model, unit-level factors, such as leader images and strategic culture, have impacted the grand strategy decision-making and its foreign policy implementation, which resulted in the grand strategy adjustment over a long period. In terms of the case study, the author succinctly traces and examines how international events have impacted China’s grand strategy, such as the dissolution of Soviet Union (1989), 9/11 terrorist attacks (2001), and the Global financial crisis (2008). This paper contributes to the study of Chinese grand strategy.
Development of Water Infrastructure in Cambodia
Development of Water Infrastructure in Cambodia
(Development of Water Infrastructure in Cambodia)
- Author(s):Jungho Chang
- Language:English
- Subject(s):National Economy, Economic development
- Page Range:216-222
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Cambodia; clean water; infrastructure; allocation of economic resources;
- Summary/Abstract:Cambodia is currently ranked sixth in the world in GDP growth. The growth has been assisted by three factors: economic aid received from other countries, contributions from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and internal reform. Despite these advances, Cambodia continues to be hampered by the long-lasting damage caused by twentieth-century events: the bombing by the United States during the Vietnam War, the genocide under the Khmer Rouge, and the take-over of the country by the Vietnamese. Cambodia in the 1990s was suffering not only significant loss of basic infrastructure, but also a shortage of human talent due to the systematic destruction of its intellectual class. This paper focuses on deficiencies in one aspect of infrastructure: the lack of systems to deliver clean, sanitary water to the country's urban and rural areas. Clean water is necessary for the health of the citizens as well as industrial development. Water-borne disease adversely affects the well-being and productivity of workers; clean water is also essential for most industrial processes. The problem is especially acute in rural areas, where water is necessary for agriculture. Developing clean water systems requires expertise as well as money to locate, filter, and transport water. This paper will propose concrete steps Cambodia should take to improve its sanitary water infrastructure.
Some Aspects of the Right to a Fair Trial from the Perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights
Some Aspects of the Right to a Fair Trial from the Perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights
(Some Aspects of the Right to a Fair Trial from the Perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights)
- Author(s):Silviu-Ștefan Petriman
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:223-226
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:democracy; equality of arms; free access to justice, fundamental principle; justiciable; rule of law; the right to a fair trial;
- Summary/Abstract:The European Convention through Article 6 establishes a fundamental principle for a democratic society and a rule of law. The right to a fair trial is applicable both in civil matters and in criminal matters, where the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the justiciable must be guaranteed. This right must be respected by all the judicial bodies, because by violating it or ignoring it, serious damages can be brought about the person's freedom, access to justice, equality of arms, the right not to incriminate s.a.m.d. Precisely for its importance, the right to a fair trial is considered as a pillar of support for the democratic state. In Romanian domestic law the right to a fair trial can be found in the Romanian Constitution art. 21 paragraph (3), the Code of civil procedure in art. 6, the Criminal Procedure Code art. 8, as well as in art. 6 of Law no 304/2004 on judicial organization. The right to a fair trial should not and cannot remain only at the theoretical level, but it must receive effective applicability in practice, otherwise it will remain an illusory right. But in order to be used in practice he must be well known and promoted at the same time, in order not to allow his violation.
Identification of Missing Children in Suspicious Circumstances
Identification of Missing Children in Suspicious Circumstances
(Identification of Missing Children in Suspicious Circumstances)
- Author(s):Lucia Cerasela Balan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology
- Page Range:227-230
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:disappearance; forensics; identification; minors; photography;
- Summary/Abstract:In most cases, the authorities face cases in which the parents are desperate for the disappearance of the minor children, with the paid pedophiles, with the traffickers, with the pimp, which to some extent infringes on the fundamental rights and freedoms of the minors. The number of juveniles declared missing is increasing every year, most of them being located or returning home, but there are also cases in which minors are never found or identified as victims of crimes. Taking into account the deep pain and suffering of the parents of the missing children, who often do not know their fate for years, the authorities make every effort to speed up investigations and locate the missing children. When a juvenile is declared missing, it is essential for the investigator to know his or her signals and to have all relevant information referring to the person of the minor. If the disappearance of the child was reported many years ago, the original photograph loses its usefulness, because the minor progressively changes its appearance as time goes by. In cases where the description of a minor, after the external reports, is ambiguous, does not have sufficient information or the ones that have been rendered are not sufficient for his identification, the technique jumps to the aid of the criminals and through methods that are constantly developing, establishes certain vital details or information required.
The Tactic of Executing Searches
The Tactic of Executing Searches
(The Tactic of Executing Searches)
- Author(s):Marilena Cristina Chera
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology
- Page Range:231-236
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:crime; defendant; evidence; information technology; search;
- Summary/Abstract:The information technology search became one of the investigation ways often met in practice and that is due to the numerous crime, such as corporate crimes or corruption crimes that can be executed through the information technology systems. The ways of crimes found in the information technology crime are carried out by attacks over the information networks and systems. It must be noted that the information technology crimes are not grouped together under one title/chapter, but those are found either in the crimes against property, forgery crimes, and also in the area of crimes against public safety. The ways of executing such are found in most of the information technology crimes. Most of the cases of information technology crimes, the search on the information system, used for executing the crime, might bring out the most important pieces of evidence with the purpose of proving the causal link between the material element and the immediate result of the crime.
Taking a Mental Vacation: A Problem-Solving Method using Metaphor in Creative Incubation Processes
Taking a Mental Vacation: A Problem-Solving Method using Metaphor in Creative Incubation Processes
(Taking a Mental Vacation: A Problem-Solving Method using Metaphor in Creative Incubation Processes)
- Author(s):Mike Unrau
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Behaviorism
- Page Range:237-241
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:problem-solving; incubation; metaphor; conscious attention; synectics;
- Summary/Abstract:Mounting pressures on problem-solving teams require creative thinkers to take a “break,” “downtime,” or even a mental “vacation,” in order to regroup before re-tackling the problem. Indeed, creative insight can arise during an unrelated train of thought in what is known as incubation. The greatest benefit of incubation is the ‘aha’ moment that it can produce, when the unconscious releases an idea that is relevant to the original goal of the task at hand. Several theories have been offered as to how incubation produces effective ideas, however, most refer to leaving the problem (at least in part) before returning to it. Further research on unconscious processes suggests that metaphor works in the unconscious, even while conscious attention, or the focused processing of different levels of perception, is directed elsewhere. This paper investigates how a facilitated group incubation process using metaphor to direct conscious attention might generate creative outcome. It then offers a basic directed metaphorical processing method. “Synectics,” devised in the 1960’s by marketing researchers, is given as an example for further investigation.
Some Aspects of Crime Scene Investigation
Some Aspects of Crime Scene Investigation
(Some Aspects of Crime Scene Investigation)
- Author(s):Mihnea Andrei Costache
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology
- Page Range:242-246
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:circumstances; crime; investigation; perpetrator; traces;
- Summary/Abstract:The crime scene investigation represents the procedural and criminalistic tactical activity whose object is the immediate perception of the place where the crime was committed; searching, discovering, revealing, fixing, picking up and examining traces and other means of evidence; specifying their position and status; determining the path taken by the offender (iter criminis), with the purpose of establishing the nature and the circumstances of the commission of the act, as well as the data necessary to identify the perpetrator. The crime scene investigation is the most important place for the criminal investigation, being, most of the times, the starting point of the forensic investigation. It is the richest in traces or data regarding the fact and its perpetrator, so how the entire investigation, search and collection of the traces or material evidence is carried out, as well as the determination of the results of the investigations, will depend on the discovery of the crime and the identification of the perpetrator.
The Role of Forensics in Criminal Investigations
The Role of Forensics in Criminal Investigations
(The Role of Forensics in Criminal Investigations)
- Author(s):Andreea Roxana Tudor
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology, Victimology
- Page Range:247-253
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:criminal investigations; criminal offenses; forensics; victims;
- Summary/Abstract:We intend to discuss in this paper about forensics and the role it has it in for discovery, investigation of criminal offenses and to identify persons involved in committing them based on other sciences such as physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics. The basic ideas which we will discuss are the first steps taken in the investigation of homicide, peculiarities research on site in case of murder, the peculiarities of the research killing depending on means and methods used by the perpetrator to suppress the victim's life, activities for investigation of murder, development version prosecution valuations type personality profiling the offender and carry out criminal prosecution.
Improving Sustainable Development and National Security through Office Technology and Management Programme in Nigeria
Improving Sustainable Development and National Security through Office Technology and Management Programme in Nigeria
(Improving Sustainable Development and National Security through Office Technology and Management Programme in Nigeria)
- Author(s):Olukemi Josephine Omoniyi, Boluwaji Clement Elemure, Samuel Adebayo Abiodun
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development
- Page Range:254-261
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:sustainable development; national security; office technology and management;
- Summary/Abstract:The development of skills, knowledge and competence through functional education which is the main focus of office technology and management cannot be over-emphasized. This study is undertaken to examine how sustainable development and national security can be improved through office technology and management.The survey research design was adopted while the population consists of stakeholders in office technology and management in Ekiti State. A sample size of 100 respondents was used. Two research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The research instrument used was the questionnaire and it was validated by experts in the field. The mean and standard deviation was used for the analysis of the data and chi-square was used for the hypotheses formulated.The study revealed that sustainable development and national security could be improved throughoffice technology and management if adequate attention is given to maintenance of standard and funding of the programme. It was therefore recommended that government at various levels and other stakeholders in education should give the needed attention to adequate funding of the programme to achieve better result.
Firearms – A Double-Edged Sword
Firearms – A Double-Edged Sword
(Firearms – A Double-Edged Sword)
- Author(s):Robert Şerbănescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:262-265
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:components; firearms; legal criteria; structure;
- Summary/Abstract:The dual nature of the human race has been the major cause for both positive and negative actions throughout history. Socrates insisted that a man must have a clear representation of both good and bad, so he may choose the proper approach. Therefore, any direction followed by an individual can lead to either desirable consequences or the opposite. Firearms were created as a means of protection and prevention from invaders. However, even if during periods of conflict they have proven their usefulness by defending homelands and other key locations, in the hands of an ordinary person they provided the possibilities to take the criminal activity to another level. In this manner, crimes could be committed at a faster rate, with more accuracy from a safe distance, lowering the chances of the victim to be able to defend themselves. In order for one to understand the concept of the firearms being a “double-edged sword”, he requires to have a clear representation of the complexity shown by a weapon structure, the key components, the power which can pe generated by using a firearm and the damage done. Also, the representation, besides the mechanical and structural part, must include the criteria based on which an individual can have, keep and use a firearm, with the general differences from one legal system to another.
The Comparison of the System of Lao Zi’s Tao Te Ching and Socrates’ Plato's Complete Works of Plato
The Comparison of the System of Lao Zi’s Tao Te Ching and Socrates’ Plato's Complete Works of Plato
(The Comparison of the System of Lao Zi’s Tao Te Ching and Socrates’ Plato's Complete Works of Plato)
- Author(s):Meihuai Ke
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Ancient Philosphy
- Page Range:266-271
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Socratic system; philosophy; philosophical origin; civilization;
- Summary/Abstract:The origins of definition of philosophy put Laozi system and Socratic system in philosophic origins. As a result, the similarities between the two systems are presented. After discussing the similarities between the two systems, the "Clash of Civilizations" has short legs.
Examples of Good Practices in the Field of Museology. Case Study – ASTRA Museum
Examples of Good Practices in the Field of Museology. Case Study – ASTRA Museum
(Examples of Good Practices in the Field of Museology. Case Study – ASTRA Museum)
- Author(s):Astrid Isabela Bogdan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Visual Arts
- Page Range:272-275
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:art; museum; sustainability; vernacular architecture; tradition;
- Summary/Abstract:From the nomadic to the sedentary people, human communities have always wanted to make unique elements, specific to their identity, although they often received major influences from other neighbouring or most powerful communities. For example, archaeology reveals the identical geometrical elements found on ceramic vessels in peoples that were at some distance in time to each other or even geographically. Thus, we can see that not all elements of a civilization are authentic and that many times a motive formed by a group can become a leitmotif for many peoples. However, since ancient times, every community has tried to preserve at least one original element to help it differentiate among other peoples. In contemporary times, these elements are gradually extinguished, but there are still some places where the custom is preserved, and perhaps the most edifying example in this regard is the open air museum. Basically, this study will focus on this type of exhibition, approaching an edifying example, in this case, the ASTRA Museum in Romania, the largest open air museum in south-east Europe.
Tort Liability
Tort Liability
(Tort Liability)
- Author(s):Valentina Avramescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology
- Page Range:276-280
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:criminal liability; contractual liability; patrimonial liability; tort liability; unlawful act;
- Summary/Abstract:The object of this paper is the tort liability, which represents an important element of the legal relationships. This paper refers at the legal regulation of the tort liability, as well as its scope. This paper also refers at the two types of liability, representing the general liability that we find in the civil law, which is the relation between the tort liability and the contractual liability. This paper also presents the comparison between the tort liability and the criminal liability, as well as the relation between the tort liability and the patrimonial liability specific to the labour law. We shall speak of the types of tort liability and their classification, referring at the hypotheses regulated by the Civil Code and the related legislation, as well as of the criterion of the fundamental principle of liability.
Family Institution and Marriage Regime
Family Institution and Marriage Regime
(Family Institution and Marriage Regime)
- Author(s):Silvia Timofti
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Family and social welfare
- Page Range:281-284
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:family; family functions; matrimonial regime;
- Summary/Abstract:Accompanying the man throughout his life, the family proved to be one of the oldest and most stable forms of human community, which ensures the perpetuation of the species, the evolution and the continuity of the social life. Many approaches understand the family as a basic social form, based on marriage, which consists of the husband, wife and their descendants.The family is the basic cell of society, it is the one that makes man go from selfishness to altruism, the place where tribulations and joys are shared. The family is the first divine settlement, founded by God for man in heaven. The family is the fundamental institution in all societies. So it is a relatively permanent social group of individuals linked by origin, marriage or adoption.
The Somatic Idiomatic “Fear” Concept in the Book of the Prophet Jeremiah
The Somatic Idiomatic “Fear” Concept in the Book of the Prophet Jeremiah
(The Somatic Idiomatic “Fear” Concept in the Book of the Prophet Jeremiah)
- Author(s):Mirela Beatris Munteanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Biblical studies, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:285-292
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:affectives; fear; fright; emotion;
- Summary/Abstract:In this article we intend to study lexemes that express emotions produced by fear from the perspective of lexicography and prophetic semantics, the lexem generating, depending on the relationship between the linguistic sense and the literary image, different directions of meaning: direct through constitutive features of the semantics of ascending emotions or indirect, through the syntactic structures in which they integrate. From the perspective of conceptual analysis (studying the meaning of all the words and expressions that are associated with a certain concept and which includes their systematization) we defined the term as a cultural phenomenon accompanied by a specific historical development, corresponding to the keyword of the proposed topic, also having an important presence in the Biblical text.
Social Representations of Violence against Women in Cuba Is It a Consequence of Economic and Political Changes?
Social Representations of Violence against Women in Cuba Is It a Consequence of Economic and Political Changes?
(Social Representations of Violence against Women in Cuba Is It a Consequence of Economic and Political Changes?)
- Author(s):Roselín Martin-Ramos, Velia Cecilia Bobes-León, Flérida Guzmán-Gallangos
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Victimology, Social Norms / Social Control
- Page Range:293-299
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:violence against women; collective imagination; myths; victim;
- Summary/Abstract:The main purpose of this research is to analyze social representations (SR) of violence against women in three generations from Sancti Spiritus in a context of sociocultural changes. With this purpose, 28 people from three different generations were interviewed using the Snowball method. As part of the methodology, the semi-structured interviews, as well as the Free Association method (written variant) and the non-participant observation were used. The data obtained was interpreted with the qualitative paradigm. Myths about violence were found anchored in the collective imagination, without distinction of age. Likewise, there were changes in the SR of the three generations towards violence: the generation of older adults exhibits beliefs more attached to the government-supported discourse on equality; the youngsters blamed more the victim of violence and showed SR in which the control of man over woman is normalized. The intermediate generation exhibited SR more in accordance with reality. This generation, raised in a context of educational and social achievements, where inequality and social precarious brought by the special period, didn't have a dent in social values and norms, showed a less macho ideology.
Managing Diversity in Business Education: A Case of Dubai International Academic City (DIAC)
Managing Diversity in Business Education: A Case of Dubai International Academic City (DIAC)
(Managing Diversity in Business Education: A Case of Dubai International Academic City (DIAC))
- Author(s):Nadir Ali Kolachi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Management and complex organizations
- Page Range:300-302
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:diversity; business education; business schools; different cultures; international standards;
- Summary/Abstract:Education is an important factor in developing any nation around the world. Today’s developed countries are much focused on education in varied fields. This has become possible through meaningful diversity in every field. Latest developments & innovations are the backbone to compete in today’s competitive world. Best business education in Europe & North American countries have opened avenues of competition for other nations. These initiatives of being accredited by AACSB is a clear direction for successful business schools. UAE has been a preferred destination for more than two hundred nationalities who are working in different fields. Such diversity is the reason of varied developments in almost every domain. The educational projects, research based initiatives, business forums and meetings made it possible to get exponential growth in UAE and Dubai in particular. Dubai is one of the most demanded place to live and work in different companies & universities. Referring to this case research, education is the most focused area and set as top priority of government’s projects for 2020. There are few AACSB accredited Business Schools in UAE and others are trying best to get it done through varied skills as possible through diversified opportunities in Dubai. Dubai is leading in education sector in the region where all nationalities are working and being educated in multiple fields. Dubai’s diversity has made it much attractive to be educated in the multicultural city.
How Effective is Microfinance on Poverty Reduction? Empirical Evidence on ACSI (Ethiopia)
How Effective is Microfinance on Poverty Reduction? Empirical Evidence on ACSI (Ethiopia)
(How Effective is Microfinance on Poverty Reduction? Empirical Evidence on ACSI (Ethiopia))
- Author(s):Bogale Berhanu Benti
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Micro-Economics, Economic development
- Page Range:303-310
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:microfinance; poverty reduction strategy; sustainability;
- Summary/Abstract:As per the World Bank report (2015), in 2000 Ethiopia had one of the highest poverty rates in the world, with 56 percent of the population living on less than (U.S.) $1.25 purchasing power parity (PPP) a day. According to International Fund Agricultural Development (2008), “Under the IFAD, initiated Rural Financial Intermediation Programme (RUFIP), impressive results have been achieved over the past five years in expanding outreach in the delivery of financial services by operationally sustainable microfinance institutions (MFIs) and RUSACCOs, with the clientele growing from about 700,000 to nearly 2 million poor rural households. The programme has demonstrated the potential of rural finance in enabling a large number of poor people to overcome poverty. Women account for about 30 per cent and 50 per cent of beneficiaries of MFIs and RUSACCOs respectively. However, much remains to be done, particularly in improving management information systems and expanding outreach to access-deficit and pastoral areas” Republic (2008). Based on the strategy of poverty eradication, microfinance institutions are playing significant role on the reduction of poverty and increase source of income by providing financial services, such as saving and credit to rural poor household society particularly poor women household. Therefore Amhara credit and saving institution (ACSI) has a significant effect on poverty alleviation and the institution stands for poor rural household and enable them to invest small sum of money in productive activity.
Analysis of the Different Education Policy Reforms in Uganda (1922 – 2000)
Analysis of the Different Education Policy Reforms in Uganda (1922 – 2000)
(Analysis of the Different Education Policy Reforms in Uganda (1922 – 2000))
- Author(s):Kamya Bazilio
- Language:English
- Subject(s):State/Government and Education
- Page Range:311-317
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:policy reforms; public value theory; human capital theory;
- Summary/Abstract:Since the colonial era, Uganda has instituted several commissions of inquiry aimed at reforming the education sector. Despite these commissions, the sector still faces multiple challenges ranging from financing, poorly trained teachers, high level of teacher and student absenteeism, inadequate learning materials and large class sizes. The paper argues that much as policy reforms on primary education development that were made during the colonial times were criticized because colonial education was seen as alien, Ugandanisation of education after independence and the reforms by the successive governments did not change the sector so much. As a result, it has failed to embrace the virtues of quality, equity and efficiency yet the successive policy reform commissions have among other things been tasked to ensure that the trio is achieved. The paper is guided by both the Public value management theory and the Human capital theory. The findings of the study will inform the government about the challenges of primary education in Uganda and what went wrong with the successive policy reforms with a view to rectifying the anomalies in the future policy reforms.