Family and Human Capital in Turkish Migration
Family and Human Capital in Turkish Migration
Contributor(s): Ibrahim Sirkeci (Editor), M. Murat Yüceşahin (Editor), Assia S. Rolls (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Economy, Gender Studies, Customs / Folklore, Geography, Regional studies, Sociology, Labor relations, Welfare systems, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Higher Education , Migration Studies, Human Resources in Economy, Identity of Collectives, Turkic languages
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: Turkey; Austria; Germany; migrations; family; human capital; labor relations; education; social care; health care; marriage rituals; union formation; loyalty; Turkish language; children; identity; assimilation;
Summary/Abstract: Family, marriage, ageing, and poverty are at the heart of migration studies. Human capital, education and employment are of equal importance. The income differentials between immigrants and native populations are widely known and tested in Europe and North America. Immigrants with distinct cultural backgrounds often resort to their transnational networks for marriages. Yet, the host societies may alter the behaviour in partner choice, endogamy and family relations. In this book, we brought together a select group of researchers investigating marriage patterns, family structures, ageing and health concerns as well as educational patterns and career concerns among Turkish movers in Europe.
Series: Migration Series
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-1-910781-16-6
- Page Count: 151
- Publication Year: 2015
- Language: English
Union formation of Turkish migrant descendants in Western Europe: Family involvement in meeting a partner and marrying
Union formation of Turkish migrant descendants in Western Europe: Family involvement in meeting a partner and marrying
(Union formation of Turkish migrant descendants in Western Europe: Family involvement in meeting a partner and marrying)
- Author(s):Nadja Milewski, Doreen Huschek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Customs / Folklore, Geography, Regional studies, Family and social welfare, Migration Studies
- Page Range:11-23
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Turkey; migrations; union formation; West Europe; family; tradition;
- Summary/Abstract:One of the striking differences in family formation behaviour between Turkish and Western European cultures is in the role of family influence in the processes of partner choice and union formation. Family involvement has an impact on partner choice, as well as on other aspects of union formation, such as the type of union and the age at first union formation. Family involvement frequently occurs in Turkey and in other countries with a long Muslim tradition, and it remains important among emigrants and their descendants from these countries (de Valk & Liefbroer, 2007; Milewski & Hamel, 2010; Huschek et al., 2012; Baykara-Krumme, 2014; van Zantvliet et al., 2014; Topgül, 2015).
- Price: 4.50 €
Turkish marriage ritual: Design for experience based embodied interaction
Turkish marriage ritual: Design for experience based embodied interaction
(Turkish marriage ritual: Design for experience based embodied interaction)
- Author(s):Johanna Kint, Sietske Klooster
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Family and social welfare, Migration Studies
- Page Range:25-33
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:culture; tradition; ritual; marriage; Turkey; immigrants;
- Summary/Abstract:Culture is becoming more complex, hidden in the small details of our intercultural society and in the subtleties of human behaviour. This complexity makes a first person perspective essential in order to gain a more thorough understanding of what culture, and cultural values are about. A first person perspective requires a more intuitive and sensorial exploration of culture, both for designers and for people to gain common knowledge on culture (Reed-Danahay, 1997).
- Price: 4.50 €
Rethinking loyalty (vefa) through transnational care practices of older Turkish women in Sweden
Rethinking loyalty (vefa) through transnational care practices of older Turkish women in Sweden
(Rethinking loyalty (vefa) through transnational care practices of older Turkish women in Sweden)
- Author(s):Öncel Naldemirci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure , Family and social welfare, Migration Studies
- Page Range:35-45
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Sweden; Turkish women; older women; loyalty; "vefa"; transnational care practices; immigrants; family;
- Summary/Abstract:First-generation Turkish immigrants in Sweden have started to reach older ages and to think about their old age and future care needs. Strong family and community ties, intergenerational solidarity, and cultural practices regulating marriage, socialization and care are believed to be a characteristic of Turkish families (Liljeström & Özdalga, 2002). However, as Finch and Mason argue, “responsibilities between kin are not straightforward products of rules of obligation, they are (…) the products of negotiation” (1993, p. 60). An increasing number of studies attempt to understand how families are made and remade in the migration context through care relations, responsibilities and negotiations (Baldassar, 2001, 2007, 2008; Bryceson & Vuorela, 2002). In this paper, I will highlight the role of emotions in negotiating and thinking about care responsibilities in a migration context and argue that emotions not only redefine transnational care practices but they also reshape the ways in which family responsibilities are imagined in diaspora space (Brah, 1996). After briefly describing the methods of the research, focus will be directed towards exploring the significance of emotions in migration studies. Then I will focus on a particular emotion – vefa – and discuss how it is translated into gendered care practices, by referring to three older Turkish women’s accounts.
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Who takes part in a cross sectional survey on health care service utilisation among Turkish and German nationals in Germany?
Who takes part in a cross sectional survey on health care service utilisation among Turkish and German nationals in Germany?
(Who takes part in a cross sectional survey on health care service utilisation among Turkish and German nationals in Germany?)
- Author(s):Ulrike Zier, Stephan Letzel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Welfare systems, Health and medicine and law, Migration Studies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:47-57
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Germany; Turkish and German nationals; health care service; cross sectional survey;
- Summary/Abstract:Socio-cultural aspects of health such as understanding of sickness and health, or symptom awareness are likely to influence health care utilisation as well as system knowledge or financial and communicational obstacles to health care access. In a multicultural society like Germany, health care services and policy regulation have to take this issue into account, in order to provide equal access. The share of inhabitants with foreign nationalities has risen from 1.2% (0.7 million) in 1961 to 9.5% (7.6 million) in 2013 (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2014a, p. 27-37). Most foreign nationals in Germany are Turkish citizens. They make up a share of 20.3% of all foreign nationals and 1.9% of all inhabitants. Even though health care utilisation is an important means of maintaining and restoring personal health, the question of whether different socio-cultural patterns exist has not been addressed comprehensively by previous research in Germany. Only a few studies on specific aspects of the topic exist and mention barriers in health care access (e.g. Bermejo, Hölzel, Kriston, & Härter, 2012; Robert Koch Institut, 2008). With our survey we cover a broad range of research questions on general health care utilisation practices in a representative population sample of Turkish and German nationals.
- Price: 4.50 €
Turkish-language ability of children of immigrants in Germany
Turkish-language ability of children of immigrants in Germany
(Turkish-language ability of children of immigrants in Germany)
- Author(s):Oliver Klein, Nicole Biedinger, Birgit Becker
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Sociolinguistics, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Migration Studies, Turkic languages
- Page Range:59-67
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Germany; Turkey; immigrants; Turkish language; children; labor requirements;
- Summary/Abstract:In the 1960s, German industry was in need of low-skilled labour and started to recruit ‘guest workers’ (Crul and Vermeulen 2003: p. 970). Many of these labour migrants came from Turkey. In 2011, about 1.6 million individuals of Turkish origin lived in Germany, constituting that country’s largest migrant group (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2011). Several studies report that on average, the socioeconomic status of Turkish immigrants is lower than that of native Germans. Furthermore, they are the least well integrated migration group in Germany (Diehl & Schnell, 2006). Research in Germany mainly focuses on the German language ability, but knowledge of the heritage language can help to maintain the immigrants’ ties to their ethnic culture, which in turn can facilitate their psychological adjustment. The stronger roots in the ethnic culture may facilitate their social and cultural adjustment through the ethnic community and may also facilitate their adjustment to the host culture (cf. Park et al., 2012). In the following paper we seek to answer the question of how children of Turkish immigrants in Germany are able to learn their heritage language (language retention/maintenance).
- Price: 4.50 €
‘Making the balance: to stay or not to stay?’ Highly educated Turkish migrants, trends of migration and migration intentions.
‘Making the balance: to stay or not to stay?’ Highly educated Turkish migrants, trends of migration and migration intentions.
(‘Making the balance: to stay or not to stay?’ Highly educated Turkish migrants, trends of migration and migration intentions.)
- Author(s):Işık Kulu-Glasgow
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Geography, Regional studies, Higher Education , Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Migration Studies
- Page Range:69-89
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Netherlands; Turkish migration; knowledge workers; education; Dutch policy instruments;
- Summary/Abstract:For more than a decade the countries of the European Union (EU) have been chasing their ambition to make Europe a centre of excellence’. In 2000 they formulated their common goal of making the EU the most competitive and dynamic knowledge economy of the world in the Strategy of Lisbon. The European Recovery Plan of the European Commission, which aimed to combat the most recent economic crisis, emphasized the importance of the innovative knowledge economy and scientific research (European Parliament, 2010). To fulfil the targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy (e.g. increasing productivity, competitiveness, economic growth, solving the problem of labour shortage in sectors of innovation), stimulating intra EUlabour mobility or needs-based migratory flows were named as relevant policy tools. Similarly, encouraging highly skilled immigration from non-EU countries was considered to be essential. In the EU, the share of the highly educated among migrants born outside the EU was almost negligible - only 2% - compared with 4.5% in the USA, 8% in Australia and almost 10% in Canada. As a consequence, the EU-countries got engaged in a global ‘battle for brains’, not only as a union, but at the same time among themselves in order to attract the ‘best and the brightest’ and to reach sustainable economic growth.
- Price: 4.50 €
Human capital exchange between Germany and Turkey. A focus on Turkish students in Germany
Human capital exchange between Germany and Turkey. A focus on Turkish students in Germany
(Human capital exchange between Germany and Turkey. A focus on Turkish students in Germany)
- Author(s):Rebecca Tlatlik, Beatrice Knerr
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Labor relations, Higher Education , Migration Studies, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:91-100
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Germany; Turkey; human capital exchange; students; labor market;
- Summary/Abstract:Germany is facing a shrinking and ageing population due to a sustained decline of the country’s birth rate and a longer life expectancy of its population. As a result, the population is expected to decrease to 70 million in 2030 (BMAS, 2011), from 80.62 million in 2013 (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2014), while the labour force is predicted to drop by 4% between 2010 and 2020 (OECD, 2013a). The German Federal Employment Agency (FEA), moreover, expects a skilled labour deficit of around 5.4 million in 2025 (FEA, 2011). This development preoccupies policymakers as well as business representatives, because the availability of highly qualified human capital is seen as a basis for the country´s prosperity (Czernomoriez, 2009). Especially the growing shortage of specialists in the MINT subjects, i.e. Mathematics, Informatics, Natural Science and Technique, might have severe consequences for the economy. In order to find a way to cope with this situation, the attraction of highly skilled people from abroad has come into the focus of German politics. Hence, with the New Immigration Act (“Zuwanderungsgesetz”) in 2005, Germany officially accepted its status as an immigration country, and accordingly put a regulatory framework in place. Consequently, the new law and its following modifications made Germany one of the countries with the lowest entry restrictions to the domestic labor market towards highly-skilled migrants within the OECD area (OECD, 2013a).
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Identity formation of young second and third generation Turkish-origin migrants in Vienna and their attitude towards integration in Austrian society
Identity formation of young second and third generation Turkish-origin migrants in Vienna and their attitude towards integration in Austrian society
(Identity formation of young second and third generation Turkish-origin migrants in Vienna and their attitude towards integration in Austrian society)
- Author(s):Maja Richtermoc
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Migration Studies, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:101-111
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Austria; Vienna; identity formation; Turkish migrants; integration; attitude;
- Summary/Abstract:This case study chapter explains how self-determination develops in the case of young Austrians with Turkish migration background in Vienna. Through the incorporation of Austrian, as well as the Turkish socio-cultural values and knowledge, members of the investigated population create their own kind of multiple identities that lead to fuller, more successful integration.
- Price: 4.50 €
Segmentation or assimilation over the life course? Career mobility of second generation Turkish women in Germany
Segmentation or assimilation over the life course? Career mobility of second generation Turkish women in Germany
(Segmentation or assimilation over the life course? Career mobility of second generation Turkish women in Germany)
- Author(s):Jörg Hartmann
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Labor relations, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Migration Studies, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:113-123
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Germany; Turkish women; second generation; migration; segmentation; assimilation; career mobility;
- Summary/Abstract:In Germany, the second-generation migrants’ share of the overall population is growing fast and, among them, those of Turkish origin represent the largest group. They are also the group with the lowest labour market outcomes, and this holds especially true for secondgeneration Turkish women. Of all the ethnic groups, their employment rate and hourly income are the lowest (Algan et al., 2010; Seibert, 2011), while their chances of attaining non-manual employment positions do not differ from those of native-born German women (Seibert, 2011). In addition, they have a higher risk of unemployment and being a housewife (Fincke 2009; Haug 2002), and they have the highest out of labour force rate (Luthra 2013). In comparison, other second-generation women in Germany of Iberian, Greek, or Yugoslavian origin, have less pronounced disadvantages (Heath et al. 2008). While the disadvantages of second-generation Turkish women have also been found for the Netherlands, Belgium, and Austria (Heath et al. 2008), nothing is known about the development of these disadvantages over the course of their employment careers.
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How highly skilled labour migrants deal with flexibility?
How highly skilled labour migrants deal with flexibility?
(How highly skilled labour migrants deal with flexibility?)
- Author(s):Ulaş Sunata
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Labor relations, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Migration Studies, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:125-135
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Turkey; Germany; migrations; employment; labor relations; highly skilled labor migrants; flexibility;
- Summary/Abstract:During the last three decades, the phenomenon of flexibility has attracted a great deal of attention in sociology, not only in relation to work flexibility but also flexibility of migration. In this respect, the structural changes in both employment relationships and migratory conditions have brought about new lifestyles. The theoretical debates in the field of migration studies and human capital have often concentrated on the (changing) roles of nation-states, transnational corporations, and recruitment agencies at the macro level. Sassen (1988; 1998) observed two critical social classes and their spatial polarization in transnational migration. People from low income groups are employed in low-skilled service jobs. In contrast, there are newly emerging high income segments employed in professions. This latter group are also the “young urban professionals” (yuppies) who tend to be portrayed as enjoying affluent lifestyles (Robinson, 2009).
- Price: 4.50 €
References
References
(References)
- Author(s):Author Not Specified
- Language:English
- Subject(s):General Reference Works
- Page Range:137-151
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:references;Turkey;Germany;migrations;family;human capital;labor relations;education;social care;health care;marriage rituals;union formation;loyalty;Turkish language;children;identity;assimilation;
- Price: 4.50 €
