Unaccompanied Children: From immigration to integration
Unaccompanied Children: From immigration to integration
Contributor(s): Işık Kulu-Glasgow (Editor), Monika Smit (Editor), Ibrahim Sirkeci (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Education, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Civil Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Sociology, State/Government and Education, Family and social welfare, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Demography and human biology, Welfare services, Migration Studies, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: UM; unaccompanied children; migration; USA; Sweden; Netherlands; family; youth; children; education; inclusion; policy; law; human rights; asylum;
Summary/Abstract: Unaccompanied Children: From Migration to Integration Edited by Işık Kulu-Glasgow, Monika Smit and Ibrahim Sirkeci | Published: 19 April 2019 | Paperback: ISBN: 978-1-912997-14-5 | “The statistics show that children move in great numbers, and many do so alone. While some of the reasons which motivate them to undertake such journeys alone are similar to those of adults – e.g. wars, pursuing aspirations for better social and economic opportunities, ethnic violence, cultural differences, examples of others migrating – others are more specific to children, such as forced child marriages, lack of educational opportunities, forced conscription or being sent ahead to realize family reunification in another country. Similar to adult companions, they suffer and react to ‘democratic deficit’ and ‘developmental (economic) deficit’ and yet they may become more vulnerable in their flight. Reaching their destination often does not mean they are then less vulnerable either. They are faced with specific challenges of integration on economic, social, and cultural dimensions and in many cases also face burdens of the reunification of their family. Yet, there is little attention paid to unaccompanied minors in the literature on ‘forced’ migration. This was an important reason to initiate this book. This book largely focuses on unaccompanied minors who arrived in a European country in 2015, with special attention paid to the top-three nationalities of unaccompanied minors, namely Syrian, Afghan and Eritrean minors.” Content INTRODUCTION – Işık Kulu-Glasgow, Monika Smit, Ibrahim Sirkeci CHAPTER 1 Syrian Unaccompanied Minors Journeys to Germany and initial experiences upon arrival – Raphael Kamp and Katie Kuschminder CHAPTER 2 ‘I just wanted to be safe’: Agency and decision-making among unaccompanied minor asylum seekers – Işık Kulu-Glasgow, Sanne Noyon, Monika Smit CHAPTER 3. Ways into and out of exploitation Unaccompanied minors and human trafficking – Hilde Lidén and Cathrine Holst Salvesen CHAPTER 4. Best Interests of the Child assessments to facilitate decision-making in asylum procedures – Carla van Os and Elianne Zijlstra. CHAPTER 5. Navigating the Immigration Process Alone: Unaccompanied Minors Experiences in the United States – Jennica Larrison and Mariglynn Edlins. CHAPTER 6. Dropping out of Education: Refugee Youth Who Arrived as Unaccompanied Minors and Separated Children – Aycan Çelikaksoy and Eskil Wadensjö. CHAPTER 7. Eritrean Unaccompanied Refugee Minors in The Netherlands: Wellbeing and Health – Anna de Haan, Yodit Jacob, Trudy Mooren and Winta Ghebreab. CHAPTER 8. Social Inclusion Processes for unaccompanied minors in the city of Palermo: Fostering Autonomy through a New Social Inclusion Model – Roberta Lo Bianco and Georgia Chondrou.
Series: Migration Series
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-1-912997-14-5
- Page Count: 158
- Publication Year: 2019
- Language: English
Syrian Unaccompanied Minors Journeys to Germany and initial experiences upon arrival
Syrian Unaccompanied Minors Journeys to Germany and initial experiences upon arrival
(Syrian Unaccompanied Minors Journeys to Germany and initial experiences upon arrival)
- Author(s):Raphael Kamp, Katie Kuschminder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Family and social welfare, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:9-27
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Syria; unaccompanied minors; UAM; Germany; migrations; experiences;
- Summary/Abstract:A differentiating element of the so-called European migration crisis in 2015 has been a significant increase in the number of children migrating to Europe, many of whom are unaccompanied. Approximately 89,000 unaccompanied minors (UAMs) applied for asylum in the European Union (EU) in 2015, which is the highest recorded number since the beginning of data collection on UAMs in 2006 (UNHCR, 2016: 3). In 2016, Germany received the highest number of asylum claims by UAMs with 35,900 out of 63,300 in the EU. The other two most important destination countries were Italy (6,000 applications) and Austria (3,900 applications) (Eurostat, 2017: 2). Most UAMs in the EU came from Afghanistan (38%), Syria (19%) and Iraq (7%) (Eurostat, 2017: 3).
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‘I just wanted to be safe’: Agency and decision-making among unaccompanied minor asylum seekers
‘I just wanted to be safe’: Agency and decision-making among unaccompanied minor asylum seekers
(‘I just wanted to be safe’: Agency and decision-making among unaccompanied minor asylum seekers)
- Author(s):Işık Kulu-Glasgow, Monika Smit, Sanne Noyon
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Family and social welfare, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:29-49
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:minors; migrations; asylum seekers; decision making; UMA; Syrian; Eritrean; Afghan minors;
- Summary/Abstract:The year 2015 was characterized by a peak in the number of asylum seekers arriving in the European Union, with over 1.2 million first time asylum seekers applying for protection. Among them were over 96,000 minors who arrived without parents or other adult relatives. Sweden received the highest number of these so-called unaccompanied minor asylum seekers (UMAs), followed by Germany, Hungary, and Austria. The Netherlands, ranked seventh among the destination countries with 3,859 UMAs, representing almost a fourfold increase compared to the year before. An overwhelming majority (85%) of the ‘Dutch’ UMAs came from Syria, Eritrea and Afghanistan (IND, 2015).
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Ways into and out of exploitation Unaccompanied minors and human trafficking
Ways into and out of exploitation Unaccompanied minors and human trafficking
(Ways into and out of exploitation Unaccompanied minors and human trafficking)
- Author(s):Hilde Lidén, Cathrine Holst Salvesen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Criminal Law, Civil Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Family and social welfare, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:51-69
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:UMA; migration; unaccompanied minors; exploitation; international law; UNHCR; national laws and policies;
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter assesses whether national law, policies and practice in the field of unaccompanied asylum seekers are in compliance with international conventions including the UNHCR guidelines and UN convention of the rights of the child (CRC). We will discuss policy and practices on minors exposed to human trafficking, taking Norway as a case. The Norwegian Immigration Act of 2008 includes provisions and formulations intended to strengthen the legal position and rights of asylum-seeking children as children. The intention was to ensure that national regulations on immigration were in accordance with the CRC and in line with the Norwegian Human Rights Act 1999. The CRC as well as UNHCR guidelines mention human trafficking, including forced labour and sexual exploitation as one main threat to which children may be exposed. The chapter discusses three scenarios which represent distinct forms of how unaccompanied minors are recruited into exploitative relations on their way to or in Europe and how their cases are assessed when applying for asylum in Norway as unaccompanied minors. Ways into and out of exploitation may have decisive implication for how their asylum applications are assessed and for further access to rehabilitation measures.
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Best Interests of the Child assessments to facilitate decision-making in asylum procedures
Best Interests of the Child assessments to facilitate decision-making in asylum procedures
(Best Interests of the Child assessments to facilitate decision-making in asylum procedures)
- Author(s):Carla van Os, Elianne Zijlstra
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Family and social welfare, Migration Studies
- Page Range:71-94
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:migration; child; minors; asylum procedure; decision making;
- Summary/Abstract:The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) gives asylum-seeking children the right to an asylum decision that gives due weight to their best interests (UN 1989). This right follows from article 3, section 1, of the CRC: “In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration.”
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Navigating the Immigration Process Alone: Unaccompanied Minors Experiences in the United States
Navigating the Immigration Process Alone: Unaccompanied Minors Experiences in the United States
(Navigating the Immigration Process Alone: Unaccompanied Minors Experiences in the United States)
- Author(s):Jennica Larrison, Mariglynn Edlins
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Security and defense, Family and social welfare, Migration Studies
- Page Range:95-107
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:unaccompanied minors; UM; migration; USA;
- Summary/Abstract:Unaccompanied minors (UMs) in the United States first garnered national attention in 2014. In the summer of 2014, an unprecedented number of UMs (68,541) entered the United States from the US-Mexico border. While the number of youth crossing appeared alarming in itself-the rate was a 77% increase over the previous year-a significant shift in origin of UMs also dramatically affected the way in which the Government would respond. The majority of unaccompanied youth previously crossing the border were from Mexico, however by 2014 the majority were from Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras (Department of Homeland Security, 2014). Youth continue to cross and in 2018, the United States apprehended 50,036 UMs, with 76% from Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.
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Dropping out of Education: Refugee Youth Who Arrived as Unaccompanied Minors and Separated Children
Dropping out of Education: Refugee Youth Who Arrived as Unaccompanied Minors and Separated Children
(Dropping out of Education: Refugee Youth Who Arrived as Unaccompanied Minors and Separated Children)
- Author(s):Aycan Çelikaksoy, Eskil Wadensjö
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Geography, Regional studies, State/Government and Education, Family and social welfare, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Migration Studies
- Page Range:109-125
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Sweden; UM; unaccompanied minors; migration; education; youth; separated children;
- Summary/Abstract:Unaccompanied minors or separated children (UMs) are children under the age of 18 who are outside their country of origin and came to Sweden unaccompanied by a parent or other legal guardian. Such migration has increased around the world and it is the most fragile type of migration across countries. This population is considered ‘vulnerable’ due to their young age during the fleeing process combined with the fact that they are unaccompanied by their parents or legal guardians (Derluyn and Broekaert, 2008; Derluyn and Vervliet, 2012; Rodriguez, et al., 2018). These children face heightened vulnerability to exploitation, and violations of their rights by virtue of their age and status. The global movement of unaccompanied and separated children presents challenges for children’s rights and well-being. Research on unaccompanied minors has often focused on vulnerabilities of this group (Derluyn et al., 2008). However, recent studies have increasingly stressed the strength, resilience, and agency of unaccompanied minors (UMs), despite the traumatic experiences and challenges (see e.g. Luster et al., 2010).
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Eritrean Unaccompanied Refugee Minors in The Netherlands: Well-being and Health
Eritrean Unaccompanied Refugee Minors in The Netherlands: Well-being and Health
(Eritrean Unaccompanied Refugee Minors in The Netherlands: Well-being and Health)
- Author(s):Anna de Haan, Yodit Jacob, Trudy Mooren, Winta Ghebreab
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Geography, Regional studies, Health and medicine and law, Family and social welfare, Welfare services, Migration Studies
- Page Range:127-140
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Netherlands; migrations; Eritrean minors; UM; unaccompanied minors; refugees; health;
- Summary/Abstract:In 2015, 379,766 Eritreans worldwide sought asylum in another country or were on the road (2015, UNHCR). In the last few years there has been a growing number of unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) from Eritrea. Of the 33,380 Eritreans that applied for asylum in Europe in 2016 (IND, 2017), 2870 applied for asylum in the Netherlands, of whom 773 Eritrean URMs (CBS, 2016).
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Social Inclusion Processes for unaccompanied minors in the city of Palermo: Fostering Autonomy through a New Social Inclusion Model
Social Inclusion Processes for unaccompanied minors in the city of Palermo: Fostering Autonomy through a New Social Inclusion Model
(Social Inclusion Processes for unaccompanied minors in the city of Palermo: Fostering Autonomy through a New Social Inclusion Model)
- Author(s):Roberta Lo Bianco, Georgia Chondrou
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Education, Geography, Regional studies, Civil Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, State/Government and Education, Family and social welfare, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Migration Studies, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
- Page Range:141-158
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:migration; social inclusion; UM; unaccompanied minors; Palermo; rights of children;
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter describes and proposes a new social inclusion model for supporting unaccompanied minors in becoming autonomous, as they are one of the most vulnerable groups of contemporary migration flows. According to the Committee on the Rights of Children “unaccompanied children (also called unaccompanied minors) are children, […] who have been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so” (Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2005).
- Price: 4.50 €