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Peripheries in the Croatian Language, Culture and Society Cover Image

Periferno u hrvatskom jeziku, kulturi i društvu / Peryferie w języku chorwackim, kulturze i społeczeństwie
Peripheries in the Croatian Language, Culture and Society

Contributor(s): Robert Bońkowski (Editor), Milica Lukić (Editor), Krešimir Mićanović (Editor), Paulina Pycia-Košćak (Editor), Sanja Zubčić (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Foreign languages learning, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Sociology, Local History / Microhistory, South Slavic Languages
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Keywords: Croatian language; Croatian culture; periphery; Croatian dialects
Summary/Abstract: The volume "Peripheries in the Croatian Language, Culture and Society" is the second colllection of articles, which are the result of the meeting at the international scientific conference that took place in Katowice in 2019. The first and most extensive chapter of the volume, titled "Croatian Standard Language and Dialects" consists of articles in which the peripheries and peripherality appear most often in relation to the marginal position of certain linguistic phenomena in the Croatian standard language and in regional variants. In the second part, titled "Croatian Language in Teaching and Translation", there are texts in which the peripheries and peripherality are related to the glottodidactics of the Croatian language and traductology. The third chapter of the volume, "Croatian Language Abroad", covers works in which the peripheries and peripherality are closest to their original, geographical meaning, as they refer to a place remote from the center, which in this particular case is Croatia. The diachronic perspective in the study of the peripheries and peripherality is visible in the texts collected in the fourth chapter of the volume, titled "Croatian Language and Croatian Writing over the centuries". The last chapter, "Cultural and Sociological Contexts of the Periphery", presents the results of research that differ from purely linguistic issues, but the peripheries and peripherality analyzed in them fit into the main theme of the project.

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-4053-1
  • Page Count: 566
  • Publication Year: 2021
  • Language: English, Croatian, Polish
Uvod

Uvod
(Introduction)

  • Author(s):Paulina Pycia-Košćak, Robert Bońkowski
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Editorial
  • Page Range:9-11
  • No. of Pages:3
Wstęp

Wstęp
(Introduction)

  • Author(s):Paulina Pycia-Košćak, Robert Bońkowski
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Editorial
  • Page Range:13-15
  • No. of Pages:3
Središnje i periferno u gramatici hrvatskoga jezika

Središnje i periferno u gramatici hrvatskoga jezika
(Central and Peripheral in Croatian Grammar)

  • Author(s):Ivo Pranjković, Lada Badurina
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:19-30
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:central; peripheral; number; aspect; case; imperativeness; tense; word class
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper we focus on what is central and what is peripheral in the grammatical structure of the Croatian language, in particular on the grammatical categories of number, aspect and word classes. With respect to the category of number, the relationship between singular and plural is central, while the periphery consists of other ways of expressing quantity relations (number as a word class, collectiveness, substantivity). With respect to the category of aspect, the opposition imperfective – perfective is central, while the periphery consists of Aktionsart. With respect to word classes, the basic word classes are central, while the periphery consists of hybrid forms and/or hybrid word classes (e.g. participles, infinitive, gerunds, pronominal adjectives and pronominal adverbs, etc.). Finally, we will discuss the central and the peripheral in phonology and semantics (as peripheral areas in relation to grammar).
Gramatička kompetencija na periferiji standardnoga jezika

Gramatička kompetencija na periferiji standardnoga jezika
(Grammatical Competence at the Periphery of the Standard Language)

  • Author(s):Ana Mikić Čolić, Vesna Bjedov
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Education, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:31-45
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:grammatical competence; teacher trainees of Croatian; standard language
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper addresses deviations from the standard language norm on the grammatical level. Although it is expected of teachers of Croatian to display the highest degree of competence at all levels of language (description), an analysis of essays written by trainee teachers of Croatian at the licence examination revealed a deviation from the standard language norm. The paper uses a corpus of 90 essays to analyse the incorrect use of conjunctions budući (da) and jer, s obzirom na to da, kako… tako, followed by the preposition kroz, the change of government relations of the verb koristiti (se), as well as the non-normative spelling of Future I tense when the enclitic follows the verb ending in -ti, and the position of the enclitic within the sentence. The paper objective is to define the reasons and frequency of such deviations and using the cognitive model of grammatical competence, we will ascertain if the deviations are exclusively mistakes or we can speak of doublets or even linguistic changes.
Boje na rubovima hrvatskog jezika

Boje na rubovima hrvatskog jezika
(The Colors at the Margins of Croatian Language)

  • Author(s):Zrinka Jelaska
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:46-66
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:color names; Croatian language; marginal members
  • Summary/Abstract:The group of words used to denote colors is one of the most open lexical areas of Croatian, and probably other languages of Western civilization, perhaps even the most open because in this area the names are multiplied almost monthly, if not more often. The paper discusses whether all words, i.e. units, which in the Croatian language and culture denote colors in the extralinguistic world, belong to the category of ‘Croatian color names’. In order to determine the boundaries of that lexical area, several features of the color names that can be considered marginal are listed. Some colors are marginal as they are words of languages that are simply taken into Croatian, temporarily or in a certain context, e.g. aubergine. Others are intercultural, but also interlingual phenomena, such as bianca white. Given today’s marketing and the presence of global trade, this whole category is possibly marginal. Are the colors on the margins of the Croatian language along with all future words marked on products offered to Croatian speakers, regardless of which language they belong to, or will this belong to code switching, making the switching a margin, or beyond the margin of Croatian color names? Are (all) words denoting color in the Croatian language names of colors in Croatian, Croatian color names or Croatian color terms?
Hrvatsko rječotvorje na društvenim mrežama

Hrvatsko rječotvorje na društvenim mrežama
(Croatian Word Formation on Social Networks)

  • Author(s):Tatjana Pišković
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Media studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:67-94
  • No. of Pages:28
  • Keywords:neosemanticism; lexical loan words; abbreviations; social networks; instant messaging services
  • Summary/Abstract:Since the first decade of the 21st century, when social networks have become a part of everyday life, socially-oriented activities of Internet users have been on the continual rise. By creating a profile on social networks, Internet users cease to be passive Internet content and information consumers, but rather turn into creators, who shape a dynamic space of new media by virtue of their activities and personal contribution. One of the most significant areas in which social network users introduce numerous changes and innovative contents is most certainly communication and language practices. Each and every social network most often ground their recognizability on a fixed set of communication genres available to their members and in that way determine how the members are going to communicate with each other. This has made all the polyfunctional languages, Croatian among them, respond with a rather swift expansion of the existing vocabulary. In my paper, I will be presenting most productive word formation methods in which Croatian language makes up for social networks lexical gaps and shapes the communication style on social networks and instant messaging services. The first is a semantic loan from the English or neosemanticism word formation (e.g. profil, prijatelj, status, zid, dodati, blokirati, notifikacija); the second is a lexical loan word (e.g. lajkati, postati, šerati, atendati, hejtati, trolati, folover, selfi), and the third is creation of abbreviations (pozz, nezz, bmk, jbt, dns, fkt). Emergence of this new and abundant lexical layer in Croatian language requires from us to register a number of new entry units in general dictionaries of Croatian language.
Croatian Blends in the 1980s („Feral’s” First 10 Years)

Croatian Blends in the 1980s („Feral’s” First 10 Years)
(Croatian Blends in the 1980s („Feral’s” First 10 Years))

  • Author(s):Ivan Marković
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Croatian Literature, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:95-124
  • No. of Pages:30
  • Keywords:(lexical) blends; (lexical) blending; overlapping; Croatian; Ivica Bednjanec; „Feral Tribune”
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper is a report on the yet unreaserched corpus of Croatian blends collected from the first ten yearly volumes of the satirical weekly Feral or Feral Tribune. Basic formal characteristics of the blends are further expounded. Three findings are brought forward. Firstly, blends were rare in Feral until 1989, when they became very frequent, and equal in form and content to blends in subsequent Feral Tribune. Secondly, in the 1980s there were more blends in the weekly Nedjeljna Dalmacija than in Feral, which was a supplement to Nedjeljna Dalmacija; this gives us a better idea of the general pulse of Croatian blending in the 1980s. Thirdly, comics author Ivica Bednjanec remains, as far as we know, the most prolific blend-maker of the decade. The following was established regarding semantic and formal characteristics of the blends in Feral. First, 80% of a total of 210 blends are nouns. Second, 46% of blends consist of a name as one of their components. In 61% of cases, the name is the first blend component. Third, a relatively large number of blends have the acronym (13%) as one of their components. In 69% of cases, the acronym is the first blend component. Fourth, the first blend component tends to be somewhat shorter in general. The ratio of the number of syllables in the analyzed corpus is 1.00 : 1.18. Fifth, there are extremely few blends with a simultaneous clipping of the ending of the first and the beginning of the second component. The blends of the analyzed corpus are based on the overlapping of the same phonetic material of the first and the second components.
Figure bjelina

Figure bjelina
(Figures of Spacing)

  • Author(s):Nikola Košćak
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Stylistics
  • Page Range:125-160
  • No. of Pages:36
  • Keywords:graphostylistics; figures of writing; figures of spacing
  • Summary/Abstract:Stylistics and rhetoric have always neglected stylogenic procedures associated with the writing level of the language message, procedures based on manipulating the spacing between the words remaining peripheral even in one of the most elaborate overviews of the figures of writing, that of the German rhetorician H. F. Plett, who displays a series of procedures the basis of which is playing of graphemes (or graphs), punctuation and spelling signs. The method of this research will be inspired by the research of Plett, who divides and defines the graphemic figures (as he calls the processes known as figures of writing) by the addition, subtraction, permutation, substitution and equivalence of individual elements of the writing. According to these operations, five subtypes of these figures will be identified and exemplified: the addition, subtraction, permutation, substitution and equivalence figures of spacing, depending on whether any conventional record is modified by adding, omission or displacement of spacing, by replacing spacing with any other means of writing, or about whether any equivalence of the methods of manipulating the spacing between the word within a record is shown. The corpus consists of examples from the Croatian advertising, journalistic and literary discourse, also including examples from other contexts, in order to address the omnipresence of these figures in contemporary culture.
Periferija i margina – značenja i konteksti

Periferija i margina – značenja i konteksti
(Periphery and Margin – Meanings and Contexts)

  • Author(s):Paulina Pycia-Košćak
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Semantics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:161-173
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:periphery; margin; semantics; contextualisation
  • Summary/Abstract:The article explores semantics and the use of two lexemes: periphery and margin. Both lexemes in dictionaries are explicitly or implicitly defined in opposition to the center and denote the surface, the area, the space that is away from it, which is ‘outside’. The first part analyzes their definitions in Croatian language dictionaries, primary and secondary meanings and similarities and differences in meanings. The second part covers the study of contexts in which they have been recorded and the correspondence of lexical meaning with a specified situation. The analyzed lexemes have similar range of meaning, so the article also questions their possible substitutability. Both lexemes are of foreign origin and in the original languages they refer to neutral categories, they have a denotative meaning. However, in the Croatian language, they also have a secondary, marked meaning, therefore the research takes into account (in)direct evaluation that indicates how these lexemes work in the mind of language user. The searching covers the problem of their marking and tries to answer the question whether they are always stigmatized as a negative sign of concepts that indicate what Croatian phrases can suggest (for example to be on / at the periphery of something, to be on the margins) or they can also be relied to positive features and affirm certain phenomena. The analysis is carried out on examples from the Croatian Language Corpus and the Croatian National Corpus, which allowed an overview of different types of discourses and texts.
Dijalekti i jezični varijeteti u hrvatskom medijskom prostoru

Dijalekti i jezični varijeteti u hrvatskom medijskom prostoru
(Dialects and Language Varieties in the Croatian Media)

  • Author(s):Ivančica Banković-Mandić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Media studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:174-186
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:media; Croatian standard; dialects; idioms
  • Summary/Abstract:The Croatian media (television, radio, film, theater, etc.) in the last twenty years has seen an increase in a number of dialects and various language varieties which were considered in the former Yugoslavia peripheral, although the most popular television series in former Yugoslavia were those in dialect such as: Gruntovčani, Naše malo misto, Velo misto, Prosjaci i sinovi, etc. There are many professional and scientific papers that deal with the question – what is the Croatian standard language and who are the spoken models of the Croatian standard language? Television announcers and speakers of public television and announcers of central information broadcasts of commercial television are the closest to the standard speech described by the normative manuals of Croatian language. According to audience perception, standard speech in films and theater performances are rated as artificial. Today, in television shows of different topics (music, culinary, travel and so on) authors and guests use their local idioms. In films and theaters, we can hear spoken language (nonstandard). Modern Croatian music texts also could be in dialects and idioms of certain cities and regions. Foreign cartoons are regularly synchronized in Croatian using dialects according to stereotypes ‒ seagulls speak Chakavian dialect; good, naive, and traditional characters speak Shtokavian, also stubborn characters speak Shtokavian dialect (ikavica) – often similar to the one spoken in the Dalmatian Hinterland; unintelligent characters use Kajkavian variants; urban characters speak Zagrebian Kajkavian, etc. Participants on different portals mostly write in their local idioms. The paper focuses on the current promotion of local idioms in the Croatian media space in comparison to globalization in the European media space (why the Polish Lolek and Bolek became Jim and Jam?).
Tvorbeni oblici etnika otoka Brača

Tvorbeni oblici etnika otoka Brača
(Formation of Demonyms of the Island of Brač)

  • Author(s):Josip Lasić, Magdalena Nigoević
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:187-200
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:demonyms; formation of demonyms; dialect; local speech of island Brač
  • Summary/Abstract:The term demonym (cro. etnik) is used in the Croatian linguistic bibliography to denote „the name of a person (a male or a female) living or having origins in an inhabited place (oyconym), region, country, state and continent“ (Babić, 1976: 145). Previous researches on the formation of demonyms in the standard (Barić, 1997; Silić and Pranjković, 2005) and some regional varieties (Šimunović, 2006; Čilaš Šimpraga and Kurtović Budja, 2009) of the Croatian language suggest that they are most frequently formed by the means of suffixation. Namely, 86 suffixes for male and 21 suffixes for female gender have been identified in the standard Croatian language. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse a corpus of demonyms of the Central Dalmatian island Brač. The corpus is a result of a field research conducted in September 2018 and March 2019. The research shows that there are 22 inhabited places on the island of Brač whose names were used to obtain about forty demonyms for each gender. For the purposes of this paper, they were subsequently recorded, verified, listed and analysed in terms of the type of their formation. Since the analysis of demonym formation revealed instances of multi-layered language variation, this paper will present some special features of local speeches recorded directly on the spot through the examples of interesting types of formation of demonyms for both genders. The aim of this paper is, therefore, two-fold: to preserve the demonyms from oblivion (since some of the places on the islands of Brač may soon be abandoned and uninhabited), and to systematize the demonyms of Brač in line with the models of demonym formation established for the standard Croatian language.
Tematski rječnici kao nastavno sredstvo u p(r)oučavanju jezika

Tematski rječnici kao nastavno sredstvo u p(r)oučavanju jezika
(Thematic Dictionaries in Language Teaching)

  • Author(s):Ljudmila Vasiljeva
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Education, Foreign languages learning, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:203-215
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:educational dictionary; thematic dictionary; dictionary compilation; vocabulary organization; Ukrainian-Croatian dictionary
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this article is to present the methodological status of the dictionary in the process of learning/teaching other Slavic languages and to determine the features of the bilingual thematic educational Ukrainian-Croatian dictionary. Dictionaries play an important role in the development of national culture and in the supporting and improving a particular native language. During the thirty-year period of independence both Croatia and Ukraine can boast only a small amount of Croatian and Ukrainian lexicographic editions that could simultaneously apply to Croatian and Ukrainian. The important role of vocabulary in learning a foreign language does not require any comments. In fact it is generally accepted in teaching methods, which means that dictionary, as well as textbook, are necessary means in the teaching process. Noting and grouping words in dictionary also has a fairly long history. The alphabetical order of lexical units is traditional and commonly accepted in the world lexicography. Hence, thematic and ideographic lexicography are supposed to be alternatives to alphabetic lexicography.
Središnje i rubno u poučavanju hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika

Središnje i rubno u poučavanju hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika
(What is Crucial and What is Minor in the Teaching of Croatian as a Foreign Language)

  • Author(s):Sanda Lucija Udier, Milvia Gulešić Machata
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Education, Foreign languages learning, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:216-234
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:Croatian as a foreign language; foreign language teaching; teaching progression; syllabi
  • Summary/Abstract:Teaching Croatian as a foreign language (CFL) significantly differs from the teaching of Croatian as a first language, and the differences arise from the fact that it is intended for different recipients, and that it most often takes place in substantially different contexts. This dissimilarity is largely reflected in the choice of learning materials in the approach to teaching and the progression of teaching, most notably in distinguishing what is considered crucial in teaching from what is considered minor. This paper presents the distribution of teaching materials in terms of those which are considered crucial in the teaching of CFL, and those which are considered minor. Crucial content is considered to be anything that encourages the development of communication competence, i.e. productive grammar, the semantics of grammatical forms, the lexicon of different styles and registers which are involved in everyday communication, as well as paralinguistic content, while minor content is considered to be standardized-prescriptivist questions and disputes, accentuation (except regarding the place of stress), as well as everything that requires the introduction of the metalevel in the teaching of language. In addition to that it is important to bear in mind that this is not a matter of „either … or,“ but rather a gradient distribution along a scale, which largely depends on the degree of linguistic competence at which the teaching takes place, the context of instruction, and the purpose for which CFL is studied. This means that the assessment of whether instructional content is crucial or minor in teaching is made on the basis of the different circumstances in which the teaching takes place – for example whether it is an academic program or course, whether general language or a specialized type of language is being taught, whether the teaching takes place in a program with a large number of lessons or a few, what level of linguistic competence is involved, whether the teachers are with linguistically homogenous or heterogenous groups of learners, what the learning outcomes are, and so on. In comparison with teaching Croatian as a first language, the teaching of CFL is very different and the approach to its instruction is specific, and therefore requires special training and specialization.
Slobodni diktat u nastavi hrvatskoga jezika u srednjim strukovnim školama

Slobodni diktat u nastavi hrvatskoga jezika u srednjim strukovnim školama
(Free Dictation in Teaching the Croatian Language in Secondary Vocational Schools)

  • Author(s):Josip Miletić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Education, South Slavic Languages, Vocational Education, Accounting - Business Administration, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:235-268
  • No. of Pages:34
  • Keywords:Croatian language; teaching; sector of economy; trade and business administration; free dictation; vocational education
  • Summary/Abstract:Free dictation still remains a neglected type of dictation in Croatian schools, although researchers of methodics pointed to its useful use in teaching the Croatian language back in the 1960s. Based on the results of a field research, this paper will show the possibility of a convenient use of free dictation exercises in teaching Croatian in secondary vocational schools related to the sectors of economy, trade and business administration (economist, business secretary, administrative referent, commercialist). The exercises were performed by reproducing the tone record. The results of the research point to the multiple usefulness of free dictation exercises in teaching Croatian in secondary schools in the economy, trade and business administration sector. It is suitable for correlation with the contents of a number of vocational subjects (Office Automation, Communication Technique, Computer Dactylography, Modern Communication in Economy, Administrative Procedure, Office Business and Correspondence, Secretarial Correspondence, Computer Dactylography with Office Practice). Additionally, it develops practical skills important to experts from this sector in carrying out their everyday activities and tasks, while due to the interdisciplinary and multimedia approach, it is also interesting to students, thus enabling a motivational effect.
Semantičko-sintaktičke osobine perifernih glagola osjetilne percepcije u hrvatskom jeziku

Semantičko-sintaktičke osobine perifernih glagola osjetilne percepcije u hrvatskom jeziku
(Semantic and Syntactic Characteristics of Peripheral Verbs of Sensory Perception in Croatian)

  • Author(s):Ana Samardžić, Ninoslav Radaković
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Education, Syntax, Semantics, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:269-286
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:peripheral; verbs of sensory perception; Croatian
  • Summary/Abstract:The subject of the paper is the semantic and syntactic description of the peripheral verbs of sensory perception in the Croatian language. Peripherality refers to the occurrence of these verbs with different semantic features, which makes some of them function as hyperonyms of the verbs of sensory perception, some may refer to all types of perception, but also create connections with other semantic fields. The analysis is based on componential analysis and cognitive linguistics, and the predicate-argument structure of those verbs is also presented. The aim of the paper is to show that these verbs have a wider range of meanings and thus greater possibilities in usage than dictionaries suggest within lexicographic description.
Verbo-nominalne kolokacije kao periferni pojam u hrvatskim rječnicima

Verbo-nominalne kolokacije kao periferni pojam u hrvatskim rječnicima
(Verb-Nominal Collocations as a Peripheral Issue in Croatian Dictionaries)

  • Author(s):Magdalena Baer
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Education, Lexis, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:287-295
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:collocations; dictionary entries; Croatian dictionaries; standard Croatian language; lexicography
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the paper is to indicate the status of the peripheral representation of verb-nominal collocations in Croatian monolingual dictionaries. After the analysis, it is evident that dictionaries and language portals do not record collocations as separate lexicographic units. Collocations appear only in the entries of individual lexemes that form a particular collocation, which is also not consistent, as there is no systematically implemented rule as to whether collocation should be listed next to the collocator or collocate. The absence of certain rules for recording collocations is a problem for people learning Croatian as a foreign language and for translators who need to quickly find the meaning of the required language problem. The problem of recording collocations can be solved by publishing a collocation dictionary of the Croatian language in digital or printed form.
Chorwacki przyimek protiv i jego polskie ekwiwalenty tłumaczeniowe

Chorwacki przyimek protiv i jego polskie ekwiwalenty tłumaczeniowe
(Croatian protiv preposition and its Polish translation equivalents)

  • Author(s):Sybilla Daković
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Education, Morphology, Western Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:296-318
  • No. of Pages:23
  • Keywords:prepositions; cases; translation equivalence; Croatian language; Polish language
  • Summary/Abstract:The Croatian protiv preposition is a rare preposition with a complementary genitive case government. Although lexicographical sources note the spatial and non-spatial meanings of this preposition, empirical studies only confirm the meanings from the abstract domain of adversativeness, i.e. expressing the opposite position, contradiction, disagreement with something, limiting, counteracting or protecting against something. The task that we set for ourselves in this work is to determine the resource of the Polish translation equivalents of the Croatian protiv preposition. The analysis will be carried out on a parallel corpus excerpted from contemporary Croatian literature written in 20th and 21st centuries and respective Polish translations. The work will use the method of translation equivalence, belonging to comparative linguistics methodology.The study will consist of two parts. The first part will determine the meanings of the protiv preposition present in the built corpus and the right and left side environment of this preposition will be examined. The second part will be dedicated to equivalence. A resource of Polish equivalents will be presented and their lexical, grammatical and semantic features will be determined. Similarities and differences in the expression of similar content in both languages will be indicated and an attempt will be made to determine the translator’s selection of factors for individual equivalents, e.g. in the form of limitations in the right and left side environment, shade of meaning or stylistic value. The statistical analysis will be an important element of the study, which in addition to the semantic characteristics will help determine the main Polish equivalent of the Croatian protiv preposition. The conducted study can be used in the lexicographic practice, didactics and translation.
Hrvatski jezik u Bosni i Hercegovini – život na rubu (egzistencija i perspektive)

Hrvatski jezik u Bosni i Hercegovini – život na rubu (egzistencija i perspektive)
(The Croatian Language in Bosnia and Herzegovina – Life on the Edge (Existence and Perspectives))

  • Author(s):Matijas Baković
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:321-337
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:Croatian language; Bosnia and Herzegovina; standardisation; perifery; existence; perspective
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper will consider the position of the Croatian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina and attempt to answer the question whether Croats living in Bosnia and Herzegovina should be using Standard Croatian as prescribed by the authorities in Zagreb or if they should insist upon their own peculiarities resulting from specific social and political circumstances as well as a hundred years of separation from the homeland. What position should be taken with regards to numerous words of Turkish, Arabic and Persian origin making up the vocabulary of Croats living in Bosnia and Herzegovina, considering the wide variety of words of German, Italian and Hungarian origin characteristic of the language spoken in different parts of Croatia? There are those who believe that the Croatian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina should and must be separate in some of its language solutions from the Croatian language as standardised by the authorities in Zagreb. They subscribe to the view that the Croatian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the Croats themselves, are systematically neglected by the homeland, being used only for political point-scoring. On the other hand, the University of Mostar is the only university in Bosnia and Herzegovina teaching in the Croatian language as prescribed by the authorities in Croatia, invoking the unity of the Croatian people and language used by all Croats, regardless of their country of residence. The paper will try and clarify which position is the correct one, whether there can be only one correct position or the solution for Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina lies in a different direction.
Jezično stanje Hrvata u Mađarskoj – periferno istraživačko pitanje?

Jezično stanje Hrvata u Mađarskoj – periferno istraživačko pitanje?
(The Linguistic State of Croats in Hungary – Peripheral Research Questions)

  • Author(s):Timea Bockovac
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:338-348
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:sociolinguistics; language politics; language rights; bilingualism; Croats in Hungary
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper is address to the current state of the language of the Croatian national minority in Hungary, which is one of 13 autochthonous groups with rights granted by the constitution. Within this matter the correlation of official (state) and minority (Croatian) language politics is observed in the context of language rights, which primarily highlights supporting first language dominance and balancing bilingualism. The status of the Croatian minority today (2020) is regulated by legal directives and the most important issue is related to education (for instance, taking over institutions and publishing textbooks). However, there is a great need for sociolinguistic research on a macro level regarding cognitive linguistic representation. Applying results of such research is necessary for analyses of linguistic impacts, measuring the development of diglossia, and respectively for describing linguistic reality intertwined with identity that leads to the process of language planning.
Najbliższe peryferie języka chorwackiego i cywilizacji: Chorwacka diaspora w Trieście

Najbliższe peryferie języka chorwackiego i cywilizacji: Chorwacka diaspora w Trieście
(The Closest Peripheries of the Croatian Language and Civilization: the Croatian Diaspora in Trieste)

  • Author(s):Mieczysław Dziekoński
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:349-355
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:linguistics; language borders; diaspora of Trieste
  • Summary/Abstract:Modern-day Trieste keeps following its tradition by maintaining its status of a border city for the Roman and Slavic civilization. For the new Croatian settlers who began to play an essential role from XIX century onwards the city was a window to the world and an attractive place for the contact with the European civilization. As the Croatian diaspora had to make difficult experiences in the 20th century as well as socio-political changes after 1990, especially on the Balkan Peninsula (the fall of communist regimes, the establishment of new structures of the European Union) substantially changed the relationship between Croats and Italians.
O vektorskom čitanju pismovnoga sustava Konstantina Ćirila

O vektorskom čitanju pismovnoga sustava Konstantina Ćirila
(On Vectorial Reading of Constantine Cyril’s (Azbuka) Script)

  • Author(s):Milica Lukić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Cultural history, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:359-370
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Constantine Cyril; Azbuka; Glagolitic; vectorial reading; matrix; number
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents and interprets Constantine Cyril’s script – his Glagolitic Azbuka – from the perspective of the number, i.e. in the matrix form. The matrix interpretation implies an arrangement of letters in columns and rows, i.e. vectors, whereby vectors mean one-column matrices. Such an arrangement of ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands expressed in letters establishes new meaning relations within that script and offers its new reading as a philosophical-symbolic medium. This medium, the vectorial reading shows, demonstrates with itself the purpose of Christianisation intended for it in the 9th century, and not just with the texts realised by it; this script (even today) teaches faith in the triune Christian God – the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, the Word that has become the body and the Letter as the evangelical message and will of the Incarnate Word.
Glagoljaška djelatnost na zapadnoj periferiji

Glagoljaška djelatnost na zapadnoj periferiji
(Glagolitic Activity in the West Periphery)

  • Author(s):Sanja Zubčić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:371-397
  • No. of Pages:27
  • Keywords:Glagolitism; Glagolitic script in Italy; Glagolitic script in Slovenia; language
  • Summary/Abstract:The Glagolitic space refers to the area where in the Middle Ages or the Early Modern Period the Glagolitic script was used in texts of different genres and on different surfaces, and/or where the liturgy was held in Croatian Church Slavonic, adopting a positive and affirmative attitude towards Glagolitism. In line with known historical and social circumstances, Glagolitism developed on Croatian soil, more intensely on its southern, especially south-western part (Istria, Northern Croatian Littoral, Lika, northern Dalmatia and adjacent islands). Glagolitism was also thriving in the western periphery of that space, in today’s Slovenia and Italy, leading to the discovery and description of different Glagolitic works. It is the latter, their structure and language, that will be the subject of this paper. Starting from the thesis that innovations in language develop radially, i.e. starting from the center and spreading towards the periphery, it is possible to assume that in the western Glagolitic periphery some more archaic dialectal features will be confirmed among the elements of the vernacular. It is important that these monuments were created and used in an area where the majority language is not Croatian, so the influence of foreign language elements or other ways of expressing multilingualism can be expected. The paper will outline the Glagolitic activity in the abovementioned space and the works preserved therein. In order to determine the differences between Glagolitic works originating from the peripheral and central Glagolitic space, the type and structure of Glagolitic inscriptions and manuscripts from Slovenia and Italy will also be analysed, especially with respect to potential periphery-specific linguistic features. Special attention is paid to the analysis of selected isoglosses in the Notebook or Register of the Brotherhood of St. Anthony the Abbot from San Dorligo della Valle.
Jezično jedinstvo i stilska razvedenost hrvatskih protestantskih tekstova 16. stoljeća

Jezično jedinstvo i stilska razvedenost hrvatskih protestantskih tekstova 16. stoljeća
(Linguistic Unity and Stylistic Diversity of the 16th Century Croatian Protestant Texts)

  • Author(s):Tanja Kuštović
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Cultural history, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Croatian Literature, South Slavic Languages, 16th Century, Biblical studies, Stylistics
  • Page Range:398-410
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Protestants; verbs; Spovid; the New Testament
  • Summary/Abstract:In the 16th century, the Croatian Protestant authors at Urach printed the texts in Glagolitic, Cyrillic and Latin script, in an effort to reach a wider audience. One of those texts is Spovid i spoznanie prave krsztianske vere, translated in 1564 by Antun Dalmatin and Stipan Konzul, and published in Glagolitic and Latin script. That literary work is the translation of the critical edition of The Augsburg Confession written by Philipp Melanchthon. It is a non-liturgical text divided into two parts: the first part contains 21 printed articles or „artikul“ and the second one consists of longer articles on religion, good deeds, bad habits, etc. The previous research of Croatian Protestant texts was principally centred on the study of the New Testament, while only recently have non-liturgical Protestant texts come under scientific scrutiny. It has already been known that the languages of liturgical and non-liturgical texts differ, the former having considerably more Old Church Slavonic features. In this paper I am going to study linguistic, primarily morphological features in the text not previously linguistically processed (Spovid i spoznanie prave krsztianske vere), and compare them to the New Testament linguistic features. The findings will help me establish the extent of variety between the language of non-liturgical and liturgical Protestant texts published by Croatian Protestants in the same period.
Kontaktna sinonimija u glagoljskim rukopisima zadarskoga kraja iz 17. i 18. stoljeća

Kontaktna sinonimija u glagoljskim rukopisima zadarskoga kraja iz 17. i 18. stoljeća
(Contact Synonymity in the Glagolitic Manuscripts of Zadar Region of the 17th and 18th Centuries)

  • Author(s):Ivica Vigato
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Cultural history, Other Language Literature, South Slavic Languages, 17th Century, 18th Century
  • Page Range:411-421
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:contact synonymity; Glagolitic manuscripts; 17th and 18th centuries; Zadar region
  • Summary/Abstract:It is known that contact synonymity, as an instrument of bypassing dialectical discrepancies, was frequently present in older Croatian writings. In this work the author is discovering examples of contact synonymity in glagolitic manuscripts of Zadar region of the 17th and 18th centuries which belong to administrative functional style. With them it was endeavoured to overcome uneven terminology which was, on the one hand, understandable to the inhabitants of the area where the records were noted or referred and, on the other hand, understandable to the officials of the institutions who were controlling, approving and referring those records. Namely, in the consciousness of the clerks there existed the model, the template of writing synonyms in contact, which was certainly seen in some older codices which those clerks were using in texts of different contents and purposes. That is why, the author concludes, the use of contact synonymity is so firmly interwoven in the foundation of the Croatian language.
Zoolingvistička analiza poslovica u časopisu hrvatskog društva za zaštitu životinja „Živobran” na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće

Zoolingvistička analiza poslovica u časopisu hrvatskog društva za zaštitu životinja „Živobran” na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće
(Zoolinguistic Analysis of Proverbs in the Journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals „Živobran“ at the Turn of the 19th And 20th Centuries)

  • Author(s):Lidija Bakota
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Cultural history, Applied Linguistics, Croatian Literature, South Slavic Languages, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Phraseology
  • Page Range:422-435
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:zoolinguistics; paremiology; journal „Živobran“
  • Summary/Abstract:A proverb is a concise, structurally complete saying formed as a reflection of a life experience or a speaker’s wisdom within a certain socio-cultural space. Based on tradition, in other words, on extralinguistic, real and concrete experience of a speaker, proverbs, through their constant use, become a constituent of collective experience and assume general meanings. Therefore, they serve an important didactic and moral-educational function in the language of the community. The paper explores the representation of proverbs (wise sayings) in the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals „Živobran“ (1894–1904). The analyzed corpus consists of proverbs whose subject is most frequently an animal, or a human and their relationship towards animal world. The analysis of zoonymic paremiology will raise moral-ethical issues, such as speciesism and empathy, in the context of cultural zoology and biethics. Zoonymic paremiology on the pages of „Živobran,“ the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals reveals historical-cultural cognitions on animal world of Croats at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
O hrvatskoj ikavskoj jezičnoj tradiciji u prosudbi izvandomovinske jezikoslovne kroatistike

O hrvatskoj ikavskoj jezičnoj tradiciji u prosudbi izvandomovinske jezikoslovne kroatistike
(Croatian Ikavian Tradition as Seen by Croatian Linguists Living Abroad)

  • Author(s):Vice Šunjić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Cultural history, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:436-456
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:Novoštokavian Ikavian; Croatian linguistics abroad; Croatian linguists living abroad
  • Summary/Abstract:The idea of Novoštokavian Ikavian as the basis for Croatian literary language appeared in the works of Croatian linguists from abroad in the mid-1950s. The same idea was promoted by certain Croatian linguists as early as mid-18th century, in the period of Croatian language standardisation, when Ikavian was the most dominant among Croatian speeches. The same goes for 19th century, when usage of Novoštokavian Ikavian served as a distinctive feature between the western (Croatian, Ikavian) and eastern (Serbian, Ekavian) speeches. The architect of such a solution was Petar Tutavac Bilić, a Croatian linguist living abroad, together with his associates gathered around the magazine „Svitlenik“. This paper deals with works by Tutavac Bilić in which he tried to initiate changes with regard to the basis of the Croatian literary language. This paper will discuss Tutavac’s works, with which he tried to influence the change of the standard linguistic basis of the Croatian literary language, as well as the works of Croatian linguists living abroad who strongly opposed such a form of linguistic radicalism.
Hrvatski jezikoslovci i bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz

Hrvatski jezikoslovci i bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz
(Croatian Linguists and the bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz)

  • Author(s):Krešimir Mićanović
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Cultural history, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Phraseology
  • Page Range:457-481
  • No. of Pages:25
  • Keywords:language policy; Bosnia and Herzegovina; bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz
  • Summary/Abstract:During the period of socialist Yugoslavia, the linguistic standard used in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the six republics constituting the multinational federation at the time, found itself on the periphery of linguists’ interest. Up until the mid-1960s, Bosnia and Herzegovina itself occupied only a loosely marginal position in the language policy field where the central positions had been granted to Croatian and Serbian linguists, i.e. their respective cultural institutions – Matica hrvatska (Zagreb) and Matica srpska (Novi sad), as per the agreements reached at the 1954 meeting in Novi Sad. This paper presents an analysis of the language policy context in the late 1960s and early 1970s in Bosnia and Herzegovina, when the government of the federal republic lent its support to the shaping of an autonomous language policy according to which the language standard of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims, Serbs and Croats was identified as bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz, „a distinct and specific aspect of the Serbo-Croatian i.e. Croato-Serbian standard language used in Bosnia and Herzegovina“. Special attention in the paper is paid to (polemical) texts by Croatian linguists concerning the language and variants used by Croats, Serbs, Montenegrins and Muslims in which the language standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina is explicitly taken into account. The analysis of texts published during the period shows, on the one hand, that Croatian linguists bemoan the eclipse of typical Croatian lexis in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s public use of language but are, on the other hand, disposed to identify the Bosnian-Herzegovinian language standard as a distinct variant.
Labin ili izvedba undergrounda kao jedan od modusa otpora izolaciji/periferiji

Labin ili izvedba undergrounda kao jedan od modusa otpora izolaciji/periferiji
(Labin, or Underground Performance as a Mode of Resistance to Isolation, Periphery)

  • Author(s):Suzana Marjanić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Architecture, Sociology, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure , Rural and urban sociology
  • Page Range:485-497
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Labin Art Express; project Underground City XXI; anthropology of mining; Katowice; periphery as a mode of resistance
  • Summary/Abstract:Using the example of the town of Labin in Istria, I demonstrate how isolation, the so-called periphery, can also serve as an expression of resistance in a cultural niche. The collective Labin Art Express (L.A.E., initiated by Dean Zahtila, late Krešimir Farkaš, Graziano Kršić) is the initiator of the fundamental L.A.E. project Underground City XXI ‒ independent underground Labin cultural city as an alternative to the existing above-ground, heteronomous Labin, i.e. the creation of a real city 150 m below the earth’s surface ‒ in underground halls and tunnels, carved in solid rock, connecting Labin, Raša, Plomin and Rabac, with streets, bars, galleries, swimming pools, playgrounds for children, shops, restaurants, the Museum of Mining and Industry of Istria. Thereby we can compare Labin in terms of urbanity and anthropology with the town of Katowice, which in 2018 was selected to host the most significant UN Climate Change Conference, following the 2015 Paris Agreement. Katowice were chosen as one of Europe’s most polluted sites due to the exploitation of coal i.e. the transition of the aforementioned town from a mining and industrial site to a modern industrial, economical, technological and cultural centre.
Utjecaj interpretacija pojma periferijske umjetnosti Ljube Karamana i Miroslava Krleže na dalmatinsku povijesti umjetnosti

Utjecaj interpretacija pojma periferijske umjetnosti Ljube Karamana i Miroslava Krleže na dalmatinsku povijesti umjetnosti
(Impact of the Interpretations of a Notion „Peripheral Art“ in the Works of Ljubo Karaman and Miroslav Krleža in Dalmatian Art History)

  • Author(s):Ivana Prijatelj Pavičić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Sociology, Croatian Literature, Culture and social structure , History of Art
  • Page Range:498-510
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Ljubo Karaman; Miroslav Krleža; the notion of the peripheral art
  • Summary/Abstract:Although the so-called „Vienna school“ practised an universalist approach to history of arts, their prominent acters like Alois Riegel and Max Dvořák influenced the nationalist ideas among the Central European art historians in the interwar period. An evident example of such an influence is Croatian art historian Ljubo Karaman (1886‒1971) ‒ a Vienna student who studied the art relations between center and periphery from early 1930s on. His thoughts on this topic were collected in his 1963 book Problemi periferijske umjetnosti. O djelovanju domaće sredine u umjetnosti hrvatskih krajeva (Problems of Peripheral Art. On Influence of Local Surrounding on the Art of the Croatian Areas). Colonial character of the Karaman’s definition of the center/periphery relation is clear in his notion that the dissemination and assimilation of the artistic styles is always one-way: from developed center to the province. His definition of „peripheral art“ appeared as a reaction to the works of famous „Vienna school“ scholars from early 20th century (particularly Polish-Austrian art historian Strzygowski). It is based on the idea of external, political and artistic influences in Dalmatia as external forces of artistic exchange. A prominent writer and encyclopaedist Miroslav Krleža turned upside-down the idea of the artistic transfer from the advanced West toward underdeveloped East/Balkans as a periphery at the edge of civilisation. In his discussion on the Second Congress of writers in Zagreb he promoted the idea of the periphery as a true center. During 1950s, Krleža strongly influenced the formation of a new cultural paradigm, and forging of the new scientific paradigm within art history in Croatia. In her paper, the author explores how texts of the Croatian art-history scholars regarding ancient Dalmatian art were influenced by Karaman’s and Krleža’s ideas and concepts on peripheral, provincial, and border-line art.
Lingvistički i geografski prostori u pjesništvu Delimira Rešickog

Lingvistički i geografski prostori u pjesništvu Delimira Rešickog
(Linguistics and Geographics Spaces in the Poetry Written by Delimir Rešicki)

  • Author(s):Kornelija Pinter
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Sociology, Lexis, Croatian Literature, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:511-530
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:space; water lexic; spatial relationships; Delimir Rešicki; panonnism
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper analyzes the expressions from the semantic field of water in the poetry written by Delimir Rešicki. The analysis is preceded by a review of the existing scientific approaches to space as a condition for linguistic structure from the perspectives of linguistics and phonostilistics. In the analytical part of the paper, we will try to use the listed and from the linguistic and phonetic perspectives analyzed terms from the semantic field of water to support the thesis on the conditionality of language on the living space and emphasize the integrity of the particular geographical area of Pannonia in the poetic identity of the text.
Žena u hrvatskoj migraciji stanovništva

Žena u hrvatskoj migraciji stanovništva
(Woman in Croatian Population Migration)

  • Author(s):Rebeka Mesarić Žabčić
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Culture and social structure , Migration Studies
  • Page Range:531-541
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:women immigrants; foreign migration; gender; population
  • Summary/Abstract:Migrations (generally) mean any change in the place of residence of a migrant or larger and smaller group of people. In the history of migration research, just few researches have been devoted to the research of women in the migration process, women as migrants, the values and importance of women in migrant families and the problems women migrants face in the international migratory whirlwind. The role of woman in the migration process is most often studied from the aspect of economic change in society or through the role of a girl, a wife, a sister, a mother, and together with the emigration of male family members. Different push and pull factors affect a migrant woman and her decision to move or not to move away from the environment she has recently lived in. Emigration factors can be explored, analyzed and observed on individual, family and social levels. Research on women’s mobility, the dilemma of long-standing „female invisibility“ and their formal position have set goals for the starting point of this work. The paper points to the problems and role of women in the migration process through the socio-historical dimension, provides an overview and analysis of available demographic indicators on migrant women, analytically represents selected migration theories related to migrant women, points to different forms of women migration, detects the social status migrants have in most cases in new homeland, enriches existing knowledge and reflection, opens up new perspectives and points to newer meanings of women in the migration process and opens up many new issues for further research into feminisation of migration.
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