ÚVOD
INTRODUCTION

Author(s): Not Specified Author
Subject(s): Methodology and research technology, Transport / Logistics
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: railway; transport; services; methods; introduction;
Summary/Abstract: From the economic point of view, rail transport is a very specific industry. The particularities are given by technological diversities of this transportation mode, especially by transport infrastructure burdened by substantial sunk costs, particular organisation and management of the transport, and by occurrence of economies of scale, density of transport and network effect. When they emerged, railways were being established as private enterprises whose purpose was to make profit, or as state-owned companies task of which was to provide transport services to a particular area; in both cases, however, these were established as vertically integrated companies merging both ownership and management of the infrastructure with operations on it. Reforms in railway transport which is currently taking place under supervision of European Committee in all European Union membership states, purpose of which is to revitalize this transportation mode and endorse its development, are based on the basic tool for liberalisation of the operation – actual unbundling of management of the transport route from operation on it. Execution of this vertical disintegration and securing of market conforming, equal and liberal conditions for doing business in this newly arranged market of transportation services requires that state authorities carry out a very precise regulation of and supervision over the whole industry. However, it is first necessary to learn particularities of the field and designate them correctly from the economic point of view, define necessary structure and powers of the market regulators and principles of market regulation, develop methods for detection of such principles, and possibilities of corrective measures application.

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