Kobiety na rynku pracy i w ubezpieczeniu emerytalnym
Women on the labour market and in old-age pension insurance

Author(s): Gertruda Uścińska
Subject(s): Sociology
Published by: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Keywords: women; social insurance; labour market; old-age pensions; gender gap
Summary/Abstract: Significant gender differences and disproportions often emerge in various areas of society. Women on the labour market receive, on average, lower wages, have greater difficulties in finding and keeping a job, and may encounter greater restrictions on professional advancement. The consequence of women’s situation on the labour market is that they are entitled to lower old-age pension benefits due to shorter insurance periods and lower level of contributions. This, in turn, causes, among other things, that the majority of seniors at risk of poverty are women. In the social reality, phenomena such as the ‘gender pay gap’ and the ‘gender pension gap’, as well as barriers to professional development and upwards mobility (such as ‘glass ceiling’ and ‘sticky floor’) still exist and are highly resistant to change. The study discusses these phenomena.

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