Социализм против социализма: феномен чехословацкой оппозиции после поражения Пражской весньи. 1969–1972. гг
Socialism vs. Socilaism: The Phenomenon of the Czechoslovak Opposition after the Defeat of the „Prague Spring” 1969–1972

Author(s): Ella Grigoyevna Zadorozhnyuk
Subject(s): Political history, Social history, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Historical revisionism, Cold-War History
Published by: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije
Summary/Abstract: The phenomena of the Czechoslovak opposition after collapse of the Prague Spring, genesis of its ideological and program goals in 1969-1972, when antireform part of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia began repression against the opposition, were analyzed in this article. The representatives of conservative course were victorious and the Prague Spring party’s programs and documents were canceled as „erroneous” (revisionist or opportunist). Opposition demonstrated their adherence to the democratic socialist ideas and this was the main paradox of the movement. The difference was shown within the framework of this movement and it was reflected in formation of some organization trends of the movement - The Movement of revolutionary youth (MRY), The Socialist movement of the Czechoslovak citizens (SMCC) and the Czechoslovak movement for the democratic socialism (CMDS). In general their activities were characterized in this period by double removal of the centers of the opposition’s movement - firstly, from the legal to illegal forms and secondly, from ideology of „socialism with human face” to the ideology of human rights. Confrontation between socialists (Czechoslovakia was named socialist republic) and democratic trends (including ex-communists), who composed the main part of the opposition, was fi nished after their arrests in January and political processes in summer 1972. After this, the Czechoslovak opposition began the search for the new alternatives, in which the socialist ideas did not occupy such important place and the search for new forms such as dissident movement.

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