Rodzaje kontratypów w polskim prawie karnym i specyfika ich przekładu na język rosyjski
Kinds of contratypes in Polish criminal law and the specificity of their translation into Russian

Author(s): Dariusz Gancarz
Subject(s): Language and Literature Studies, Translation Studies
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Summary/Abstract: The article is devoted to countertypes, i.e. typical situations (circumstances) which always exclude criminal lawlessness of an act, and sometimes also any other kind of lawlessness. The term ‘countertype’, used in the legal language, was coined by Vladislav Volter, who introduced this concept into the Polish criminal law. What is more, in certain legal systems this term does not exist, and the equivalent institution is called a circumstance excluding either crime or lawlessness and penalty (in Russia: oбстоятельства, исключающие преступность деяния).The article presents the classification of the countertypes in the Polish criminal law and provides brief descriptions of both legal and non‑legal examples of countertypes as well assome suggestions of how to translate them into Russian and presents the assessment of the suggested options. Additionally, the article also refers to the criminal law of the Russian Federation and the regulation related to countertypes in the Russian penal code.

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