Publisher: Centar za Sigurnosne Studije

Context Analysis of the Security Sector Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990-2009

Context Analysis of the Security Sector Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990-2009

Author(s): Denis Hadžović,Emsad Dizdarević,Damir Kapidžić / Language(s): English

Keywords: security sector Reform; High Representative for BiH; Bonn authorisations; Dayton Peace Agreement; SIPA; SFOR; EUFOR; EUPM

The first section of this context analysis aims at providing an overview of significant historical, political, social, and institutional events that influenced and shaped the security sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This information set out to serve the interested audiences as a source of information on events that influenced security sector reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This context analysis does not deal with the analysis of historical events, nor does it set out to initiate discussion over society and history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but has as its purpose to provide an insight into the significant occurrences in the recent past, and provide a better understanding of the surroundings in which security sector reform in BIH took place. Primarily, the paper shall try to determine periods or stages that have had a significant impact on SSR in BiH. At the outset, three more or less simultaneous events are examined: the downfall of communism in Eastern Europe 1989), the constitutional crisis and dissolution of the Communist Alliance and Federal Government of the SFR Yugoslavia (1989-1991), and the first multiparty elections in the constituent republics of the SFR Yugoslavia (1990). The first free multi-party elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina were held in November 1990, and can be examined as the starting stage of SSR efforts in the country. Events in the aftermath, which resulted in the emergence and framing of the security sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina, will also be analysed. Some of the prior events shall also be mentioned, with the aim of providing a better understanding of events which took place between November 1990 and December 2009, but they shall not be subjected to a detailed analysis or evaluation.

Undermining the Security Sector Institutions - Red Light for Alarm

Podrivanje institucija sektora sigurnosti – crveno svijetlo za uzbunu

Author(s): Denis Hadžović / Language(s): Bosnian

A Procedure for the Cancellation of Visas for the Citizens of Kosovo

Pokrenuti proceduru ukidanja vize za građane Kosova

Author(s): Denis Hadžović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Shengen Via; policy of conditionalities; visa-freedom for Kosovo citizens

The Initiative to amend the Law on Civil Service in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Real Foothold or Increased Political Control?

Inicijativa za izmjenu zakona o državnoj službi u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine: realno uporište ili povećana politička kontrola?

Author(s): Denis Hadžović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Civil Service;

Is there a Need for Better Security Measures in Institutions of Higher Learning- Experiences from the University of Tuzla

Is there a Need for Better Security Measures in Institutions of Higher Learning- Experiences from the University of Tuzla

Author(s): Emin Eminagić / Language(s): English

Keywords: corruption; corruption in Higher Education;

Corruption as defined by Transparency International considers the “misuse of public duty for the achievement of personal gain”, the United Nations considers corruption (definition from the UN IX Congress in Cairo in 1995) as „...any offer, promise or giving of any advantage to another person as undue consideration for performing or refraining from the performance of that person’s duty, or the soliciting or accepting of any advantage as undue consideration for performing or refraining from the performance of one’s duty.“ It is either bribery or any other act related to persons entrusted with responsibilities, aiming to influence their performance in their official duties and obtaining any improper advantage for themselves or others. This occurrence, however, in Bosnia and Herzegovina in its post-war period is ever-present in most aspects of public life ranging from high political institutions to the lowest level of institutions. One very pertinent example would be corruption in institutions of higher learning. This paper will look at some of the cases of corruption and discrimination at the University of Tuzla, followed by an analysis of the University's statute, in order to gain insight on how this issue is being regulated, and to see whether there are any mechanisms to prevent corruption, as well as to ensure the security of staff and students.

Between Humanitarian Aid and Colonialism - The Case Study of French (Non) Intervention in Iraq and Mali.

Between Humanitarian Aid and Colonialism - The Case Study of French (Non) Intervention in Iraq and Mali.

Author(s): Emin Eminagić,Viktoria Potapkina / Language(s): English

This paper is designed as a comparative case study of France’s (non) involvement in two regions – Iraq in 2003 and Mali in 2013. The time frame of ten years allows for a retrospective analysis of the possible decisions influencing French politicians to make the decision to not intervene in Iraq. The case of Mali is a rather new event and thus requires immediate attention to understand the underlying reasons for military action. Such a case study presents an intriguing opportunity for comparison. In regard to the case of the intervention in Iraq, France had immediate economic interests in the country, however, it, to this day, remains the most vocal opponent of the intervention, regardless of the fact that a large number of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members participated in one way or another in the Operation Iraqi Freedom. In the case of Mali, France does not have any apparent economic interests in the region; however, it is the only NATO state carrying out the military operation in the country unilaterally as of writing of this paper. However, it is not our intention to provide definitive answers on certain points of involvement and non-intervention, nor mark processes, but rather to provide a grassroot analysis on the case study of Mali that would potentially best explain particular aspects of theoretical implications. With the aim of presenting and analyzing two different choices of French foreign policy, this paper will make use of the tools of comparative analysis in order to construct an interpretivist case study. Academic books and articles, direct speeches of involved politicians, various economic statistical data, opinion polls, as well as United Nations (UN) Reports will be used in the analysis. It will look at theoretical ramifications as well as empirical data from relevant research institutions, using data gathered from United Nations Security Council (UNSC) reports regarding peace building in post-conflict zones as an initial starting point.

Seminar - Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Partnership for Peace

Seminar - Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Partnership for Peace

Author(s): Bisera Turković,Jozo Krizanović,Robert Mason Beecroft,George Katsirdakis,Ibrahim Spahić,Boris Shmelyov,Zsolt Rabai,Miroslav Nikolić,Imre Agotić,Ognjen Pribicević,John Hampson,Nikola Radovanović,Martin Frančešvić,Jovan Ostojić,Ivan Nagulov / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; peace; partnership; military; defense; security; policy;

At the start I would like to express welcome to all of our esteemed guests both domestic and coming from abroad. I would especially like to thank Mr. Krizanovic, who will be officially opening this seminar, His Excellency Ambassador Beecroft, Head of the OSCE Mission, Mr. George Katsirdakis, also well known to all of us, a distinguished personality who I may so is a person that is of the most significance at this moment in relation to the Partnership for Peace (PfP). I will not be too long and take too much of your time, but allow me to perhaps clarify why are we organizing this seminar. You know that the Presidency of BiH has expressed its wish by sending a Letter of Intention, in which it is stated that Bosnia and Herzegovina would like to join the PfP – with Yugoslavia we are the only country that is not a member of this organization. Since parliamentarians should also be informed about the responsibilities once the country has entered the PfP, in the overall process and procedure and what the PfP itself means, then I must say that I am very happy being the Director of the CSS, to see such a great response as well as seeing that we are joined by such distinguished speakers. I am also certain that after their presentations many more things will be clear. I also did not know that there are quite frequent misinterpretations due to the lack of information, and we also know that to BiH we have invited these distinguished speakers who are experts in this subject matter, and who will join and support us. The orientation of armed forces before 1991 was towards a collective enemy; however, today we speak more about threats and risks. The events of the 90s changed the perceptions of security and armed forces. Armed forces lost their territorial orientation, and the question of security was no longer restricted to borders. The defence military strategy was given up in place of an active security policy. This has also meant that in place of numerousness, the impetus has been passed to concentrate on flexibility, mobility and rapid reaction. Indeed, this has been the trend in Western Europe, where in 1989 the Dutch army had personnel number of 100,000 and today this had been reduced to 60,000; the same is with the German army where in 1989 they had 470,000 and today that figure is 282,000. The current situation of the BiH armed forces is that they are founded according to a definition directed towards each other entity. In this manner they currently justify their own existence. Consequently, the nature of change of the armed forces is systemic, really existential.

Round-Table on Elements of the Security Policy - Intelligence Services -

Round-Table on Elements of the Security Policy - Intelligence Services -

Author(s): Bisera Turković,Matthias Sonn,Nikola Špirić,Kalman Kocsis,Joy M. Wijnen Riems,Bogić Bogićević,Mirsad Abazović,Izet Žigić / Language(s): English

Keywords: round-table; BiH; security; policy; intelligence services;

I would like to greet you on behalf of the Centre for Security Studies, which today has organised this round-table. For your information, especially for those of who today are with us, the Centre for Security Studies has organised a project on the adoption of a statelevel security policy for Bosnia and Herzegovina. We commenced with a seminar on this theme in July, and after this, we organised a round-table on two elements of the security policy – foreign policy and economic policy. Today's round-table is dedicated to the intelligence-security services, especially the intelligence-security service. I think that all shall agree that reform of the security system is essential for the political, social and economic policy of every country, as well as BiH. At the same time this is also an exceptionally sensitive political theme. Naturally, we do not think that this round-table will succeed to find a solution for the existing problems in this field, but we hope that we shall have an open discussion, a discussion with different positions and viewpoints; a discussion in which we shall be able to see the experiences of different countries and in which manner their intelligence service systems exist and cooperate, and on which conditions they are established. When speaking about Bosnia and Herzegovina, generally it is known that there exists opposing political views on this theme. I would not like to be judge of who is right, nor to advocate a specific viewpoint, because that is not the role of this Centre; however, allow me to direct your attention towards a number of essential issues, for which I hope this round-table nevertheless will be able to offer a response. The question is whether in Bosnia and Herzegovina we can, alongside the full appreciation of our constitutional framework, speak concerning the problems of the organization and activities of our system of intelligence services? We are speaking concerning the division of the different intelligence systems. Does there exist a system or systems that represent a guarantee for the citizens, peoples and country, or does this represent an element that jeopardizes peace and security? Does BiH generally need to establish a single security-intelligence system, and would this mean the establishment of that type of system without full political will? Would this mean that we shall have merely a formal unit at the top, and essentially ethnic components that would act as separate systems? Or would the establishment of a single intelligence security system be better even in this form than a completely separated system? Are today’s intelligence services seen as serious partners, for the exchange of information with other intelligence services, and what would generally be required in order for the security services to be accepted as a serious partner in the exchange of information? Do the existing structures in this country accept the current situation and organizations for negotiations for the exchange of information? What would be the orientation and tasks of a new single security system? Without the restructuring of the intelligence-security system, is it possible that BiH could be a bearer of further democratic processes? This question takes into consideration the globalization of threats, for which we can merely mention the terrorist act of 11 September, which sent a warning to all the democratic and peace-loving elements of the world that they must harmonize their efforts in safeguarding peace and security; and that is the priority that concerns the intelligence services of the democratic world. Are we and can we be a partner in further democratic development and democratic institutions with this type of system of intelligence services? These are only some of the issues, and I believe that you shall pose many others concerning the issues that we shall discuss here today. With prejudging what would be the correct response, I would ask all participants to make possible a very open discussion, in which to remove all positions that would be contradictory. Let us see what is the smallest possible denominator on which we can base a future solution. I would now ask the highly respected Ambassador Matthias Sonn, Deputy High Representative, to open this round-table.

Seminar on Security Policy for Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo, 16 - 17 July 2001

Seminar on Security Policy for Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo, 16 - 17 July 2001

Author(s): . Miscellaneous / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; policy; security; seminar; Sarajevo; 2001;

Significant progress has been achieved since the signing the Dayton Peace Agreement. Today, peace and stability prevail throughout Bosnia-Herzegovina; co-operation between Bosnia’s three constituent communities - Bosniacs, Croats and Serbs - has been increasing; Bosnia’s war-damaged infrastructure has to a large extent been repaired; many of Bosnia’s refugees have returned to the homes they had occupied prior to the war, and; the country’s economy has been steadily returning back on course. Much, however, remains to be done in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to secure a peaceful and stable future for the country. One of the most pressing tasks that stand ahead is the establishment of a state security policy for the country.

Seminar on Economic Aspects of Security (2002)

Seminar on Economic Aspects of Security (2002)

Author(s): Claudio Zappulla,Ignac Golob,Bisera Turković,Anto Domazet,Ljubica Jelušič,Richard Temsch,Paolo Borgna,Dario Carminati,Nidia Casati,Robert Barić,Branislav Milinković,Neset Muminagić,Duško Vejnović,Peter Semneby,Alexander Alekseyev / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; policy; economic aspects; security; seminar; 2002;

His Excellency Mr. Golob, Distinguished Ambassadors, Ladies and Gentlemen, it is with great pleasure that I welcome you to this seminar in Portoroz, Slovenia. Before proceeding, I wish to thank the Government of Slovenia for graciously allowing us to hold our seminar in beautiful Portoroz. Why this seminar? Why this topic? And. Why now? Perhaps those questions have crossed your mind as you received your invitation to participate in this seminar. “Why this seminar”. To answer this question I will briefly recall some events over the past few years that have led us to Portoroz today. The Agreement for Confidence – and Security Building Measures in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Article II, Annex 1b, Dayton Peace Accords) contains one particular provision for “voluntary measures”. Under the auspices of this provision we have, over the past few years, conducted numerous seminars on topics such as “Democratic Control of the Armed Forces”, “Military Support to Civilians in Cases of Man-Made or Natural Disaster”. In particular, the seminar on Democratic Control spawned a whole series of initiatives involving NATO and OHR, as well as a number of bilateral initiatives, most notably with Switzerland and Sweden which focussed on members of the BiH government and senior military officials. In tandem with these initiatives, my office, with the gracious help of a number of OSCE countries, has sponsored Code of Conduct seminars targeting junior and mid-level officers. These seminars are an introduction into the OSCE as a body and the Code of Conduct measures adopted by the OSCE. In addition to these efforts, and still under the auspices of the Article II Agreement, the members of the Joint Consultative Commission, the body that oversees implementation of the Agreement on Confidence – and Security-Building Measures in Bosnia and Herzegovina agreed that in the interest of greater confidence and transparency they would allow a team of international auditors to conduct an audit of their respective military budgets. The aim, of course, was to show that the budgets could no longer sustain the relatively large military forces maintained in Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This audit process was hugely successful and evolved into a mammoth initiative that was given to Ambassador Beecroft and his staff. Arguably, it was this initial audit decision that has subsequently led to the tremendous restructuring and demobilization process that is on-going. This is of course a painful process but a necessary one that will lead to a military structure more compatible with actual defense and security needs and will move Bosnia and Herzegovina one step closer to European integration.

Social Survey - Perceptions and Attitudes of the Citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina towards Terrorism and the Role of International Security Organisations

Social Survey - Perceptions and Attitudes of the Citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina towards Terrorism and the Role of International Security Organisations

Author(s): Bisera Turković,Vladimir Obradović,Sanja Ljubičić,Armin Kržalić,Amel Kadić,Arnel Šahurić / Language(s): English

Keywords: terrorism; security; international security organisations; BiH; perceptions; attitudes;

The survey of the perceptions and attitudes of the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) towards terrorism and the roles of international security organisations (NATO, SFOR) comparatively encompassed subjects from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Republika Srpska (RS). Due to the content of the research only male subjects have been included, which we selected by a systematic, stratification sample, dependent upon telephone number in each individual canton. The control of the accuracy of the samples and the analysis of the results afterwards was conducted according to the variables of age, work experience and nationality. Besides this, we conducted focus groups that involved interviewing journalists, officers, professors, faculty assistants and students. The commentary and content of the discussion made possible a qualitative approach in the investigation. The most important findings of this investigatory research are: 1. Subjects from the FBiH and the RS are not differentiated by any statistical significance in the perceptions and evaluations that there is no serious threat from foreign terrorism in BiH, and that it is only possible to speak about internal terrorism towards returnees; 2. Anxiety from terrorism for the majority of the subjects from the older generation has not grown after 11 September 2001. Only within the group of younger subjects from the ages of 18 - 30 has this perception more significantly increased. However, the data from the focus group is interesting, which points towards the significance of the presence of negative perceptions towards the manner in which the US is leading the anti-terrorist campaign and the war against terrorism in Afghanistan; 3. Attitudes towards the accession to the European Union (EU) and the NATO Alliance are expressly positive between subjects in the FBiH, but that picture is diametrically reversed by the opinion in the RS, especially in view of the expressed negative position concerning the accession of BiH to NATO; 4. Confidence in international security institutions has an identical direction and relationship between the citizens of the FBiH and RS. Namely, the citizens of the FBiH have a highlevel of confidence in NATO, SFOR and the Hague Tribunal, while the citizens of the RS have little or no confidence in the Hague Tribunal; consequently, it is possible to speak about "group blindness" for the arguments and evidence concerning war crimes. 5. The attitude towards the downsizing of the military was positively polled by 80% of the subjects in the FBiH and 64% of the subjects in the RS, which is a statistically significant difference. However, the real gulf in attitudes of the citizens of the FBiH and RS is reflected in the level of support for a Joint Military Command, which has the support of 93% of the population of the FBiH and only 33% of the population of the RS.

Round-Table on Elements of the Security Policy - Internal Policy -

Round-Table on Elements of the Security Policy - Internal Policy -

Author(s): Duško Vejnović,Bisera Turković,Živko Radišić,Dragan Kalinić,István Gyarmati,Marko Amidžić,Fedor Klamtchouk,Petar Kunić,Ramo Masleša,Dragomir Jovičić,Sejfudin Tokić,Rasim Kadić,Branislav Lolić,Tomislav Mihalj / Language(s): English

Keywords: security; policy BIH; elements; round-table; 2002;

It is a pleasure and honour for me to greet you in the name of the Centre for Geostrategic Research in Banja Luka and the Centre for Security Studies BiH. I especially welcome the Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr. Zivko Radisic, representatives and chairmen of parliaments, parliamentarians, representatives of international organizations, representatives of non-governmental organizations, and all others that have responded to the invitation for the Round-Table on Elements of the Security Policy – Internal Policy. The actual topic is the theme of the position, function and organization of the security of the state. These themes are real when we speak about the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a complex community of two entities and three constituent peoples. We expect from you to consider in an analytical, meaningful, practical and political manner, during the programme of work, the important and priority aspects of the sources of threats to stability in BiH, and then the modalities that protect that which was constituted by the Dayton Peace Agreement, and the expression of will and needs of the peoples that live in BiH. Certainly we expect that you shall completely openly discuss the issues of the state bodies – the police and military, the functioning and construction of the intelligence services; and parallel with this, the parliamentary democratic control of the state bodies. We expect that we shall discuss the foundation of fact; theoretically having in mind the historical approach how much is necessary that we shed light on the reality, that we offer a modern solution so that conflict in this country and between the peoples does not materialize.

Round Table on Democratic Control of Armed Forces: The Role of Parliament, Academia, and the Media

Round Table on Democratic Control of Armed Forces: The Role of Parliament, Academia, and the Media

Author(s): Bisera Turković,Željko Mirjanić,George Katsirdakis,Marko Amidžić,Marie Vlachova,Bernd Papenkort,Duško Vejnović,Izet Beridan,Antonio Prlenda,Radomir Nešković,Nerzuk Ćurak / Language(s): English

Keywords: military; BiH; armed forces; Parliament; role; academia; media; round-table; 2002;

Ladies and Gentlemen: At the beginning I would like to wish a warm welcome to everybody present at today's seminar. I would especially like to express gratitude to George Katsirdakis, Deputy Director of the NATO Defence Partnership and Co-operation Directorate, who is a person of great importance for BiH on the road to membership in the Partnership for Peace. Today with us are representatives from the BiH Parliamentary Assembly - Mr. Zeljko Mirjanic, Deputy Chairman of the House of Representatives; and I would also like to cordially greet the representatives from the entity parliaments. At the same time, I would like to express gratitude to General Bernd Papenkort from the Clausewitz Centre and the professors from the Universities of Sarajevo and Banja Luka who have given up their time to be with us today. I shall not take much of your time, but during the opening of this seminar I would like to explain the significance of this event and why we decided to organise it. The seminar is concerned with the role of parliament, academia and the media in the democratic control of the armed forces. In order for BiH to become a member of the PfP, which is our true intention, among other factors at a state level the country must secure democratic parliamentary control of the armed forces. Democratic control is a necessary condition for acceptance into the Partnership for Peace.

Seminar on Economic Aspects of Security (2003)

Seminar on Economic Aspects of Security (2003)

Author(s): Bisera Turković,Claudio Zappulla,Mirsad Ćeman,Pierpaolo Tempesta,Heinz Vetschera,Vladimir Matek,Izet Žigić,Slavko Žmarić,Jiri Kalasnikov,Richard Temsch,Emina Kečo-Isaković,Almir Džuvo,Huso Hadžidedić,Mladen Staničić,Branislav Milinković,Marcin Święcicki,Moises Venancio,David R. Nicholas,Nedžad Hadžimusić / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; policy; economic aspects; security; seminar; 2003;

His Excellency Mr. Golob, Distinguished Ambassadors, Ladies and Gentlemen, it is with great pleasure that I welcome you to this seminar in Portoroz, Slovenia. Before proceeding, I wish to thank the Government of Slovenia for graciously allowing us to hold our seminar in beautiful Portoroz. Why this seminar? Why this topic? And. Why now? Perhaps those questions have crossed your mind as you received your invitation to participate in this seminar. “Why this seminar”. To answer this question I will briefly recall some events over the past few years that have led us to Portoroz today. The Agreement for Confidence – and Security Building Measures in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Article II, Annex 1b, Dayton Peace Accords) contains one particular provision for “voluntary measures”. Under the auspices of this provision we have, over the past few years, conducted numerous seminars on topics such as “Democratic Control of the Armed Forces”, “Military Support to Civilians in Cases of Man-Made or Natural Disaster”. In particular, the seminar on Democratic Control spawned a whole series of initiatives involving NATO and OHR, as well as a number of bilateral initiatives, most notably with Switzerland and Sweden which focussed on members of the BiH government and senior military officials. In tandem with these initiatives, my office, with the gracious help of a number of OSCE countries, has sponsored Code of Conduct seminars targeting junior and mid-level officers. These seminars are an introduction into the OSCE as a body and the Code of Conduct measures adopted by the OSCE.

Seminar on Economic Aspects of Security (2003)

Seminar - Ekonomski aspekti sigurnosti (2003)

Author(s): Bisera Turković,Claudio Zappulla,Mirsad Ćeman,Pierpaolo Tempesta,Heinz Vetschera,Vladimir Matek,Izet Žigić,Slavko Žmarić,Jiri Kalasnikov,Richard Temsch,Emina Kečo-Isaković,Almir Džuvo,Huso Hadžidedić,Mladen Staničić,Branislav Milinković,Marcin Święcicki,Moises Venancio,David R. Nicholas,Nedžad Hadžimusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; policy; economic aspects; security; seminar; 2003;

Uvaženi ambasadori, dame i gospodo, Zadovoljstvo mi je što vam mogu poželjeti dobrodošlicu na seminar u Trstu pod nazivom ¨Ekonomski aspekti sigurnosti¨. Posebnu zahvalnost želim uputiti našem domaćinu Generalu Zappulli na čiju je inicijativu ovaj seminar i organizovan. Sa nama su danas predstavnici OSCE-a, predstavnici zakonodavne i izvršne vlasti BiH, kao i uvaženi eksperti iz ekonomske i sigurnosne oblasti. Posebno zadovoljstvo i čast mi je pozdraviti ambasadora Bosne i Hercegovine u Italiji gosp. Lukšu Šoljana. U svom uvodnom obraćanju željela bih objasniti značaj i motiv organizovanja ovog seminara. Prije svega, željela bih naglasiti da je cilj Aneksa 1B Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma podsticanje povjerenja i transparentnosti između BiH (entiteta), Republike Hrvatske i Srbije i Crne Gore. Dosadašnje percepcije bile su usmjerene na vojnu prijetnju kao osnovni oblik nesigurnosti. Međutim, u kontekstu novog sigurnosnog ozračja vojna prijetnja se ne bi mogla smatrati osnovnom opasnošću po državu i društvo, već je tu poziciju sada zauzela ekonomska nesigurnost. Smatram da snažna ekonomija, ekonomija koja je u stanju prevazići sve prepreke sa kojima se suočava, u velikoj mjeri utiče na izgradnju mjera povjerenja, kao osnovne svrhe člana II Aneksa 1B Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma.

Needs Assessment on Small Arms and Light Weapons in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Needs Assessment on Small Arms and Light Weapons in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Denis Hadžović,Amel Kadić,Armin Kržalić,Dragana Lažetić,Arnel Šahurić / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; military; weapons; policy; small arms; light weapons; need assessment;

Following the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the issue of arms control, their export, and import, destruction of the surplus, and transparent control over this process, has become a highly sensitive issue. The global accumulation of illicit SALW during the past decade has contributed to tremendous human suffering. Without appropriate disarmament-involving the collection of residual small arms and the storage of state-owned weapons in protected areas-programmes for national rehabilitation cannot be sustained. The resulting crime and violence have disastrous effects on the ability of affected countries to implement their nati-onal development programmes. Vital infrastructure needed for development projects is damaged by illicit armsrelated insecurity, while foreign-funded development projects must be cancelled or postponed to prevent the assets from being diverted toward criminal activities. Countries must also allocate large portions of their already limited resources to security measures, thereby decreasing the funds available for development. All these consequences present fundamental obstacles to sustainable human development. Experience however has shown that these dynamics of insecurity can be broken through a set of approaches that simultaneously target weapons availability, the general knowledge about the seriousness and dangers of weapons use as well as state capacity to tackle the issue. Not only that these weapons are obvious threat to individual human lives, but also excessive quantities of weapons in the country do represent a significant source of insecurity. They are not only a direct threat to lives but they are increasingly used in criminal activities and their proliferation is a deterrent to the return of refugees to their homes. Moreover, these arms are a threat to the ongoing peace process.

Activity Report 2003 - Centre For Security Studies BiH

Activity Report 2003 - Centre For Security Studies BiH

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; Centre for Security Studies; CSS; activity report; 2003; security; defense;

This was the third year of operation of the Centre for Security Studies (CSS). CSS has been envisaged as an independent research, educational and training enterprise dedicated to encouraging informed debate on security matters and on promoting and sustaining democratic structures and processes in the foreign and security policies of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), and in the region of South-East Europe. This report covers the activities of the Centre for Security Studies from January to the end of December 2003.

Softening of the Visa Regime for Citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina: What are the Requirements that the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina Needs to Fulfil in Order to Ease the Transfer of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the “Black List” to the “White..

Ublažavanje viznog režima za građane Bosne i Hercegovine: Koje uvjete trebaju ispuniti vlasti Bosne i Hercegovine u cilju olakšavanja prelaska Bosne i Hercegovine sa “Crne liste” na “Bijelu listu” šengenskog sporazuma o vizama?

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; Visas; Visa regime; government; requirements; Black list; White list;

Sa sadašanjim viznim sistemom, koji je uveden za Bosnu i Hercegovinu, nije moguće uspostaviti stabilno i otvoreno društvo bez slobodnog kretanja ljudi, protoka informacija i ideja. Zadatak vladinih struktura je da svojim građanima obezbijede mogućnost putovanja u inostranstvo bez ograničenja i omoguće uključivanje društva u političke, ekonomske i kulturne sfere evropskog života. Ovo istraživanje, kroz detaljnu analizu stanja u ovoj oblasti, ima za cilj da napravi prikaz objektivne situacije o mogućnostima ublažavanja viznog režima za građane Bosne i Hercegovine. Bosna i Hercegovina se do danas nalazi u tzv. Aneksu I, na nepopularnoj “Crnoj listi” šengenskog sporazuma kojim se propisuje posjedovanje vize za prelazak vanjskih granica Evropske unije. Imajući u vidu da je odluka o ukidanju viznog režima za određene države primarno političko pitanje, ipak postoje uvjeti koje svaka vlada treba ispuniti da bi ostvarila ublažavanje viznog režima za svoje građane (prelazak sa “Crne liste”na”Bijelu listu” ili iz Aneksa I u Aneks II sengenskog viznog sporazuma). Prema izjavi bivše zamjenice ministra vanjskih poslova Bosne i Hercegovine gđe. Lidije Topić, specijalnog predstavnika BiH pri Evropskoj komisiji u Briselu, ne postoji precizan popis uvjeta ili kriterija za liberalizaciju viznog režima čije ispunjenje zahtijevaju države članice EU. Stoga je ovo istraživanju prvo započelo sa proučavanjem acquis-a EU koji se primjenjuje u tim državama. Oblast slobode, pravde i sigurnosti u EU je veoma kompleksna i stalno se razvija u svim svojim komponentama. Slobodno kretanje lica je ključni element u “oblasti slobode, sigurnosti i pravde”. Uvažavajući ovaj princip, EU je Ugovorom iz Maastrichta uvrstila politiku azila, prelazak vanjskih granica Unije i imigracionu politiku u pitanja od zajedničkog interesa za države članice, da bi Ugovorom iz Amsterdama ove odredbe uključila i u Ugovor o Evropskoj Zajednici. Samim tim, u fokusu ovog istraživanja našla su se pitanja vezana za institucionalna i administrativna rješenja u oblasti granica, viza, azila i imigracione politike u Bosni i Hercegovini. Iz iskustva Rumunije sa njenog puta na prelasku iz Aneksa I u Aneks II, odnosno uvrštavanja na “Bijelu listu” šengenskog sporazuma u januaru 2002. godine, možemo izvući korisne lekcije o metodi kreiranja potrebne strategije za acquis koju trebaju primjeniti države aplikanti. Usklađenosti sa šengenskim acquis-em prethodilo je regulisanje propisa unutar široke oblasti azila i imigracione politike, kao i oblasti unutrašnjih poslova i pravosuđa. Uporedo sa provođenjem unutrašnjih reformi, Rumunija je bila veoma aktivna i u procesu međunarodne saradnje sa akcentom na odnose i potpisivanje sporazuma sa susjednim državama. Odluka država članica EU u vezi sa ukidanjem strogog viznog sistema za Rumuniju desila se u periodu kada ova država nije bila u mogućnosti ispuniti sve uvjete, ali je svoje politike u ovim oblastima uspjela postaviti na pravi kolosjek te izraziti spremnost za implementaciju i daljnji razvoj svojih institucionalnih i administrativnih kapaciteta. Proširenje EU sa deset novih zemalja dodatno je zakomplikovalo situaciju u ovoj oblasti, pa je bilo potrebno uložiti veliki napor da bi se omogućila integracija i proširenje vanjskih granica EU do kraja 2007. Događaji od 11. septembra drastično su promijenili sigurnosnu situaciju u svijetu i dodatni pritisak, uočljiv posebno sa strane SAD-a, zahtijeva povećan stepen sigurnosti putnih dokumenata (npr. biometrijski pasoši). U proteklih nekoliko godina, institucije Bosne i Hercegovine su postigle odgovarajući napredak kako bi dostigle potrebne predpristupne standarde EU. U oktobru 2005. godine Bosni i Hercegovini je odobren pregovor o Sporazumu o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju sa EU. Konstantan razvoj demokratskog društva i institucionalno jačanje su, zajedno sa poboljšanjem sigurnosne situacije u državi, važna pitanja za liberalizaciju viznog režima. Bosna i Hercegovina je uspjela uspostaviti i razviti održive državne strukture koje omogućavaju administrativni okvir za implementaciju politike u oblasti viza, azila, migracije i granica. Neke od konvencija EU koje se odnose na ljudska prava i osnovne slobode su već ugrađene u postojeći Ustav Bosne i Hercegovine ili su prenesene na osnovu sukcesije zajedno sa drugim državama bivše Jugoslavije. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je donošenje legislative i uspostava pravilne strukture tek početna tačka u željenom pravcu. Stvaranje pretpostavke za funkcionalan i efikasan sistem zahtijeva dodatni napor uključivanja svih struktura vlasti. Do sada, institucije nisu na zadovoljavajući način pratile provođenje usvojene legislative. Nedostatak adekvatnih finansijskih i ljudskih resursa stvorio je mnogo problema u vezi sa primjenom potrebnih zakona u sektoru azila i migracije. Uprkos napretku koji je Bosna i Hercegovina postigla ona se i dalje suočava sa problemima, od kojih su neki zajednički za region a neki jedinstveni za Bosnu i Hercegovinu. Usvajanje i provođenje legislative u sektoru pravosuđa i unutrašnjih poslova Bosne i Hercegovine mora biti jedan od prioriteta da bi država napredovala u procesu pridruživanja Evropskoj uniji i osigurala slobodu kretanja za svoje građane. Hipoteza ovog istrazivanja bila je definisana u sljedećem pitanju: "Da li postoji mogućnost ukidanja viznog režima za sve građane Bosne i Hercegovine u roku od naredne dvije godine?" Gosp. Renco Davidi, zamjenik šefa Delegacije Evropske komisije u Bosni i Hercegovini odgovorio je na ovo pitanje, što se također može zaključiti i nakon obavljenog istraživanja: “Još uvijek nema političke volje i spremnosti za takav korak u EU i to uglavnom zbog sporog provođenja procesa reformi i razvoja demokratskog društva u svim segmentima u Bosni i Hercegovini.”

Private Security in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Private Security in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Armin Kržalić / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; security; private security; companies; status;

The study on the topic Private Security in Bosnia and Herzegovina arose from constant observing of the trend of private security companies, and their influence on security in general, and is made according to the requirements of the scientific and empirical approach. This study is characterized by the removal of the flaws identified in previous studies, as well as by the widening of some new research areas. The parts concerning legal regulations are, therefore, organized more systematically, the scope and state of private security companies is done in more detail, while the comparative approaches with this sector and the member states of the European Union are performed in basic but important areas. The basic goal of this study is presenting to the public the number of private security companies, the staff working for them, as well as the weapons they use. It is also of great significance that the study shows the results of the relationship between private security and other social sectors. In this way, the study should contribute to informing the public more thoroughly, and to raising awareness about the contents of private security, the state and scope of it, as well as on the transparency of its work, or to give this problem a more realistic dimension and point out the problems and issues which were not fully considered until now. The recommendations for the improving of this sector are also a great benefit. During the conducting of the study I came across a number of problems, some of which I have, in my own opinion, resolved successfully, while with some of them I was less successful. Problems arose because, in this case, this is a new area in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and also due to the non-existence of central databases and various legal solutions. The choice of the methodology for determining the state and scope of private security companies posed a significant problem, which is a result of the complexity of the social and political life of our country. I have analyzed a very wide spectrum of issues from the area of security, and the focus was on the critical processing of previous weaknesses and contradictions between the norm and the reality. Data from domestic and foreign literature, data of public institutions, scientific knowledge of respected domestic and foreign experts in this area, and information gathered during field research, were used for the analysis of the presented issues. The study comprises of five chapters tied into a joint and unified whole, which encompasses almost all of the issues regarding private security. Besides all efforts made to meet certain expert, scientific, and pedagogical approaches, this study is probably not without its flaws. Every suggestion and criticism will be of great help in further studies.

Private Security in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Stanje privatne sigurnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Armin Kržalić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; security; private security; companies; status;

Istraživanje „Stanja privatne sigurnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini“ nastalo je kao rezultat stalnog prećenja trenda privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija, i njihovog uticaja na sigurnost uopće, a uređeno je prema zahtjevima naučnog i emprijskog pristupa. Ovo istraživanje karakteriše otklanjanje uočenih nedostataka iz prethodnih istraživanja, kao i proširivanje nekih novih polja istraživanja. Tako su djelovi zakonske regulative dosta sistematičnije obrađeni, obim i stanje privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija dosta opširnije, dok su komparativni pristupi ovog sektora sa zemljama Europske unije napravljeni na osnovnim, ali važnim poljima. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je da se javnosti predstavi brojnost privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija, osoblje koje radi za njih, kao i oružje koje cirkluliše među njima. Isto tako od velike važnosti je to što istraživanje donosi i rezultate odnosa privatne sigurnosti sa drugim društvenim sektorima. Na taj način, istraživanje treba da doprinese boljem upoznavanju javnosti i boljoj informiranosti o sadržaju privatne sigurnosti, stanju i obimu kao i javnosti rada, odnosno da ovoj problematici da što realniju dimenziju i ukaže na probleme i sadržaje koji do sada nisu bili u potpunosti sagledani. Od velike koristi su svakako i preporuke za poboljšanje ovog sektora. Prilikom sprovođenja istraživanja nailazio sam na niz problema, od kojih sam neke, po ličnom sudu, uspješno, a neke manje uspješno rješio. Posebno zbog toga što je u ovom slučaju riječ o novoj oblasti u Bosni i Hercegovini, kao i zbog nepostojanja centralnih baza podata i različitih pravnih rješenja. Poseban problem predstavljao je izbor metodologije za odabir utvrđivanja stanja i obima privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija, koji je proizvod složenosti društvenog i političkog života naše države. Analizirao sam veoma širok spektar sadržaja iz oblasti sigurnosti, a težište je bilo usmjereno na kritičku obradu dosadašnjih slabosti i protivriječnosti između normativnog i stvarnog. Za potrebe analiza predočenih sadržaja, korišćeni su podaci iz domaće i strane literature, podaci javnih institucija, naučna saznanja naših i stranih eminentnih stručnjaka iz ove oblasti, te podaci prikupljeni tokom terenskih istraživanja. Istraživanje sadrži pet poglavlja povezanih u jednistvenu i zaokruženu cjelinu, kojom su obuhvaćeni skoro svi sadržaji privatne sigurnosti. I pored napora, da se ispune određeni stručni, naučni i pedagoški pristupi, ovo istraživanje vjerovatno nije bez propusta. Svaka sugestija i kritike bit će od velike pomoći u daljim istraživanjima.