Search results for: DISPUTATIONES SCIENTIFICAE in All Content

The Concept of Thing (res) in Descartes

Pojam stvari (res) kod Dekarta

Author(s): Predrag Milidrag / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2014

Keywords: Res; thing; reality; degrees of reality; eternal truths; supertranscendental notion of res; objective being; formal being

The article analyzes the meaning of the concept of res in Descartes' metaphysics. The basic meaning is that thing is an essence that could have even real existence. Through the analysis of Descartes' works that meaning has made more precise against the background of the rational distinction between essence and existence. The relations among the thing and the notions of reality (realitas), the degrees of reality and the modes of reality were shown. The special attention is dedicated to the relation between the thing and the causality, i.e., to the problems how the things could cause and what is the cause of things. The problem of causality is connected with Descartes' teaching concerning the creation of eternal truths; that connection expresses the difference between his and scholastics' concept of thing, which is obvious in his concept of the causation of the degrees of reality. At the end the late, scholastics' notion of supertranscendental meaning of thing is shown in Descartes.

„Cura animarum“ of the Preachers Order in the Background of the Medieval Monkhoods Soul Salvation Development

„CURA ANIMARUM“ ZAKONU KAZNODZIEJSKIEGO W ÚREDNIOWIECZU NA TLE ROZWOJU DUSZPASTERSTWA MNISZEGO

Author(s): Sławomir Zonenberg / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2006

On the 21st of January 1217, st. Dominic Guzmán and his order were given the bulla “Gratiarum omnium” from the Pope, Honorius III (1216–1227), which approved their idea of preaching and spreading Gospel; thus they became independent from the bishops because they received their traditional regulations in that field. The document permitted the Dominicans the pastoral activity in all dioceses without the duty of requesting the bishops for the permission, which had been practised formerly. While describing the Dominicans pastoral work, the medieval Canon Law should also be referred to since there appeared the term “cura animarum ordinaria”. It was connected with the parish church exclusively and resulted from the parish law granted by a bishop. The rule concerning the mentioned law stated that every member of a parish should have his own assigned priest called “sacerdos proprius” and “parochus” or instead the priest’s assistant. Their authority concerned the following important services: baptism, marriages, funerals, confessions and administration of other sacraments, and both conduction of Sunday and other church holiday ceremonies. It could be stated that until the coming into existence of mendicate orders within borders of a parish, the clergy had a monopoly on the cult and pastoral work. Moreover, the mentioned above public religious services came under the rule of parish obligation (“cultus publicus”) and were to be received only in the parish church. Since “cultus privatus” had a tendency to growth in towns and the parish priests were unable to administer their duties completely, thus the Dominicans took over in this field. “Cura animarum extraordinaria” which was led by them functioned together with “cura animarum ordinaria”. During the development of individual cult there began a gradual exclusion of the majority of elements, which so far belonged to “cultus publicus”, out of parish obligation (“cura animarum ordinaria”) to include them in “cura animarum extraordinaria”. Then the Dominican orders became quasiparish places of cult and the pastoral work in general was to be administered by both clergymen and monks as if on the double track. It often caused sharp disagreements between priests supported by bishops and mendicate orders. The popes’ attitudes towards the entitlement of pastoral activity led by mendicate orders differed. Innocent IV (1243–1254) supported the lay clergymen strongly. Alexander IV (1254–1261), Martin IV (1281–1285) and Benedict XI (1303–1304) were on mendicate orders’ side. Boniface VIII (1294– 1303), however, supported the idea of compromise. The Pope, Clement V (1305–1314), regulated the situation at the Council in Vienne (1311–1312) deriving from regulations of bulla “Super cathedram” by Boniface VIII that was released on the 18th of February 1300.

Renaisance criticism of "armas"

Renasterea si critica "armelor"

Author(s): Adrian Marino / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 6/2004

Keywords: European Renaissance; pacifism; humanism

The paper focuses on the pacifist ideas in Renaissance Europe, opposing "musas" to "armas" (as in the Latin dicton "inter armas silent musas").

The Romanian Principalities and the Dispute around the Papal Primacy Dogma (the 17th century)

Ţările Române şi disputele în jurul dogmei primatului papal (secolul al XVII-lea)

Author(s): Violeta Barbu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIV/2006

Papal primacy, together with the issue of the Eucharist, held an important place in the theological disputes between the East and the West in the seventeenth century. Even though the eastern argumentation did not innovate, in points of exegesis, beyond the anti-unionist positions formulated after the council in Florence, the ways in which these disputes took place, their areas of distribution and the groups taking part in the debate were various. Although the lines of the magisterium in the Testimonies of the Orthodox Faith kept an almost neutral reserve in the question of papal primacy, the emblematic figures of Eastern theology of Greek expression invested themselves in polemical writings and discrediting campaigns, openly endorsed by native princes and scholars. Their European echo carried the name of the Romanian Principalities beyond the borders of traditional diplomatic relations. Moreover, the question of papal primacy, beyond the theological exercise, stimulating in its turn in points of reasoning, argumentation and terminology, raised two important issues: legitimacy and the denominational borders of Europe. The discourse on papal primacy – in dialogue or polemics – launched an intellectual dynamics fertile in the building of cultural identity, and fully participating in the global process of denominational affiliation, characteristic of seventeenth-century Europe. Set against the people and ideas invoked in these pages, the following century appears dominated by silence and mutual ignoring. Denominational stands once formulated, a new horizon of change would appear in Romanian society: social and political reforms.

European Projections and Gypsy Shadows: Antagonistic Games and Deterritorialisation Flows

Projections européennes et ombres tsiganes: jeux et flux de territorialisation antagonistes

Author(s): Jean-Louis Olive / Language(s): French / Issue: 10/2006

Keywords: Gypsies; ethnocentric and allogenic images; sociocultural stereotypes; territorialisation schemes; Gypsy saints and legends

Starting from the construction of both ethnocentric and allogenic images, this study shows how, through diachronic cohabitation and a gradual social construction of alterity, sedentary and settled communities come to share fixed hermeneutic forms and polarized territorialisation schemes (in Gilles Deleuze’s terms). We can identify four types of relationships between the European autochthons and the meta-European allochthons: voluntary v. forced settlement, mobility v. nomadism. These schemes tend to acquire significance within binary systems and structural oppositions, which have, by now, largely become outdated. It is through mirror games and reflexive postures that the complexity of these social and symbolic interactions can be comprehended, given the reservoir of asymmetrical images and reductive stereotypes which are currently at stake in the European construction. The habit of making classifications, the perpetuation of sociocultural stereotypes and intellectual laziness have assigned the Romas, the Manouches, the Gypsies, or the Yenniches to a perpetual movement of intra-European rejection. At the same time, and within the same logic of paradox, while we are overtaken by maniac-depressive acedia, or the “bougeotte,” the craze for traveling, these mobile outsiders have been characterised as absolute others, a countertype of the sedentary model that characterizes us. One of the least surprising paradoxes concerning them is that they have for centuries been compelled to forced settlement, only to be then cast beyond the borders, whenever a crisis appeared. How can they overcome this strange attraction-rejection antinomy? How have they maintained and transformed their nomadic identity (as Gilles Deleuze understands it)? The Gypsies have the advantage of organizing themselves as projective countertypes: building their own sociality, they stigmatize ours by contrast. Consequently, an anthropological perspective, caught between knowledge and aesthetics, between reflection and empathy, must insist on this difficult case, which challenges all our prejudices and destroys all our certainties, but is rewarding through its rigorousness and its nobleness. Partially acculturated (as Georges Devereux understands it), and partially antagonistic, both rooted and repudiated, the Gypsies are the agôn, joining us much more than separating us (Europe). They appear to be, in this respect, the “shadow” of the Occident’s stream of light.

Holy Fools in an Age of Hesychasm: A Comparison between Byzantine and Bulgarian Vitae

Holy Fools in an Age of Hesychasm: A Comparison between Byzantine and Bulgarian Vitae

Author(s): Nadezhda Lazarova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2004

Keywords: Vita of St. Andrew the Fool; Vita of Simeon the Fool; Slavic translations and versions

The study is dedicated to two Bulgarian texts, which appeared in the collections with mixed content in XIV century. One of them is Vita of Simeon Jurodivy, and the other one is Vita of St. Andrey Jurodivy. The purpose of the study is to examine the two vitae and outline the broad context in which they enter in the Bulgarian, as well as in the Byzantine culture. The article does not aim to exhaust the questions connected to these saints, but rather to determine and find new ways of research and examination of the phenomenon. The main sources are two copies – in manuscript No. 434 of the Hilendar Monastery in Mount Athos, containing the text with the vita of St. Andrey and in manuscript No. 152 of the National Library of Vienna, containing that of St. Simeon. The study consists of four parts. In the first one the examined are peculiarities of the jurodivy saints and their manuscript and cultural Byzantine context. The second one is dedicated to the appearance of the Bulgarian translations of the vitae of St. Simeon and St. Andrey, the collections in which their eventual relations with the epoch of hesychasm are published. The last two parts look at each vita in detail with its Greek and Bulgarian variants.

The Notion of the Jews in Medieval Bulgaria

Представата за евреите в Средновековна България

Author(s): Petar Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5-6/2006

The study researches the character and the development of the notion of the Bulgarian Jews in the medieval Bulgarian society. The factors, that have had a great influence on its genesis, are also explained. Amongst those factors, for example, stand out the traditional prejudices about the Jewish society, formed in the Ancient; the earliest connections between proto- Bulgarians and Jews in the lands of Great Bulgaria; as well as the strong anti-jewish propaganda led by the church after the entire Latin Empire conversed to Christianity. Relying on various historical sources, the image of the Jews is reviewed in two main courses. On the first hand, the theoretical aspect, which results from the stereotypical characteristics of the spirit and the behavior of the Jewish society, forced by the New Testament. This is a dogmatic belief, adopted by the Bulgarians after the Conversion to Christianity carried out by prince Boris I. The negative characteristics predominate in this idea, despite the different shades, that can be pointed out in some proto-Bulgarian MS books. On the other hand, the study particularly stresses on the problem how this dogma influences the everyday intercourse between Bulgarians and Jews. It also analyses particular historical events and facts from the cultural history of medieval Bulgaria, showing the governments attitude to the Jews. Some aspects are mentioned, concerning the state of the Jews after Bulgaria falls under the Ottoman Empire. It is ascertained that during the centuries of foreign domination, the notion of the Jews does not change in any significant way in the minds of the Bulgarians.

Reviews: Byzantium – Greece

Byzanz – Griechenland

Author(s): Autoren Viele / Language(s): German / Issue: 61-62/2002

Late Antique Dalmatia and Pannonia in Cassiodorus’ Variae

Late Antique Dalmatia and Pannonia in Cassiodorus’ Variae

Author(s): Hrvoje Gračanin / Language(s): English,Croatian / Issue: 49/2015

Keywords: Cassiodorus' Variae, the Ostrogoths; Pannonia; Dalmatia; sixth century

The article offers an analysis of selected letters from Cassiodorus' Variae, which are important for late antique history of Dalmatia and Pannonia. The study is intended to be twofold: on the one part, it examines the information that can be derived from the letters about both provinces' political, administrative, economic, social and ethnic picture in the time of Ostrogothic rule over the Eastern Adriatic and Middle Danube regions; on the other part, it explores literary and political contexts and underlying ideologies that are present in the selected letters.

The Old is in the New Revealed’: Prophetical Quotations from the Slavonic Translation of Doctrina Iacobi in the Literature of Early Kyivan Rus´

‘The Old is in the New Revealed’: Prophetical Quotations from the Slavonic Translation of Doctrina Iacobi in the Literature of Early Kyivan Rus´

Author(s): Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The second part of this paper (see part one in Palaeobulgarica 40, 1) introduces quotations from the prophets in the Philosopher’s Speech and in Hilarion of Kyiv’s Sermon on Law and Grace (1037–1050) which in form and/or language differ from their counterparts in the received translations available in Kyivan Rus´ and which can be shown to be derived from the Slavonic translation of Doctrina Iacobi. This includes quotations largely coinciding in Philosopher’ Speech and Hilarion (Is 52:10; Is 63:9; Is 51:4–5; and a combination of 2 Cor 5:17 Is 42:9–10, and Is 65:15–16) but also quotations which, in this form, are found only in Hilarion (Is 35:6–7 and Mal 1:10–11). It is demonstrated that two more prophetical quotations in the Tale of Bygone Years outside of the Philosopher’s Speech have their ultimate Slavonic origin in Doctrina (Ez 36:25 and Mic 7:18–19); this is in the so-called Tale of Book-Learning in the entry for 988/9. Some of the prophetical quotations in Speech instead have their source in the Chronicle of George the Monk (Hamartolos), a text of which there are no traces in Hilarion. The author concludes that L. Müller’s thesis of a Spruchsammlung of prophetical testimonies available in early Kyivan Rus´ is fully vindicated. This collection had incorporated material from Doctrina and from the canonical versions of the Bible. It turns out that Hilarion did not draw material directly from Doctrina, and even for mere chronological reasons it is therefore almost impossible that Doctrina would have been translated in Kyivan Rus´. Rather, we should conclude that this is an Old Bulgarian or, just possibly, Moravian translation. At some point in the second half of the 11th century, the Spruchsammlung was culled for material for yet another, probably more aggressively anti-Judaic, collection of prophecies, into which much material from George the Monk was incorporated as well. The prophetical collection extant in the Philosopher’s Speech and the quotations in the Tale of Book-Learning are probably secondary reflections of this work. They were added to a chronicle compilation that already included the Philosopher’s Speech.

Dialogic Openness of the Cardinal Walter Kasper's theology as a Participation in the Heritage of the Catholic School of Tubingen

Dialogiczna otwartość teologii kardynala Waltera Kaspera w nurcie dziedzictwa katolickiej szkoly tybingeńskiej

Author(s): Norbert Podhorecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Walter Kasper; The School of Tubingen; contemporaneity; openness; dialog;

Our masters, next to which we grew up, and certain environments that have formed – on many levels – not only our consciousness, but even the methodology of our thinking and activities, play a very significant role in the shaping the way we look at and understand the world, and the ideas, which we adhere to. Cardinal Walter Kasper repeatedly relied in his works on his spiritual relationship with the principles of Catholic school in Tübingen of the nineteenth century, considering it as an outstanding model for attachment to ecclesiastical tradition and at the same time for the openness to the dialogue with the contemporary world. This text presents one of the theological principles of the school in Tübingen – dialogical openness of the theology to the contemporary issues – in the work and thought of Cardinal Walter Kasper.

Unpublished Pages of the Correspondance Between Ion Muşlea and Petru Caraman

Pagini inedite din corespondenţa dintre Ion Muşlea şi Petru Caraman

Author(s): Cosmina TIMOCE-MOCANU / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 14/2014

CROATIAN SCOTISTIC PHILOSOPHY. THE LATE BAROQUE HISTORICAL -LEXICOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH: FRANCISCAN EMANUEL HOŠKO

HRVATSKA SKOTISTIČKA FILOZOFIJA U KASNOM BAROKU. POVIJESNO-LEKSIKOGRAFSKA ISTRAŽIVANJA FRANJE EMANUELA HOŠKA

Author(s): Veronika RELJAC / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 3/2012

Keywords: Scotism; scholasticism; philosophy; high school; the Franciscans; philosophical discussions; philosophical writings; Croatia;

Since 1900 Franciscans are combined by a single provincial board in the area of continental Croatia: St. Cyril and Methodius Croatian Franciscan Province. It gathered Croatian Franciscan monasteries from former multinational province, namely: the Croatian-Slovene provinces St. Cross, Croatian-Hungarian Province of St. Ladislav and Croatian-Hungarian-Austrian Province of St. John Capistrano, which has in the 1757th in its structure assembled friars in Slavonia and the Croatian and Hungarian Danube, by which time they were members of the Province of Bosnia the Silver that by the end of 17th century gathered all Franciscans among Croats under Turkish rule. These three provinces in continental Croatia and Croatian ethnic community in Hungary in the 18th led five colleges; these were schools of general education in Zagreb, Varaždin, Budapest, Pécs and Osijek. In Trsat and in Petrovaradin operated four-year theological schools, and in more monasteries were studies of philosophy.

Bibliography up to 2011 for Marsilio Ficino’s life, works and philosophy, his impact

Ficino bibliográfia 2011-ig, különös tekintettel a De vita című művére

Author(s): Monika Frazer-Imregh / Language(s): English,German,Italian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Marsilio Ficino; bibliography; Three Books on Life

This is a bibliography up to 2011 for Marsilio Ficino’s life, works and philosophy, his impact on later philosophers and with a special interest on his Three Books on Life.

PECULIUM AND ACTIO DE PECULIO

PECULIUM И ACTIO DE PECULIO

Author(s): Malina Novkirishka- Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: peculium; pater familias; dominus; personae alieni iuris; actio de peculio; edictum

In this article the author examines the terminology related to roman peculium and the creation of the practice of providing res peculiaris, as well as the concept of peculium as a “quasi proprium patrimonium” servi/filii familias. The paper particularly considers this property given to sons and slaves, but which remains separate in the patrimonium of pater familias/ dominus with special legal framework as well as the development of actio de peculio in the praetors edict activity, namely, from the chronological point of view, between the 2nd century B.C. and the 3nd century A.D. This actio is a part of the so-called actiones adiecticiae qualitatis and it build the bases of the limited liability in commercial law.

Terracottas from the Civil Settlement from Ostrov (Durostorum), Constanța County (V)

Teracote din așezarea civilă de la Ostrov (Durostorum), județul Constanța (V)

Author(s): Adela Bâltâc,Christina Știrbulescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 53/2020

Keywords: Ostrov; Durostorum; archaeological researches; terracottas; animals; bases; postaments,

The present study continues the series of articles dedicated to the terracottas unearthed through systematic archaeological research, during the years 1997– 2016, in the site of Ostrov (Durostorum), Constanța County. So far, 275 items have been studied, which have been divided into several categories: human statuettes (deities and people), statuettes representing animals, altars, statuette bases, postaments for statuettes, constituent elements of large ensembles, varia and incerta.

Preface to Traité de Physique

Preface to Traité de Physique

Author(s): Jacques Rohault / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Jacques Rohault; Traité de Physique;

Preface to "Traité de Physique" by Jacques Rohault.

POSSESSIO BETWEEN CORPUS AND ANIMUS

POSSESSIO МЕЖДУ CORPUS И ANIMUS

Author(s): Paola Lambrini / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Possessio; сorpus; аnimus; Lucretius; Labeo

The term animus used by Roman jurists in the context of possessio does not denote a psychological element that must be added to the physical availability in order to have possession, but an integrative part of the possessory situation, which is needed in specific cases, particularly when the corpus, the material disposition, for one reason or another, is not completely feasible. Corpus and animus did not therefore indicate the structural elements of the possessio, but simply the parts of which the human being is made up, through which he can interact with things and have possession of them.

The anonymous Parisian prologue to Averroes’ De substantia orbis from the end of the 13th century

The anonymous Parisian prologue to Averroes’ De substantia orbis from the end of the 13th century

Author(s): Łukasz Tomanek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Fernand of Spain; University of Paris; philosophy of nature; textual criticism; medieval manuscripts;

The article examines the anonymously preserved prologue to Averroes’ De substantia orbis dating to the end of the 13th century (manuscript Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 14246, ff. 16r–v, 19rb) and presents its edition. Along with commentaries by Fernand of Spain and Giles of Orléans (lost), this work is a rare witness of the still scarcely known commenting practice of Averroes’ work at the Faculty of Arts in Paris in this period. The codicological and paleographical examination conducted on the manuscript led to establishing the approximate dating and origin of the prologue. Additionally, the doctrinal analysis allowed us to place this opusculum within the context of other similar prologues and commentaries produced in this period. Of significant importance are similarities between the anonymous author and Fernand of Spain, whose prologue to his commentary on De substantia orbis provides an important context for the Anonymous Monacensis. Both works often employ the same examples and consider De substantia orbis the supplement to De caelo et mundo, which was an unusual addition to traditionally established divisio librorum naturalium.

Occupation law and international state-building: friend or foe

Prawo okupacji a międzynarodowe budowanie państwa: mój przyjaciel wróg

Author(s): Grzegorz Gil / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2016

Keywords: occupation law; international law; occupation; humanitarian law; state,use of force; armed intervention

Following the end of the cold war, the incidence of statebuilding interventions has visibly increased in the case of dysfunctional (failed) states. Today, such interventionism in a good faith promotes liberal values and is believed to be in line with international legal regimes that makes it distinctive from neo-imperial politics. Even if state-building does not generally refer to regular warfare, it often takes analogous forms to occupation, which was codified in jus in bello at the beginning of the XXth century. While the occupation law requires occupants to maintain status quo on the occupying territory (article 43 of Hague Regulations), armed state-building is transformative by definition that seems to undermine conservative provisions of the former. The article presents traditional criteria for occupation in the Hague and Geneva conventions as well as prospects and limitations of its refinement (jus post bellum). In theory, such a redefinition could launch the formulation of the statebuilding regime, which aims to reduce deficits or double-standards in international state-building by focusing on the interests of local stakeholders of transformative projects. Hence, the Author addresses three interlocking issues: occupation within state-building, the occupation law and state-building, and transformative occupation as state-building.