Keywords: protest of student in 1968; Zagreb Faculty of Arts; unsuccessful social and economical reform of the Yugoslav society during th sixties; student opposition; state controlled press; Croatian language; League of Communists of Yugoslavia; Zagreb; Belgrade;
Discontent and protest of students in 1968 was motivated by the unsuccessful social and economical reform of the Yugoslav society during the 1960-ies and also by the declining standard of living which affected the population and especially students. Students tried to influence the institutions of the Yugoslav socialist self-management system and to initiate positive if minimal reforms, but their attempts failed. The key role in silencing the student opposition was played by the state controlled press. State newspapers had already played similar role after the publication of the Declaration on the name and position of the Croatian language. Newspapers didn’t give real information about the student movement and student and youth press was repressed or completely banned by the authorities. Professors and students of the Zagreb Faculty of arts who took part in the protests were later punished by being expelled from the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. The same punishment had been applied to the supporters of the Declaration on the Croatian language. Historical analysis shows that the 1968 student protests in Zagreb and Belgrade had different characteristics, views and intensity which is the result of deeper differences which existed within the Yugoslav society. Nevertheless the problem of student protests in Yugoslavia, especially the question of its roots and organizational structure, still leaves many unanswered questions. The opinions of the historians on the spontaneity of these protests also differ.
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Keywords: New publications; history; Croatian history
Zoran Ladić i Ðuro Vidmarović (ur.), Povijest obitelji Zrinski. Zbornik, Zagreb, 2007. (Marija Karbić); Tomo Šalić, Vinkovački leksikon, Vinkovci, 2007. (Šimun Penava); Anna Maria Gruenfelder, U radni stroj velikoga njemačkog Reicha; Prisilni radnici i radnice iz Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2007. (Mario Kevo); Mišo Deverić i Ivan Fumić, Hrvatska u logorima 1941.-1945. Zagreb, 2008. (Mario Kevo); Davor Marijan, Slom Titove armije. JNA i raspad Jugoslavije 1987.-1992., Zagreb, 2008. (Mladen Barać); Zvonimir Šeparović (ur.), O žrtvama u ratu i miru. Zbornik radova 4. hrvatskoga žrtvoslovnog kongresa, Zagreb, 2007. (Šimun Penava); Dragica Šimunec, Vukovarska sjećanja: svjedočanstva medicinskih sestara, Zagreb, 2008. (Šimun Penava); Dubravko Halovanić, Martin Barić i Ivo Turk, Izravni demografski gubici Karlovačke županije u Domovinskom ratu (prilozi za istraživanje demografskih gubitaka Karlovačke županije koji su posljedica ratnog djelovanja od 1991. do 1995. godine), Zagreb, 2008. (Aleksandra Koprivčević); Dubravko Habek, Povijest primaljstva, porodništva i ginekologije bjelovarskog kraja, Bjelovar, 2008. (Zlata Živaković-Kerže)
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Keywords: Praxis; Korčula Summer School; critique; nationalism; Gajo Petović; Milan Kangrga; Danko Grlić; Rudi Supek
In this article the author analyzes the positions of the intellectuals from the former Yugoslavia, gathered around Praxis journal, toward nationalism, as well as nationalists’ critiques of them, mainly from Croatia and Serbia. The analysis covers up the period from the beginning of Praxis to the first decade of this century.
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Keywords: Yugoslavia; Croatia; Dissidents; Communist System
The analytical framework for this discussion of the opposition, dissidents, and activities of opponents of the communist regime in Yugoslavia is derived from the typologies of the historian and political theorist Erhart Neubert.
More...The author analyses the development of Slovak professional theatre after the Second World War from the perspective of emerging generationally-related theatrical artistic teams. He notes that generational manifestations have always been conditioned by the social situation because the basic attributes of this concept are the uniformity of opinion and the ability to strongly articulate civic and artistic views in controversy and confrontation with the prevailing social atmosphere. The 1960s brought about a release of social tension and in this period quite a number of active and trained young theatre artists stepped up against a strong group of older artists, who after years of schematism showed remarkable vitality and were able to absorb many elements of modern theatre. Thus the first underappreciated generational theatre was the Theatre on the Promenade. In the 1970s there was a tendency towards a generational theatre, especially in the theatres in Trnava, Nitra and Martin, but in all cases these were repertory theatres staging productions varying from generational proclamations of “otherness” to mainstream pieces. Clearly defined generational theatre was given the opportunity to develop only after the social upheaval in 1989.
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Keywords: political elite; political elite recruitment; Communist pattern of political elite recruitment; HDZ; SDP; founding election
The paper presents an overview of the emergence and shaping of the Croatian political elite at the beginning of the democratic transition over the period from spring 1989 to late August 1990, when the first Government (Executive Council of the (Socialist) Republic of Croatia) was dissolved. The introductory section defines the concept of the political elite and the fundamentals of examining its recruitment. Thereafter, the formation and the mode of recruitment of political elites in transitional countries is discussed. The main part of the paper examines the particular Croatian experience of the formation and recruitment of the political elite. The electoral winners in the first multi-party and founding election held in spring 1990 were elected based on legal rules and procedures introduced by the former, Communist government. The legislative branch of government was institutionalised through three Councils to which 351 representatives were elected from among more than 1.600 candidates. On the other hand, the executive was divided between the Executive Council (Government), Stjepan Mesić being the first Prime Minister, and the Presidency of the (Socialist) Republic of Croatia, as a collective body, presided by Franjo Tuđman elected to the post by a majority of votes of MPs.
More...Dušan Bilandžić Povijest Izbliza: memoarski zapisi 1945.-2005. (History Up Close: Memoirs) Prometej, Zagreb, 2006, 735 pages Dragutin Lalović Mogućnosti političkoga: preko građanina ka čovjeku (Possibilities of the Political. Via the Citizen towards the Man) Disput, Zagreb, 2006, 284 pages Enes Kulenović Sloboda, pluralizam i nacionalizam: politička teorija Isaiaha Berlina (Freedom, Pluralism and Nationalism: The Political Theory of Isaiah Berlin) Biblioteka Hrvatska politologija, Zagreb, 2006, 152 pages The political theory of Isaiah Berlin European Union, Nation-state and Future of Democracy Hrvatski politološki razgovori (Croatian political science talks), Zagreb, 27-29 October 2006
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Keywords: Croatian Party of Rights; Croatian Defence Forces; Dobroslav Paraga; Political Parties; Homeland War
Based on the party archives, newspaper archives and literature recovery, the author presents the political programs and activities of the Croatian Party of Rights (HSP) from 1990 to 1992. This work analyzes the political aims of the party, the most important personalities associated with it during this period, the significance of its electioneering as well as of its results in the election of 1992. Once the multiparty system was established, HSP was rebuilt by Dobroslav Paraga and Ante Paradžik. The main party’s program was the establishment of an independent Croatian state. Political action of HSP resulted in political killings, political trials of leading party officials and the Party’s schism. The fundamental obstacle to renewal and further development of HSP was the Croatian Democratic Union and its attitude towards HSP.
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Keywords: translation; retranslation; Pinocchio; cultural context; socio-political context; ideology;
The paper looks into Croatian translations of Pinocchio, from its first translation, its later editions, to its retranslations in the 1990s and later. The term “retranslation” is used to refer to a new translation into the same target language of a previously translated work (Koskinen and Paloposki 2010). Pinocchio was first translated into Croatian in 1943 by writer and translator Vjekoslav Kaleb. This translation appeared in numerous editions after 1945 and is still being read by schoolchildren in Croatia. It co-exists with a number of retranslations, which appeared since 1996, in a completely different socio-political and cultural setting. The process of retranslation is interpreted with respect to the retranslation hypothesis. Translation as adaptation (Klingberg 1986) is also used as a theoretical basis for cultural content analysis. The aim of the research is twofold: (1) to establish possible differences between the first translation, its later editions (published after 1945) and the retranslations (published in the 1990s and later), which occurred due to the different sociopolitical context in which they appeared (see Pokorn 2012); (2) to identify culture-specific items, such as personal names, foodstuffs, regional expressions, etc., and to compare the solutions of the translators in different translations; the identified culture-specific units are analysed according to the level of domestication and foreignisation in the translations, and the reasons for retranslations are considered.
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Keywords: parliamentary proceedings; corpus construction; language technology; corpus analysis;
The paper presents the Parlameter corpus of contemporary Slovene parliamentary proceedings, which covers the VIIth mandate of the Slovene Parliament (2014–2018). The Parlameter corpus offers rich speaker metadata (gender, age, education, party affiliation) and is linguistically annotated (lemmatization, tagging), which boost research in several digital humanities and social sciences disciplines. We demonstrate the potential of the corpus analysis techniques for investigating political debates. The corpus architecture allows for regular extensions of the corpus with additional Slovene data, as well as data from other parliaments, starting with Croatian and Bosnian.
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Keywords: Dissidents; Josip Broz Tito; Titoism; Yugoslavia; Communism;
The paper deals with the issue of the Yugoslav dissidents with regard to the system of communist governance and the functioning of the state led by Josip Broz Tito. In the wider context the role of critical intelligentsia – a culture of dissent – is analyzed within distinctive Yugoslav frameworks. The paper includes a shorter overview of the particularity of the Yugoslav dissidents, above all the differences in their perceptions, type of criticism, their mutual relations – as the opponents to the regime, and different destinies of individuals. Special emphasis was put on the West’s position of Yugoslav dissidents which differed considerably in comparison with dissidents from the Soviet Union and other states of real socialism.
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Keywords: Većeslav Holjevac; dissident; League of Communists of Yugoslavia; League of Communists of Croatia; Croatian Spring;
Croatian politician Većeslav Holjevac (1917–1970) has been remembered as one of the most successful mayors of the city of Zagreb. However, his character and political work are scarcely known to the public today. His merits in the cultural sphere are mostly forgotten, as well as the fact that he was one of the most important Croatian dissidents. His case delineates the issue of the Croatian national reform movement known as the Croatian Spring. Due to his solid character he was not afraid to defend his standpoints, even in the fights with communist comrades who were higher in the hierarchy of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, which caused his political decline. The article presents the critical moments of his dissent and political disagreement with his comrades that led him to the role of the party renegade. The article also discusses the claims that Holjevac was to become the leader of the Croatian Spring.
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