Many Croatian scientists have been interested in different and socially relevant issues regarding the general aspects of the knowledge based economy and society during last 15 years of social transformation. They investigated the issues from sociological, socio-cultural, socio-economic, political and social policy perspectives, as well from the starting point of recently developed informing science (IS) perspective. The paper focuses on conditions and processes currently present in Croatian research community.
More...
Keywords: Croatian politicians; Political parties;
The principal component analysis procedure is used in the paper in order to gather more knowledge, based on citizens' attitudes concerning Croatian political subjects, about the fundamental determinants upon which lies the perception of the Croatian political scene. A number of research projects in the pre-election period have shown that the body of Croatian political SUbjects is recognized in the public by means of categories of the "left", "right" and "central" political blocs. All the manifest diversity of party-life can be reduced to the following three factors. In assessment of figures from the political scene the public attaches to them corresponding attributes ("left", "right" and "centre"), but the ruling party is perceived as a separate entity and not as a member of the "right-wing" orientation, as is the case in assessment of parties. The pre-election dynamics of the Croatian political scene has been identified by the conducted research as a greater interior homogenization of parties, in the first place of the HDZ.
More...
Keywords: LGBT rights; Nationalism; Balkans; Europeanization; human rights;
LGBT rights have come to be seen as allied with the idea of “Europe” and a European identity, particularly in the process of European Union enlargement to the East. Scholars have examined the ways in which external norms interact with more local, often “traditional” norms and identities. In this process, nationalism and conceptions of national identity and gender/sexuality norms can be seen as important factors that influence the domestic adoption of LGBT rights, particularly in the postwar Balkans. Croatia and Serbia (from approximately 2000 to 2014) present two interesting and different cases to analyze how discourses and dynamics of national and state identity construction, nationalism, and LGBT rights relate to discourses of “Europeanness” and European identity and how these affect the political dynamics of LGBT rights. This article finds that in Croatia, national identity was constructed in terms of convergence with European norms and identity, homonationalism was used to distinguish themselves from a “Balkan” identity, and there was a lower threat perception of the LGBT community framed primarily as a “threat to the family.” In Serbia, state and national identity was constructed in opposition to Europe and homosexuality had stronger threat perception, framed primarily as “threat to the nation.” In short, nationalism and national identity were less disadvantageous as a domestic constraint to LGBT rights in Croatia than in Serbia. The dynamics between nationalism and LGBT rights played out, for example, in the politics of the marriage referendum, Pride Parades, and public discourse more generally. This research contributes to the scholarship on LGBT rights and nationalism by empirically analyzing the different ways that nationalism, gender/sexuality, and European identity interrelate and influence LGBT rights change in a changing post-war identity landscape and how domestic constraints affect human rights norm diffusion.
More...
Keywords: Bogdan Radica; Franjo Tuđman; State Security Service (Yugoslavia); correspondence; Nacionalno pitanje u suvremenoj Europi;
Based on sources from various fonds of the Croatian State Archives, especially the documentation of the State Security Service of the Croatian Republican Secretariat of the Interior regarding Bogdan Radica and Franjo Tuđman and the correspondence between these two intellectuals who were kept under surveillance by the Service, the author presents the circumstances surrounding the initiative to print Tuđman’s book, Nacionalno pitanje u suvremenoj Europi (The National Question in Contemporary Europe), abroad. Namely, after criminal prosecutions in 1972 and 1981, Tuđman was forcibly removed from social life, pressured by the reality of Yugo-unitarism. The bold effort to publish his book despite all threats grew into an attempt to end his imposed isolation, which lasted until 1988, when he was accepted as a member of the Croatian Writers’ Association, after which he began to participate at public forums and, in 1989, published the book Bespuća povijesne zbiljnosti (Horrors of War: Historical Reality and Philosophy).
More...
Keywords: Croatia; political history; 1970-1984; making of Croatian nation; Yugoslav ethnonational politics; Catholic Church; nationalist movements;
The contemporary Balkan crisis entails the consequential dimension of interaction between mainstream religion and Yugoslav ethnonational politics. Several studies that examined this aspect of the Yugoslav case, provided valuable information and important insights but hesitated to designate the mainstream Yugoslav religious institutions as agents of landmark mass movements. According to mainstream scholarship, religious organizations ordinarily operated as assistants to nationalist movements and populist regimes of late and postcommunism spearheaded by secular forces. [...]
More...
Keywords: Oliver Twist; paratext; retranslations; children’s literature; Croatian translation history;
The aim of the present study is to analyse paratextual elements in Croatian (re)translations of Charles Dickens’ classic social novel Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress (1837–1839). We will explore the level of paratextual (in)visibility of translators in the (re)translations of Oliver Twist and observe how their (in)visibility might affect the reading and interpretation of the novel. The fact that Oliver Twist has been on the reading lists for Croatian primary schoolers ever since the early 1950s may account for the intense interest in the novel on the part of Croatian publishers. The first edition of Oliver Twist into Croatian appeared in 1901 and, since then, three (re)translations have been published, as well as a large number of reprints. The findings aim to contribute to a better understanding of Croatian translation history, shedding light on different approaches to translating children’s literature and the effects such translation practices may have had on the expectations of the target readership.
More...
Keywords: Transformation; Privatization; Capitalism; Primary Accumulation of Capital; Nation-State;
The paper deals with various analyses by Croatian economists of the so-called process of transformation and privatization in the 1990s. In recent decades, especially since the first multi-party parliamentary elections in April 1990, the process of political-economic transformation has not only decisively changed the socio-economic structure of Croatia, but also influenced the Croatian polit-economic thought. By reviewing works by Croatian economists, political economists and sociologists, this paper has the ambition to make a contribution to a new approach of studying the process of transformation and privatization. This paper develops the thesis that the process of transformation and privatization was essentially a restoration of capitalism through primary accumulation of capital. What is also called wild capitalism, cronyism, and even tycoon capitalism – was in fact the usual course of the emergence and development of peripheral capitalism. Its specific feature is connected with the nation-state which had the role of system-maker as well as ruling-classmaker, rather than the other way around – that the ruling class had created its own state and economic system. At the same time, we reject as simplified various conclusions that the transformation and privatization process should have been and could have been more just and fair. In the end, one can better understand the paradox of Croatia starting the process of transformation and privatization as one of the countries with the best features and finishing as one of the most unsuccessful examples.
More...
Keywords: Šimon Jurovský; film music; folklore elements
This paper is devoted to the film music of the Slovak composer Šimon Jurovský (1912– 1963), in the context of the film music composed in Slovakia from the 1940s to the 1960s. A closer analysis is made of selected films, in which Jurovský used musical elements taken from the folk milieu: Varúj! (1947), Pole neorané (1953), Žena z vrchov (1955), Posledná bosorka (1957), Zemianska česť (1957). The musical analysis addresses the treatment of folk songs and the use of musical means which introduced a folk idiom into film music. Attention is drawn to the connections of music with image and the characterisation of individual characters using folklore elements (musical motifs, songs, musical instruments).
More...
The study presents the Croatian reform movement in the second half of the 1960s, known as the Croatian Spring. In this era, Communist leadership in Yugoslavia, and as its part, in Croatia has been experimenting with reforms, which have brought significant economic, political and social transformation. The aspirations of the Croatian Communists were supported by most intellectuals and the Croatian society, the common goal being to increase the autonomy of the republic, to redefine its political, economic and cultural position in Yugoslavia. The paper presents the role of the most important Croatian cultural institution – the Matica hrvatska, the Croatian student movement and the Croatian political emigration. The changes to the federal constitution and the subsequent crisis in Croatia, the fall of the Croatian „reform Communist” leadership and the Croatian movement, are also presented.
More...
Keywords: brass-band of SenjM
In pursuance of the availabe papers and, for the most part, from various letters from Senj and, also, from various pieces of information from old Croatian newspapers between 1835 - 1945, was written an essay on the history of the brass-band from Senj, which was established as far as 1842. It seems that the brass-band from Senj has been one of the oldest musical institutions and societes in Croatia. During the 155 years of its continuance, this brass-band was taking part in all either national, church or city ceremonies, then in occasion of various holidays and in all either public entertainments or art performances. So, this band, by playing specially national pieces of music, encouraged fellow-citizens and neighbouring people (visitors) to endure in those hard times of the struggle for freedom and indipendance of Croatia, thus acquring the epithet of the band of "Senj and Croatia".
More...
Keywords: crime fiction; CSI in translation; genre translation in Croatia;
The aim of the present study is to examine the specific features of translating crime fiction genre in Croatia in the 2000s. Frederic Jameson (qtd. in Rolls, Vuaille-Barcan, WestSooby 2016) foregrounded the notion of crime fiction’s role as the new Realism due to the importance it places on historical and geographical specificity, and the social fabric of our daily lives. In line with this, an assumption could be made that the overvaluation of place in crime fiction may present a particular challenge in translation, not only in terms of translation strategies chosen by translators, but also in terms of preferable marketing strategies pursued by publishers and editors and the correspondence between them. The focus of this study is on the patterns of handling source-culture embeddedness, typical of this genre, in translation. The study examines how diverse agents (editors, translators and language revisers) involved in the production of translations of this genre interact and how their interaction influences the decisions on handling the genre’s embeddedness in a particular, source-culture, reality. As crime fiction novels are a highly popular translated genre in Croatia, crime fiction novels make a substantial portion of the production of the publishing sector. For the purposes of this study I have selected a number of crime fiction novels by several frequently translated authors (P. D. James, Ruth Rendell, Michael Connelly) that have been published by Croatian publishers of diverse profiles, ranging from well-established publishers with long presence on the market to start-ups with a relatively short market life. The data analyzed include interviews with the agents involved (translators, editors and language revisers), peritext of these editions and analysis of selected textual segments.
More...
Keywords: technology business incubator; university business incubator; product innovations; process innovations; R&D activities;
Research Background: The development of fledgling enterprises, especially those associated with medium-high and high technology is not easy. They often need to develop from inception a born global strategy, which is a great challenge at the beginning of a new business. Therefore, there is a global phenomenon of incubation, which supports young enterprises in the early stages of development. In Poland, the institutional dimension of incubation (especially for enterprises associated with modern technologies) consists of technology incubators and university business incubators. Yet, scientific research conducted in the area of entrepreneurship incubation gives contradictory results - some assess their activity positively, others negatively. Purpose of the article: Enterprises located in an incubator should allocate funds for R&D activities and create innovations to develop and gain market advantage. With this in mind, the purpose of the article is to check whether technology incubators and university business incubators contribute to an increase in the likelihood of conducting R&D activities and introducing product and process innovations. Methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 1058 industrial enterprises distributed across 2 Polish NUTS level 2 regions: Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodships. It concerned innovative activity that enterprises conducted in 2014–2016. Thanks to the use of probit modeling determination was made for the probability of introducing new products and conducting R&D works in entities that used the services of incubators in relation to those that did not belong to them. Findings & Value added: Econometric modeling revealed that in the studied regions incubators contribute to an increase in the introduction of product innovations by enterprises and in conducting R&D activities. Support for the process of implementing innovation occurred significantly more often only in the case where technology incubators were involved. At the same time, it was noticed that only academic incubators increased the chances of introducing product innovations on a global scale. This means that tenants of technology incubators are more innovative than entities outside them, but their innovations in terms of the level of novelty do not differ from innovations implemented in entities outside incubators. The conducted study indicated that the transfer of systemic solutions related to stimulating innovation from developed countries to catching-up countries may be successful. This is a guideline for local authorities to create incubators that allow for an increase in the level of innovation of the incubated enterprises
More...
Keywords: Croatia; Serbia; FR Yugoslavia; War; Agreement on normalisation;
Agreement on normalisation of relations between Croatia and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was signed on 23 August 1996 in Belgrade. Two states recognised each other in their internationally recognised borders, although the word recognition is not mentioned in the text of the Agreement. Instead, they recognised to each other historical continuity of statehood which is what both sides preferred and needed. The recognition was on the agenda at the meeting between Croatian President Franjo Tuđman and his Yugoslav counterpart Dobrica Ćosić already in September 1992, at the time when conflict was still ongoing. Later on, Slobodan Milošević also discussed the issue with Franjo Tuđman, but the recognition was seen as impossible at the time because of the open issue of the secessionist territory of Serb Krajina. The other open issue was related to the border in Prevlaka. Still, in January 1994 the first joint declaration between two countries was signed at the level of their Foreign Ministers and it included the need for full normalisation. This was continued through many subsequent high-level meetings. The normalisation was a topic at the peace talks in Dayton. In November 1995 two sides signed the Erdut Agreement on peaceful reintegration of Eastern Slavonia. Finally, after talks in the Athens, two sides signed the Agreement in August 1996. The article presents the main points expressed in the discussion on the occasion of ratification of the Agreement in Croatian Parliament on 19 September 1996.
More...
Keywords: Yugoslavia; Croatia; Šime Đodan; Stipe Šuvar; nationalism; socialism; globalism;
This paper examines the cause, flow, and context of the intellectual and political debate between Stipe Šuvar and Šime Đodan that took place during 1969, in the conditions of socio-political, cultural, and economic turmoil in the then socialist Croatia and Yugoslavia. The main question that was explicitly and implicitly present throughout the debate was: ‘Is Croatia being exploited in Yugoslavia?’ This discussion, however, was multi-layered and more complex than that. In it, the authors touched upon the relationship between nationalism and inter-ethnic economic integration within Yugoslavia as well as the integration of Yugoslavia with the world, the relationship between economy and culture, emotional and rational arguments in the political and economic spheres, nationalism and demographics, modernisation and national/ethnic emancipation, the interaction of processes in the eastern, socialist bloc and in the West, and the consequences that Yugoslavia should draw from them. As a consequence of this more complex interpretation, their opposed positions (struggle of ideas) cannot be reduced to a simple dichotomy such as socialism-nationalism and Croatianness-Yugoslavness. Furthermore, the freer speech that became predominant in Yugoslav and Croatian public space in the 1960s and 1970s made it easier to cross the borders between the economic, political, social, and cultural spheres. The economic dimension of nationalism would prove inseparable from the national discourse, and it would become apparent that it could not be adequately addressed through general debates in the field of economic theory and practice alone. Finally, the Šuvar-Đodan polemic is a reminder of the reflections on globalisation that were then taking place in socialist societies and states, and which had begun long before the fall of the Berlin Wall.
More...
Keywords: Subtitling; Italian; Croatian; sociolinguistic analysis; dialectological analysis; translation strategies; culture-specific items;
Subtitling is a technique of audio-visual translation to which apply particular translating procedures. In Croatia, it is the method of choice when it comes to translating almost all imported audio-visual material. Probably due to the ephemeral nature of this type of translation, since the maximum period of time a subtitle can stay on screen can not be longer than six seconds, Croatian linguistics has so far witnessed only a few linguistic and translation analyses, even though subtitling reaches by far a vaster public than any other translation technique. The paper deals with the aforementioned subject from the point of view of the Italian studies in Croatia. It analyses translation methods employed in the Italian subtitling for the award-winning Croatian short film Ritki zrak (“Thin Air”, 2016). Firstly, the language variety used in the film, which can be defined as contemporary Split youth speech, is described from dialectological and sociolinguistic perspectives. Then the translation strategies used in the subtitles are presented. The analysis is carried out by using the theoretic models proposed for this text type, primarily those of Gottlieb and of Lomheim. Both are based on a classification of procedures used for the purposes of maintaining in the target text the largest possible amount of semantic, stylistic and cultural information present in the source text. Particular attention will be paid to the treatment of culture-specific items which are difficult to translate due to their non-existence in the target culture. Finally, the characteristics of subtitling as an AVT technique will be discussed based on the conducted traductological analysis. Some general observations on the orientation of the translation in this text type will be presented as well.
More...
Keywords: Carniola; Ljubljana; the Spanish flu; 1918–1919;
The first part of the article at hand describes the world at the time of the Spanish flu pandemic, while in the continuation, it focuses on Carniolan cities with an emphasis on Ljubljana, as well as on the countryside. Based on printed sources – despite their scarcity – it manages to illustrate, to some extent, the health situation of the population and at least partially answer the question of whether people were sufciently informed about the epidemiological situation and what the authorities did to ensure their safety. The author does not have any information at her disposal that would shed light on how people perceived the disease that claimed as many lives in such a short period of time as no war or famine before it, how the infected coped with it, how the population reacted to the (insufcient) measures of the authorities, and so on.
More...
Keywords: Josip Šentija; Croatian language; Yugoslav linguistic unitarism; language policy; Radio Zagreb; Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language; Croatian Spring;
The article discusses the contribution that the journalist, lexicographer and publicist Josip Šentija gave to the affirmation of the Croatian literary language by supporting the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language and by defending it against unitary linguistic and political attacks. It further discusses the suppression of the attempted Serbian language colonization of Radio Zagreb; the harvesting of the first postdeclaration fruits manifested in the amended language articles in the 1974 constitutions of Yugoslav republics; the implementation of Art. 138 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Croatia about language in the third edition of the General Encyclopaedia of the Lexicographic Institute, and the cooperation with Miroslav Krleža and the central editorial board in building an encyclopaedic style and nurturing the Croatian language. Finally, the article analyses Šentija’s modern social democratic political orientation and his clear views of national components in the context of the disintegration of Yugoslavia and of the creation of an independent Croatian state, with an emphasis on Croatian-Serbian relations and on Greater Serbian expansionist programme that was partially founded on Karadžić’s motto “Serbs everywhere”, built around the non-scientific premise about the exclusive Serbianness of the Štokavian dialect.
More...
Keywords: Libri & Liberi; 2012–2021; Bibliography;
Libri & Liberi 2012–2021 - A Bibliography of the First Ten Volumes Compiled by Helena Horžić
More...
