The Artists' Summer/ Painters' Invasion in the Banat Mountains
Vara artistilor/ Desant de pictori in Muntii Banatului
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More...Keywords: early feudalism; pre feudalism; rural comunity; political-institutional organization
The main difficulty witnessed by scientifically synthesis studies concerning Banat for post Roman period and early middle Ages were that of a relatively small number of archaeological findings belonging to this area positioned in the scientific circuit by their publication, new findings being mostly unpublished. With the reevaluation of archaeological and documentary information concerning the south western Romania during the 8th and 9th centuries (beginning of the 10th) new possibilities of a better integration of this area within the Romanian history of that period appeared.
More...Keywords: wealth community; town; Banat; regiment; austrian army
Entre les années 1868–1872 les régiments des soldats qui ont défendu plus d'un sičcle les frontičres de sud et d'est de l'Empire Autrichien ont été supprimés. Dans ces conditions, pour les ces services rendus pendant plus d'un sičcle, ces soldats sont devenus propriétaires des vastes superficies de fôrets. Pour l'exploitation de ces fôrets, les anciens soldats du Regiment no. 13 ont pris la décision de s'unir dans la Communauté des Biens, qui avait sa résidence à Caransebeş. Au cours des années, entre 1879 et 1948, à Caransebeş, la Communauté des Biens a influencé la vie des anciennes localités de frontière, en particulier de Caransebeş, Orşova et Băile Herculane. La Communauté a soutenie la développement des unités industrielles, surtout celles qui employaient comme matičre premiére le bois, les constructions des résidences administratives, écoles et habitations, a aidé les élčves et les étudiants doués et a contribué ŕla vie culturelle des villages et des villes
More...Keywords: Metropolitan Vasile Lzrescu, Banat, Orthodox Church
The article evokes the personality of Metropolitan of Banat, Vasile Lăzărescu. It highlights the time of his theological and cultural preparation, his pastoral work as bishop of Caransebeș (1933-1940), bishop of Timisoara (1940-1947) and later as bishop of Banat (1947-1961). It also reviews his theological writings. Metropolitan Vasile Lăzărescu will be remembered as a worthy hierarch of the Church of Christ, a man of integrity and uncompromising about faith.
More...Keywords: chancel table; tree trunk; folk Christianity; rites of building; cult of trees; legends of foundation; pillar of the earth; column of the sky
The paper deals with an ancient ritual of building wooden churches, related to the pre-Christian age. The rite consisted in fixing the chancel table on a tree trunk, cut on its upper side, while its root remains in the earth. This practice has been previously witnessed in the Romanian cultural area, but only now the author examines it. He studies the connections of the custom with folk Christianity, with the rites of building churches and the cult of trees. In the context of the rite’s emergence and development, he enquires, as well, the legends and different information related to it. Considering the trunks found in old wooden churches, the author analyses the species of trees, the forms and the decoration of the foot of the chancel table. From the viewpoint of the symbolic thought, due to this chancel table, the newly erected building stood on the pillar of the earth and on the column of the sky. The author treats also the conditions that contributed to the preservation of this practice through the ages, as well as the causes of its later disappearance.
More...Keywords: Romania; Yugoslavia; Peace Conference from Paris; Banat; borders;
At the end of the First World War, between Romania and Yugoslavia started a conflict because of the establishment of the borders between the two countries, but also because of the Banat problem. The Romanian-Yugoslavian debate dedicated to Banat is part of a series of conflicts that came at the end of the First World War, when the great empires have disappeared also. Despite of all the disagreements, the two states succeeded to step over the Banat different. Later, the two states, Romania and Yugoslavia were members of the same alliances, the little Antanta and Balkan Antanta and developed interesting and fruitful relationships that helped to the strengthen of their relationships and better communication between them.
More...Keywords: press; media; Church; dioceses; mission
Into the year 2017, the „Biserica şi Şcoala”, official’s review of the Arad Archbishopric, is on 140th anniversary since its foundation. At this moment, all the Church media from the Metropolitan See of Banat, has to be together in celebration. The following topic tries, on the one hand, to show the importance of this review for the Church media of this part of the Romanian Patriarchate, and, on the other hand, to stress the bounds between the official reviews of all the dioceses from the Metropolitan See of Banat.
More...Keywords: Banat; Middle Ages; districts romanian; historiography; Caransebeș; The School Teachers Association of the Banat; Great Union;
Iuliu Vuia was born on 11 March 1865 in the village of Felnac, Timiş county. His parents were Eutimiu Vuia and Ecaterina. According to his maternal bloodline, he was a descent of the illustrious Banatian scholar, Constantin Diaconovici Loga. He attended primary classes in his village, then he continued his studies at the middle school in Timişoara and graduated from the Pedagogic School of Arad in 1881. Between 1882 and 1883 he worked as a substitute teacher in Timişoara and, in his free time, as the secretary in the chancery of the erudite archpriest Meleţiu Drăghici. Iuliu Vuia was married twice. First to Elisabeta Oniţă, whom he met while teaching at the Confessional School of Remetea, between 1883-1884. Secondly, to Eugenia Pop, when he was a teacher at Chesinţ,, between 1885-1886. In 1887 his son, Romulus Vuia, was born. Between 1886-1910 Iuliu Vuia was the head-master of the village school in Comloşu Mare. After the Great Union he worked as a teacher at the Pedagogic School of Caransebeş. Very ambitious he graduated the secondary school (non-compuslsory attendance) and after passing the baccalaureate exams he attended the university courses for teachers at University of Cluj. After graduation he taught History and Geography at the Pedagogic School in Caransebeş. Iuliu Vuia was a prolific author of textbooks, History and Pedagogy books, studies and articles. An active participant at the preparatory actions for the Great Union, on 25 October 1918 he was elected a member of the National Romanian Council of Caransebeş. As a representative of the Reunion of the Banatian schoolmasters, he witnessed the great historic act on 1 December 1918. He was also elected in the Great National Council of Sibiu. El a fost ales, de asemenea, în Marele Sfat Naţional de la Sibiu.He died at Caransebeş in 1933. Selected works: Fragmente din istoricul pedagogicului confesional greco-ortodox român din Arad, Arad, 1887; Curs complet de istoria universală a pedagogiei, Caransebeş, 1892; Cartea de învăţătură pentru şcoalele de repetiţiune economice precum şi pentru alte institute, Caransebeş, 1894, 400 pages.; Şcolile româneşti bănăţene în sec. XVIII-lea, Orăştie, 1896; Districtus Valachorum. Cercurile româneşti bănăţene. Cele din Timiş reconstruite pentru prima oară, Timişoara, 1930, 49 pages.
More...Keywords: Banat; Timisoara; Middle Ages; monography; historiography
Emanoil Ungurianu was born on 21 December 1845 at Satchinez, Timiş county. After finishing secondary school in Timişoara (1868) he gratuated from the Law School in Budapest (1872). From 1874 he worked as a lawyer in Timişoara. Between 1885 and1896 he was the bank manager of ‘Timişana’ Bank of Timişoara. Between 1885 and 1897 he conducted Alumneul Românesc. He sustained many Romanian cultural enterprises of the time (eg.: a founding member of Muzeul de Istorie şi Etnografie of Sibiu; a founding member of ASTRA; a founding member of ’Societatea literară Petru Maior’; a founding member of ’Asociaţia pentru cultura poporului român’ of Arad; a founding member of ’Reuniunea învăţătorilor români din Banat’, belonging to the Diocese of Arad; a founding member of ’Reuniunea femeilor române’ of Sibiu; a founding member of ’Reuniunea femeilor române’ of Timişoara; a founding member of ’Reuniunea femeilor române’ of Arad; a founding member of ’Societea pentru sprijinirea teatrului român din Ungaria şi Ardeal’; member of Casina Militară Timişoara; member of ’Societea Istoriceă şi Arheologică Timişoara’; member of ’România Jună’, the literary society of Vienna; member of ’Societatea ziariştilor români din Ardeal şi Banat’; member of ’Societea de gimnastică’ of Timişoara etc.). He was the director of Despărţământul Timişoara al Astrei, one of the founders of the museum of this institution in Sibiu as well as of ‘Dreptatea’, a newspaper printed in Timişoara. He made efforts for the foundation of the Trade Academy of Timişoara. After the Great Union he founded approximately 100 branches of the National Education House. In order to sustain the cultural institution financially, he set up the ‘Emanuil Ungurianu’ foundation which had a found of nearly 500.000 golden crowns which represented the whole inheritance bequeathed to the Diocese of Arad for this purpose. As a member of the 104 Altarul Banatului Romanian National Party, Ungurianu was an active militant for the national emancipation of the Romanians living in the Austro-Hungarian Empire as well as for the realization of the Great Union. On 1 June 1931, the monument dedicated to Emanuil Ungurianu (the first Romanian monumenterected in Timişoara) was finished and was inaugurated on 28 June the same year. The monument can be admired in front of the school which bears its name in the vicinity of Huniade Castle (the Museum of the Banat). He died on 25 March 1929.
More...Keywords: monachism; family; fait; patristic; metropol
Metropolitan Nicolae de Banat (1962-2014) paid special attention to the writing activity by which he made a significant contribution to the theological literature, to the church press and beyond. His work, in which we will meet concerns of the most varied, builds a solid and reference bridge between the distant period of patristic Christianity and today. It is precisely this fact that the time of the Holy Fathers no longer seems outdated and dusty, but it manages to bring them almost by making them contemporary to us. The problems of their time, such as the life of the family and society, the persecution of Christians, the unity of the Church of Christ (to say only a few) are still encountered today, always being current.
More...Keywords: Biblical symbolism; feasts and festivals; sacrifice, Divine Liturgy; redemption;
The author analyzes Psalm 50: 20/51: 19 by highlighting the biblical symbolism of the term “calf”. Several important places in the Old and the New Testaments are analyzed, where the symbol of the „calf“ is used. The essay shows that many of these are found in the Holy Liturgy and underlines the Christological importance of the symbol.
More...Keywords: geographical area; Banat; cultural life; social and political life; Greater Romania;
A prominent character in the geographical area of the post-war Banat region, as mentioned in the press of those times, Sever Bocu was a ‘leader among the leaders of Banat’. Throughout his activity, he progressively involved in both the social, political and cultural life of the geographical area of Banat. After the Paris Peace Conference of January 18-21, 1920, that deeply affected him, Sever Bocu continued to militate for the establishment of the natural borders of the Banat territory. In 1921, he was elected deputy of the Romanian National Party in the Parliament of Greater Romania. The man, journalist and politician Sever Bocu represents a prominent personality of Banat, with a special influence on various events both pre- and post-wars.
More...Keywords: art; Banat; communism; Orthodox Church; historical monuments;
The establishment of communism in Romania has led to major changes throughout the country. The Romanian Orthodox Church did not remain outside the whirlwind of Romania, which was forced to adapt to the new changes. The Orthodox religious art did not undergo major changes, the tradition of the Orthodox Church continued to be respected, the Neo-Byzantine style being predominant. Many of the works of church painting, repairs or renovations were most often made from the own funds of the place of worship, to which were added the funds of the Diocesan Council or the donations of the believers. The hierarchs of the Orthodox Church in Banat sought to identify ways in which they could preserve the Banat Orthodox religious heritage. Analyzing the situation of orthodox religious art in Banat for the communist period, a bridge can be created to reconstruct the evolution of religious art. Post-December historiography has not paid attention to this theme, with priority being the repression of the communist regime over the Church, the situation of the Greek-Catholic Church, as well as the destruction of churches or religious historical monuments.
More...Keywords: tomb; martyr; martyrion; Altar; relics; Eucharist;
In the Romanian Patriarchate, 2021, the commemorative year of those asleep, offers us the opportunity to reflect on the liturgical and cultural value of cemeteries. In this context, we cannot overlook those graves and cemeteries that shelter the bones of the martyrs of the Christian faith. From the beginning of Christianity, they had a special prestige in the piety of the Church. This comes out clearly, especially from the connection between Christian martyrdom and the celebration of the Eucharist. In this article we aim to present how the relics of the martyrs entered the structure of the Eucharistic Altar, while emphasizing the theology that was the basis of this process.
More...Keywords: Ioan; Archbishop of Timișoara; Metropolitan of Banat;
Iubitului nostru cler, cinului monahal şi drept-credincioşilor creştini, har, milă şi pace de la Dumnezeu Tatăl, iar de la noi, părintească binecuvântare. „…întristarea voastră se va preface în bucurie.” (Ioan 16, 20) Hristos a înviat!
More...Keywords: theologian; metropolitan; church; liturgical; diocese;
Spiritual father, profound theologian, founder of churches and monasteries, lover of Christian art and philanthropist, this is how we could characterize His Eminence Archbishop and Metropolitan John.His Holiness has organized, participated in, and lectured at many national and international symposia and conferences, discussing God, the Church, the Gospel, history, and Christian culture. But everywhere he found himself in the Church, because in the Church he brought God down to earth by the liturgical act.
More...Keywords: festive; doctor honoris causa; event; academic; university;
His Eminence Ioan Selejan, Archbishop of Timişoara and Metropolitan of Banat, received, in a festive setting, the title of Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat „King Mihai I of Romania“ Timişoara. The event was attended by representatives of the host university, members of the Timişoara academic community, high church leaders, local and county authorities, students . The proposal for this title came from the Faculty of Agriculture, and was approved unanimously by the University Senate.
More...Keywords: Prayer; philanthropy; Saint Paul the Apostle; Saint Gregory Palamas;
With the blessing of Metropolitan Pantelimon de Veria, this year the 28th edition of the Pan-Orthodox Theological Congress, known as “Pavlia”, took place between June 26-28. The place chosen for the scientific event is marked by the memory of the Christian mission of Saint Paul the Apostle and the time spent in hesychia and persistent prayer by Saint Gregory Palamas. This year’s theme was: “Saint Paul and crisis management”. The distinguished participants set out to analyze how the Orthodox Church today can overcome various crises caused by suffering, diseases, wars and other trials. All these crises can be analyzed starting from the Pauline logic: “I can do all things through Christ, the One who strengthens me” (Philippians 4.13). The impressions produced by this event are the subject of this report.
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