Keywords: separatism; Iasi; Moldova; union; political class;
The political unification of the two Romanian Principalities achieved on d January 1859, followed by the administrative union which was to be achieved in the next three years, cause different reactions in Romanian society. The reproaches against the central government led indirectly by the Alexandru Ioan Cuza took, during the year 1866, the form of political movements that had as stated aim the separation of the two principalities. Thus, unification performed was presented as a bankrupt political process and deeply unfair against Iaşi and Moldova as a whole. How deeper was the form of protest which breaks out in Iasi in the spring of 1866 against the centralization process and wich will be the duration in time represents a primary objective of the present study. Our analysis covers the period 1866-1871, to see how the leaders involved in the process of unification succeed to relate at the requests of political leaders for who affiliation to a historical region imposes certain obligations. Another objective of our research is to find out how did the romanian political class to handle complaints and requests from the eastern part of the Milcov.
More...Keywords: Metropolitan; county; bishoporic; deanery; pastoral
Using the bibliography and the literature of speciality, the author presents in this paper the way how Romania's administrative-territorial changes were reflected in the institutional structure of the Orthodox Church. Between the two institutions, one with secular and one with religious profile, always existed collaboration, and the last one, always organized itself respecting the administrative-territorial units of the former. Also in crucial moments of national history, such as the Great Union event, Church had an important role in contributing through organizing elements and by the pastoral ones, at the incorporation of new territories in the structure of the country and the legislative and administrative uniformity of their existing here. The article shows how the Church has always respected their specific geographical areas, organizing metropolises in provinces such as Moldavia, Wallachia, Transylvania, Bessarabia, Bukovina, and the Banat, and was responsible for leading the faithful in counties or nets, organized the archbishops, bishops, or deaneries, n the proper shepherding of Orthodox believers who lived in the country. It also examines how administrative division of Romania is reflected today in the institutional structures of the Orthodox Church, given that in recent years, many dioceses were established, which were added to a metropolitan, and a vicarage (the Ukrainians in Maramureş). The paper fills a gap in Romanian research specialist, because of our knowledge, specialized Romanian literature not know before such a study to analyze this issue.
More...Keywords: territorial development; socio-demographic phenomena; development regions; Romania;
It is well known that in recent years, the issue of sustainable development, economic competitiveness, convergence and, recently, the integrated development, constitutes the major landmarks of the concerns of the majority of EU member countries. And, nevertheless, all the objectives of development undertaken at European Union, at the national or local level, are strongly marked by socio - demographics phenomena which manifestations are difficult to predict or control. Assuming that the economic development at the national or territorial level is crucial influenced by the context of socio-demographic and by its evolution, we can say that, in fact, national or regional population, the population density, age or residential structure of population, rate of ruralisation or urbanisation, the rate of net internal or external migration, and the degree of aging of the population, poverty rates, and other information that define the profile for a national population, is a good starting point for a better definition of several economic issues, and so, that any changes in demographics nationwide, at regional and area of residence may cause major implications on the development potential of the entire country , as the main factor of influence.
More...Keywords: tourism; sustainable development; wine; vineyards
Wine tourism is spread all over the world and attracts thousands of wine-passionate tourists, wonderful landscapes of vineyards, captured by itineraries punctuated by wineries and cellars, each with its history or architecture, its traditions. Thus, this paper aims to explore the tourist phenomenon that unfolds around wine, taking into account the extent of wine tourism at European level, and especially its development in Romania.
More...The Serbs and the Romans have been living together for centuries in a very close neighbourhood. They managed to preserve the two main features of their national entities: different languages and the same religion. Rumanians lived in bigger or smaller numbers in 37 villages and towns in Banat in the middle of the 19th century. Those are: Bela Crkva, Kovin, Pan~evo, Vr{ac, Zrenjanin and later Novi Sad. According to background of some groups, Rumanians in Banat can be called Bana}ani, Kri{ano - Erdeljci and Oltenci. Inhabitants of some settlements in the neigbourhood of Vr{ac are mostly Rumanian, and they are considerd to be the oldest part of Rumanian inhabitants in this area. Both Serbs and Rumanians had different names for smaller groups of inhabitants. Those names were pottery makers, police and peasants. Most Rumanians and elderly Rumanian women speak today both Rumanian and Serbian. If there is only one person who is Serbian, they do it as a rule. Different attitudes towards organization of church life were coordinated after gaining independence of the Rumanian Orthodox Church (1864). In Arabian - Rumanian settlements there are two Orthodox Churches in each settlement (each for one nationality), and they cooperate well. As a minority, the Rumanians kept inter ethnic endogamy concerning marriage relationships. But, there were also cases when Rumanian daughters - in - law changed the ethnic look of Serbian village and vice versa. There was endogamy in some Rumanian ethnic groups concerning marriage as a result of specifications in folk costume, diet etc. In the last few decades, structure qualification of Rumanians from Banat has been changed: there is smaller percentage of farmers and bigger percentage of tradesmen and intellectuals educated in Rumania. There are many Rumanians from Banat who moved to the USA, searching for better life. But that has nothing to do with the relation between them and the Serbs.
More...Keywords: number; generation; printers; ruler; language; culture; value; support; defender; development; founder; hierarch; development; holy
Worthy of remembrance, of the way in which he knew to sacrifice most of his life, of promoting the national and cultural treasure, or of useful teachings of the orthodoxy and the diplomacy of time, but also through the special efforts to promote the language of this Gentile, Saint Hierarch Antim Ivirean appears through all that are succinctly shown as a founder of the Romanian language of worship and one of those people who have made special connections in the process of developing a cultural movement. His honoring and celebrating is naturally like the honors of the hermits and anti-Semites, many of whom lived life mourning, teaching us to cherish language and race, and became, as in this case, the living vineyards of saints from whose life I do not know much.
More...Keywords: architecture; tradition; functionality; Cantacuzino; innovation
The modern period of architecture brought with it essential prefaces in the international architecture programs, generated by industrialization and by the new perspective of development of the society. Internally, architects manifest themselves in three main directions - traditional, classical and modern, in an attempt to create a national style. The architect George Matei Cantacuzino, inspired by foreign experiences, manages to see the solution for a quality architecture - the symbiosis between tradition and functionality, without which we could not aspire to spirituality. The research is based on the critical analysis of the existing specialized works and on the field research, using as investigation methods the architectural survey of constructions, their photographic survey, visual observations and surveys on the construction materials used in the commissioning, where it was used. possible. Following the research of the architectural work of the architect George Matei Cantacuzino, the philosophical principle of his creation is clear - the relation to tradition, in which you must be permanently anchored, looking to the future, to the needs of the human being in a continuous dynamic. He created his own style, anchored in tradition, defined as a synthesis of the Renaissance architecture of Andrea Palladio and of the Byzantine architecture, specific to the Romanian people, from whose origins were born either architectural objects or original, innovative architectural elements. both for that time and for the present architecture, through the structures, the materials of construction, the solving of the parts or the reinterpretation of the traditional peasant architecture with the instruments of a cult architecture. The innovation at George Matei Cantacuzino consists in the fact that the architecture created by him is a synthesis of the great architectures - classical, from the point of view of the compositional principles, Byzantine - characterized by clean geometric forms, materials and vivid colors, Renaissance - by organizing the space and through programs of architecture, sobriety and delicacy of forms, lines and modernity - by synthesizing, purifying, transforming and bringing all volumes and decorations to the human proportion.
More...Keywords: Pandemic; shrinking cities; social distancing
The COVID-19 pandemic produced a series of drastic short-term changes in everyone's life and generated a professional debate regarding the long-term impact it will have on the public space. In the context in which we are in the twelfth month since its debut worldwide and nine months after the first measures in Romania, we can see its effects especially for those cities that were vulnerable until then: shrinking cities. Between March and December 2020, a number of specialized articles were published in the hope of identifying certain patterns of reconfiguration of socio-economic processes and the impact of measures imposed by the health crisis on public spaces. This paper uses classical methods of synthesis, analyzing the literature published in this interval to identify the first signs of pandemic effects in city life, especially shrinking cities. The results show that, in fact, shrinking cities are favored in the pandemic context in terms of phenomena that benefit them, by limiting brain drain to magnet cities and accelerating programs of projects to increase the quality of life by increasing the quality of the urban environment. In conclusion, the measures that can be implemented by local authorities to use public space in the most efficient way, taking into account the current conditions imposed by social distancing, are presented.
More...Keywords: Romania; neighbouring countries; 1918-2018;
More...Keywords: labor law; human rights; jurisprudence; Constitutional Court; worker;
The paper addresses the controversial issue of interference between labor and human rights, bringing into question the possibility of protecting the worker not only as a contracting party, but as a person. From a structural point of view, the analysis is carried out on two levels: theoretically, by presenting doctrinal differences in the matter, and jurisprudentially, by referring to solutions of the ECHR, the Constitutional Court and labor courts in the matter. Somehow, we could say that the two approaches - the labor law and the human rights protection - meet in the jurisprudence in the middle of the road, no longer being differentiated by the purely collectivist character of the first and the purely individualizing of the second. The worker-citizen, as holder of the fundamental human rights, can claim, on this foundation, even specific rights, otherwise, to the labor relations. The problem remains open, but the reality is that human rights have enriched the figure of the employee-individual, by feeding the legal order by the rights and freedoms of the human person
More...Keywords: conceptual clarifications; dramaturgical interpretation; Tiganiada (The Gypsies; Camp)
We have selected some revealing quotes for the evolution and involution of the aesthetics of the ugly (as Evil), always associated with the barbarian, the savage, the primitive. The selection took into account the paradigmatic moments of history and the radical changes that took place. The preoccupation of the Baroque, as a refinement of man (Christian), was the pedagogical distinction between animalitas and humanitas, between biological and cultural, the search for unity between the physical and metaphysical aspect of man, between the civilization of the word (writing) and the primitivism of orality (voice). The Baroque foreshadowed the emergence of a new model of reference to universal values and national specificity, as Freedom, even if still opposed to libertinism and anarchy, and in Enlightenment and Modernity
More...Keywords: motivation of prayer; time of prayer; effects of prayer; internal religiosity; external religiosity;
The article includes the main results of a research that used the questionnaire-based survey as a method of collecting data from students aged 13-19 years, from the Orthodox Theological Seminary "Saint Simion Stefan" in Alba Iulia. The research did not include students from high school classes with a theological vocational profile and benefited from 237 responses to the questionnaire administered online. The analysis of the data shows that education in a theological environment trains students including aspects related to the pedagogy of prayer. Also, the data of our research show that through an education that values the role of personal prayer and of common prayer in the church, the differences according to gender in relation to prayer (motivations, states of mind that generate it, effects over time) decrease considerably. At the same time, the data show that girls pray more than boys, have a greater capacity to show gratitude to God for the help received, and feel the peace of mind that personal prayer provides to a greater extent than they do.
More...Keywords: Alba Iulia; high school; choir; education; orchestra; teachers;
After the epochal event in Alba Iulia on the 1st of December 1918, the first state high school in Transylvania was established here, having the name of the ruler "Mihai Viteazul". Among the studied subjects, music had an essential place. Music was taught by teachers with musical studies as well as with pedagogical tact. In addition to the theoretical knowledge, they also shared with their students the practical skills of singing in the choir and playing musical instruments. Thus, teachers established school choirs and orchestras, which were the pride and cultural standard of this prestigious high school.
More...Keywords: Saint Paisie; Mount Athos; hesychastic way; Neamt Monastery; spirituality;
The life of Saint Paisie is very well known and he dedicated himself to God from his youth. During his time in Mount Athos he discovered the work and thoughts of Saint Gregory Palamas and decided to adopt the hesychastic way of life. His coming to Neamt Monastery as a abbot gave him the possibility to practice Lord’s Prayer and the hesychastic spirituality. The paper underlines much of his work done during his abbacy at Neamt Monastery.
More...Keywords: Romania; Banat; interwar period; education;
Dezvoltarea inegală a provinciilor românești, rezultat al mutațiilor istorice intervenite în decursul timpului, și-a pus amprenta și asupra învățământului și culturii din perioada interbelică. învățământul bănățean a beneficiat de o dezvoltare deosebită încă din perioada iluministă ; astfel, regulamentele austriece au prevăzut îmbunătățirea și lărgirea rețelei de școli sătești, ce cuprindea la sfârșitul secolului al XVIII-lea peste două sute de școli, dintre care 147 românești, 60 germane și 52 sârbești1. De asemenea, anumite modele educaționale par a fi fost stimulate de vechile normative impuse în răstimpul celor o sută șase ani de graniță militară austriacă, normative care au generat modificări de substanță și în mentalitatea bănățenilor. Totodată, interfețele lingvistice, confesionale și culturale din această zonă au conferit o anume specificitate practicilor și principiilor educaționale, relevată în discursul referitor la educație.
More...Keywords: Miercurea Ciuc; urban and touristic development;
This part of the volume presents the tourist town of Miercurea Ciuc. The study is based on the analysis of the inner areas of the municipality classified into four categories, according to their touristic potential. The main objective is to identify activities and projects proposed in these delineated areas of interest. Therefore, the study presents the objectives and the proposed activities for six areas with a high or moderate interest in Miercurea Ciuc, and some local hazards that may affect the balanced urban and touristic development of that area.
More...Keywords: reviews; book reviews; Europe; Central Europe; culture; politics; identity; literature; Romania; Interculturality;
Reviews of: 1. Jaques Le Rider, Modernitatea vieneză și crizele identității, tradusă în românește de Magda Jeanrenaud, Editura Universității „ALL Cuza” Iași, 1995. 2. Virgil Nemoianu, Micro-Armonia-dezvoltarea și utilizarea modelului idilic în literatură, Editura Polirom, Iași, 1996. 3. Revenirea în Europa, Antologie de Adrian Marino, Editura Aius, Craiova, 1996. 4. Andrei Corbea-Hoisie et Jacques Le Rider, Metropole und Provinzen in Altösterreich (1880-1918) (Metropolă și provincie în Vechea Austrie, 1880-1918), Published by Böhlau (1996). 5. Erich Zöllner, Istoria Austriei, Ediția a VIII-a (vol. 1 și 2), traducere de Adolf Armbruster, Editura Enciclopedică, București, 1997. 6. Adam Michnik, Scrisori din închisoare și alte eseuri, traducerea și îngrijirea ediției : Adriana Babeți și Mircea Mihăieș, cu o prefață de Vladimir Tismăneanu, Editura Polirom, Iași, 1997. 7. Timothy Garton Ash, Foloasele prigoanei. Lanterna magică, în românește de Catrinel Pleșu, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 1997. 8. George Ciorănescu, Românii și ideeafederalistă, Editura Enciclopedică, București, 1966, ediție îngrijită de Georgeta Penelea Filitti. 9. Leszek Kolakowski, Horror Metaphysicus, Editura All, 1997, traducere și adnotare de Germina Chiroiu. 10. Vladimir Tismăneanu, Reinventarea politicului. Europa Răsăriteană de la Stalin la Havel, traducere de Alexandru Vlad, studiu introductiv de Dan Pavel, Polirom, Iași, 1997. 11. Irena Grudzinska Gross, Cicatricea Revoluției, în românește de Irina Giușcă, Editura Athena. 12. Slavenka Drakulić, Balkan Express, în românește de Petronela lacob, Editura Athena, București, 1997. 13. Victor Neumann, Identități multiple în Europa regiunilor. Interculturalitatea Banatului, Editura Hestia, Timișoara, 1997.
More...Keywords: threshold; iconostasis; French language; Orthodoxy; semantical study; contrastive perspective;
This paper proposes a semantical, anthropological and semiological approach to the iconostasis of the Orthodox churches, defined as a threshold between the nave and the sanctuary, between the visible world of the worshippers and the invisible world of the heavenly powers and God. The paper considers a lexical-semantic study of two nouns used in French to refer to this dividing wall, as well as other words (and phrases) which designate other elements of the architectural ensemble which compose the iconostasis; this semantical study will be accompanied by a semiological analysis of the symbolism of the iconostasis (based on the works of liturgical hermeneutics) and of the the liturgical gestures which the iconostasis determines and guides from a semiological point of view, supported by a corpus of notes recorded in France and in Romania (during the liturgical practice) and by a few theological works.
More...Keywords: homicides; Romania; rural areas; geographical differences;
Consisting of extremely violent and seemingly random events, the phenomenon of homicides is often considered a sign of social pathology and thus the spatial dimension that it can acquire through the various processes that lead to its territorial rooting is lost sight of. Our research is focused on discovering the geographical dimensions of this phenomenon within the Romanian rural spaces. The choice of the rural area is not accidental: between 2011 and 2020 more than 62.5% of homicides were recorded in this environment, which, according to the official statistics of the 2021 census, amounts to only 47.8% of the total population. Noticing the spatial differentiation of the phenomenon allows, on the one hand, to support the construction of public prevention policies, and on the other hand, it allows the initiation of a reflection on the efficiency of the geographical distribution of the means available to the institutions charged with the administration of various operational aspects related to homicides.
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