Keywords: Romanian literature; Basarabia; war; communism; writers
The main aim of this paper is to highlight the year 1966 and the Romanian literature in Basarabia. Three novels will be discussed being the result of a literature damaged by the esthetic immersion of social realism and the communist ideology. 1966 is an important point in the history of the Romanian novel from Basarabia and a momentuous stage in the development of Romanian literature in Basarabia.
More...Keywords: Romanian Intelligence; historiography; Romania; Bessarabia; the Second World War; interwar period.
The first publications referring to the Romanian information and counter information activities were puplished in Romania in the interwar years. Some of them were about the activity of the police and security organs during the First World War (Vasile Daşkevici, Theodor Culitza) and the others about the fight with subversive currents from the interwar years. (Gociman Aurel; Zinovie (Zaharia) Husărescu, Constantin Maimuca şi Dumitru Stancov). A few works were dedicated to the activity and contribution of some important persons from Romanian police and security organs (Carada Th. Marius, Popa Ionel). Abstract: Mass-media of that time wrote a lot about the Police, Gendarmerie and Security Organs. The newspapers that wrote about them were „Lupta”, „Curentul”, „Dimineaţa”, „Dreptatea”, „Adevărul”, „Ordinea”, etc. Various materials referring to the activity and problems of the Romanian Police Authority and the activity of the policemen from other countries were published in specialized magazines – „Revista Poliţiei” (published from 1919), „Revista pentru Siguranţa Statului” şi „Poliţia Română” (published from 1925), „Buletinul Direcţiunii Generale a Poliţiilor şi Siguranţei Statului” (published from 1928).
More...ABSTRACT As a synaesthesic form of art, the visual poetry appeared and flourished on the borderline between fine arts and poetry. Did visual poetry of the European avantgarde appear ex abrupto et ex nihilo? I am not sure whether we can speak of a tradition in the plain sense of the term, but we can undoubtedly make reference to a series of archaic picto-poetic occurrences, composite works in which the sign and the letter, the drawing and the writing, interblend on the surface of the same page in order to enhance the expressive valence of the message. Suffice it to recall the old illuminated manuscripts, with ornaments and calligraphy in various inks and lettertypes; the tomb stelae and tomb slates, as well as the painted crosses; the different talismans or amulets etc. The majority of the Romanian avant-garde poets and artists were of Jewish origin: Tristan Tzara, Marcel Iancu (Janco), Victor Brauner, Ion Vinea, Ilarie Voronca, Isidore Isou etc. We cannot out-rule the possibility that some of them might have been influenced by the visual forms of ancient Jewish manuscripts and traditional wedding contracts (ketubot).
More...Keywords: neologisms; loan; linguistic unit; duration; frequency; adapting
Our study aims to analyze the neologisms from their entry in the language and up to their certificate in a specialized dictionary. There are several opinions in the literature in what concerns the useful neologic character of a created or lent word from a language, but also from the time when there is a discussion about a new word in the language. The neologity problem of a word remains so vague and poorly defined, as it is necessary a detailed study on this topic. In the second part of the study we approached the problem of neologic loans adaptation from one language a problem that led to numerous controversies and which becomes a fundamental element in the modernization and cultivation of Romanian language process
More...Keywords: Obşte; communalist society; covenantal society; Romanian ethno-genesis; military democracy; Early Christians;
The question when and how the Romanian ethno-genesis took place is controversial. Noticing the similarity between the social organization known as obştea and the covenantal organization of Early Christians this work argues that the Romanian culture and language came into existence as a consequence of the Roman retreat. The political vacuum thus created accelerated conversions to Christianity and the formation of covenantal Christian communities. These communities later called obşte constituted the cradle of a new Christian ethnos which evolved into the modern Romanian nation.
More...Keywords: Clergy; Financing; Cuza; Secularization; Church;
The present study refers to the financing sources of the orthodox clergy in the context of the secularization of monastery estates. The Law on the Secularization of Monastery Estates was adopted and published on 17/29 December 1863. In exchange for the religious assistance offered, the clergy could get from the parishioners money or different donations. Among the financing sources for the clergy we distinguish gifts or the monetary equivalent for services rendered. To the income obtained from the parish where they functioned, the money obtained from different administrative acts issued by the ecclesiastical authorities would also be added. The voluntariate carried out by the parishioners could be viewed as done in the interest of the priest and of the place of worship. The historical event, to which this paper refers, meant for the Romanian clergy the debut of a regime according to which the priest was considered a mere civil servant and the Church entered a period of submission to the state
More...Keywords: women’s re-writing; postcolonial criticism; feminist criticism; cultural and emancipatory acts; midrash
Feminist and postcolonial writers in the second half of the 20th century actualized the re-writing of narratives-classics from the past. The paper focuses on contemporary women’s re-writing, whence narratives from the past are rewritten from a woman’s perspective, in the case of feminist criticism, or the perspective of the colonized, in the case of postcolonial critics, with a clear aim to criticize existing male or imperialistic dominance. These re-writings are formed as specific cultural and emancipatory acts, and the re-writing from a literary act becomes an important cultural and critical strategy and a literary phenomenon with a cultural meaning. In postcolonial criticism, the rewritings give voice to the colonized character, i.e. the marginalized one, thus transforming the story and our perception of the past, by giving insight into the antagonism between imperialistic discourse and the discourse of the submissive one who starts to rebel. In feminist criticism, the rewriting gives voice to the silenced and marginalized women not given a chance to tell their side of the story. The Midrash is a part of the feminist rewriting. The novel Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys is part of the postcolonial writing and the novel The Red Tent by Anita Diamant is part of feminist rewriting. These novels are examples of the contemporary women’s re-writing by which the re-writing becomes a tool for intervention in the canon and has a great impact on the de-centralization, de-universalization, and demystification of the literary canon.
More...Keywords: hotel industry; Mures County; quantitative research; services strategy
Tourism is one of the components that has experienced the highest rising both nation ally and internationally. Within this field of activity, the hotel industry is one of the most representative and dynamic elements, generated by the relation with environment through the products and services that they supply. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to emphasize and analyze the relation between the dimension of performance indicators and the services strategy of hotels in Mures County (Romania). With this purpose in view, we mention that we have carried-out a quantitative research, through a number of 42 questionnaries managed by hotel managers and data gathering period occurred in June-September 2012. The results emphasize a partial confirmation of the tested hypotheses, complementing the results of research carried-out internationally. The research conclusions are important theoretically and empirically, they complement the professional literature and provide the managers a frame that results in raising economic performances and implicitly increase of competitiveness.
More...Keywords: Suceava;classical studies;translations from Greek and Latin
The author presents the teaching and research activity in classical studies, as well the translations from Greek and Latin in Suceava up to 1944. These are proofs on the reception of Antiquity in Suceava and Bucovina, as an expression of the intellectual life.
More...Keywords: ethnoarcheology; nettle; medicinal properties; rituals; customs
The Nettle (Urtica dioica) – also known as Large Nettle and Live Nettle, is a plant known from ancient times to have healing properties. It is widely spread all over the world. The use of the nettle in food or as a medicinal plant began from time immemorial, judging by its popularity in folk culture, both regarding its uses as well as its presence in beliefs and rituals linked to its harvest and processing. The Nettle is also named Marţ’s weed, as it is compared to the god Mars (who is fast and strong), and it begins its vegetative cycle in March. The nettle is used to make sour soups and simple foods, or in combination with other vegetables, as well as in various magic rituals of rejuvenation.
More...Keywords: National Bibliometric Tool;bibliometric indicators;scientific assessment;the Republic of Moldova
The paper presents the National Bibliometric Tool (NBT) as a relevant source for the assessment of national science whose use and impact are increasing. NBT is a national digital repository that stores, classifies and measures public data on the scientific contributions of researchers from Moldova1. NBT was developed by the Information Society Development Institute as part of the project “The National Bibliometric Tool Development” implemented in the period of 2010-2011. Compared to international databases NBT provides broader coverage of local scientific production and reflects the evolution of national flow of publications. At the moment the National Bibliometric Tool includes about 38,000 articles from 93 scientific journals. The system is in a gradual completion phase and includes the scientific articles published in the period of 2000-2015. NBT is intended for different categories of users and provides for visualizing information on publishing articles of an author, distributing journals and articles according to scientific domains, displaying the dynamics of articles publication, etc. NBT ensures the automation of monitoring how journals comply with the criteria regarding their recognition as scientific publications in the field.
More...Keywords: rentability; risk; volatility; macroeconomic factors; microeconomic factors
In the last period, the study of the risk and the return of stocks continues to be a very important area of research due to the increasing attention that the investors give to the trend of the capital market.The scope of this paper is to identify the significant determinants of the return of stocks, but also the modelling of the capital market risk. Taking into consideration the previous researches, we identified some microeconomic and macroeconomic factors which can change the return of stocks. As respects the macroeconomic determinants, we took into consideration the interest rate, the inflation rate, the contagion effect and the exchange rate. In addition to this, we used as microeconomic factors the return on equity rate, the return on assets rate, and some other indicators as price earnings ratio, price to book value, the financial leverage, the illiquidity, the market capitalisation and the trading volume. Also, this paper presents a method of risk modelling for the romanian capital market, in order to identify the impact of the historical volatility on the present volatility and the speed of the volatility absorption.
More...Keywords: justice; law; repression; article 193 of the Criminal Code
The study unveils a historiographical error. We point out the decrees that introduced retroactively the secret article 193¹ in the Criminal Code, which incriminated “the intense activity of the working class and the revolutionary movement”. That article was extensively used by the repressive system of justice after 1954. However, the decrees were not published and the changes they brought to the Criminal Code were not mentioned in the official documents between 1954-1960 or later
More...Keywords: rewriting; lesbian and gay criticism; identity; sex; gender
This study analyses Michael Cunningham’s novel The Hours as a rewriting of Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, in relation to a direction found in the literary studies of today, i.e. lesbian and gay criticism, and the theory of rewriting as the literary expression of an ideology that blasts all forms of power imposed by canons. The identity theme of Michael Cunningham’s rewriting is seen as a permanent negotiation between gender and sex, as Cunningham’s novel investigates not only the sources of the sexual options – homosexuality /heterosexuality / autoeroticism – and the issue of affective fulfilment in this existential formula, but also the determination of gender roles in three societal structures existing in different moments in time.
More...Keywords: emotional intelligence; sexual identity; sexual orientation; development of heterosexual; gay and lesbian identity
This research aims to capture the importance of developing people’s emotional intelligence, regardless their sexual orientation. Mayer & Salovey (2016) argue that a person's ability to recognize emotions, understand their meaning and manage them appropriately contributes to their personal, professional, and social adaptation. The results show that emotional intelligence plays an essential role both in homosexuals’ opening-up to others with regard to their sexual orientation and in the heterosexuals’ attitude toward the minority sexual group.
More...Keywords: sapiens; storia; antropologico; umano; biologico; materialistico; anima; epistemologico; ontologico; determinismo;
Punti critici sulle idee antropologiche negli scritti di Yuval Noah Harari. L’articolo si propone di opporre critiche specifiche, di natura prevalentemente filosofica, sulle idee antropologiche degli scritti del famoso storico e pensatore contemporaneo, Yuval Noah Harari, dopo un tentativo analitico multidimensionale di comprendere la sua popolarità e l’enorme successo mediatico del suo primo libro Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, diventato un bestseller internazionale e attraversato da una serie d’influenze di idee classiche. Andando, soprattutto, sulla linea dell’intertestualità, questa lettura critica delle concezioni di Harari circa l’essenza dell’essere umano si basa sull’esistenza di incongruenze categoriche negli approcci bio-psico-sociali, raddoppiate dall’assolutizzazione dell’uso del criterio scientifico (materialista) nella spiegazione dell’umano, suscettibili di creare una serie di vulnerabilità epistemologiche nella descrizione della natura ontologica immanente del sapiens.
More...Keywords: sexual orientation; homosexuality; plasticity; convertion therapy; changed efforts; religiously mativated;
Over their lifetimes most people manifest stability regarding their atraction, orientation and sexual identity, while a minority fluctuates. Sexual fluidity is more noticeable among gay and lesbian people. Some of the people who have followed sexual reorientation therapy have made some progress in their transition to heterosexuality. Posibile harms subsequent to such a therapy are not higher than those subsequent to therapies for various maladies. The present study aims to provide an overview of sexual reorientation therapy and other aspects that accompany it.
More...Keywords: Caragiale’s centenary; satiric works ecranisation; Marxist propaganda; artistic resistance; restart of the Romanian postwar cinematography;
A lesser-known episode was that of the rediscovery by the cinematographic means of the works of I. L. Caragiale at his first (!) centenary from 1952. The coordinates of this restitution have already historically been described, but our study proposes on that base a new critical „reading” in the key of cultural anthropology. This will highlight the artistic resistance of Caragiale's satires to the cinematographic attempt of „agitprop” to parasite the works of the classic to the Romanian theater, too.
More...Keywords: consular protection; Europeanisation; European administration; emergency travel document; EU citizen;
This paper seeks to review the evolution of consular protection management in the European Union. The process of Europeanisation has reached its current profile through three stages of evolution and we are likely to see further institutionalisation, with several available alternatives. The historical analysis outlines the rationale for a further process of Europeanisation in the light of changes in the legislative powers of the EU, exploring the nature of legal regulatedness and aligning it with the development of fundamental rights, and presents a prognosis for the next stage of development in the light of experience to date. The research findings, based on an analysis of normative rules of various origins, regulatory and binding, preparatory documents, official statistics and reports as primary sources, and literature on specific aspects of the subject, also suggest that an effective consular protection policy will require changes in the tasks and competences in the next development stage. The existing consular enforcement apparatus in the Member States should be better integrated with the network of EU delegations, at least for some of the specified consular protection tasks. This raises further regulatory issues, but it is undeniable that the Europeanisation of consular protection administration is moving in this direction.
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