Statistic data concerning the parishes, filiations and believers from the Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj on the 1st of September of 1940. It is shown in the following chart that on the 1st of September of 1940 there were eight districts of the Bishopric de Cluj (the one of BistriŃa, Cluj, Dej, Huedin, Lăpus, Târgu Mures and Unguras), with 193 parishes, 56 filiations and 153.627 believers. The statistics are important for the History of the Romanian Orthodox Church, because they offer us exact data concerning the parishes, the filiations, the priests and the number of believers, but, at the same time, also for those who deal with problems of demography.
More...Keywords: Historiography; Church History; Archives
The aim of this paper is to review the main categories of archival sources and topics concerning the recent past of Romania ’s Churches, especially Romanian Orthodox Church. One tried to outline the difficulties regarding the access to Church Archives or Archives of the Communist Secret Police (preserved at CNSAS). Is a good opportunity to ascertain and analyze few “diseases” of both Romanian historiography and its archival system. After 1989 some Archives – preeminently the Archives of the Secretariat for the Religious Denominations and the Archives of the Romanian Orthodox Church’ Holy Synod – were not wide places for keeping public records and documents which can be studied equally by all researchers without any discrimination. Under the influence of morally compromised prelates and theologians numerous approaches of Church History revealed both a strong partiality favoring one Church over the other and a constant attempt to spread old historiographical clichés.
More...Keywords: Apuleius; Apology; Metamorphoses; Christian cult; Roman religion; Tertullian; Tacitus.
Apuleius between the Apology of Roman Religion and the Christian Cult Discredit. During the II century a.Chr., in its late Roman forms, the Egyptian religion coexisted with the new religious phenomenon of the Christian cult. The individuals had two options for the form and cult practice to choose as a matter of a strict existential nature, that rised the question of the historical development of the Egytpian religion too and consequently the one of the crisis and of the cause of its eminent end under the influence Christian missionarism. So far, the research in the history of religion field prediliged the phenomenologic approach to the historic and existential one, that made possible the idea of continuity and coexistence of the ancient Pagan religion along with the Christianism, this religious turning point being almost impossible to perceive.
More...Keywords: manuscripts; option; Bible; translation; equivalence
The notes written for the Book of Daniel have mainly philological character resulting, for the most part, from the collation of MS.45, MS.4389, BIBL.1688, BIBL.MICU with SEPT.FRANKF., SEPT.BOS and, in some cases, with SEPT.RAHLFS. To see more clearly the relation between the Romanian Bible versions I have used for comparison some subsequent editions of the Bible: the St. Petersburg edition of 1819, the Buzau edition of 1854, the Filotei edition of 1856, the Sibiu edition conducted by Andrei Saguna, and even the edition of 1914, which reproduces the Bible of Blaj.
More...Keywords: criticism; (post)communist period; aesthetical; ethical; ideological; Life on a Platform; Octavian Paler
This paper approaches the critical vision on criticism, the critical reception of the novel Life on a Platform written by Octavian Paler. It follows that change of paradigm which can be seen between the two periods included in this paper, before 1989 and after December 1989. This change of paradigm is the result of a different cultural context. Even if the purpose of the paper is not to include an ideological type of criticism, there are some attempts to prove that the exegetes belonging to the period before `89 are promoters of the aesthetical value and they struggle to maintain culture, elements of culture.
More...Keywords: national education; Moldavia; eccelsiastical seminary; educational reform
The theological education system in Moldova has had throughout its history, largely, a constant evolution, but and evolution marked by some jumps in terms of quality and the approach of the pedagogical process. One of these episodes of progress is due to Filaret Scriban. What made Filaret a professor of theology able to sustain a consistent reform of education was the education he received in his family, and especially by attending the educational institutions such as Mihaileanu Academy of Iasi and the Theological Academy in Kiev. Throughout his studies, and as a teacher, he wrote and published several important books, and most importantly, theological school textbooks. In this respect, Filaret was a true pioneer. Filaret’s work in the organization of theological education had results in the entire region of Moldova as the seminar he led had graduates became in their turn teachers in other schools.
More...Keywords: socialist realism; soviet plays; theatre practice
This paper focuses on the complexities of cultural transfers in the performative arts in Romania after 1945. It discusses a number of soviet theater productions in the context of the local dynamics of re-fashioning national theatre practice. The early stage adaptations of known soviet narratives were the first to show Romanian audiences the soviet man and the social Utopia s/he struggled to etatize. Such productions had to inspire both theatre practitioners and the new Romanian audiences to work on themselves and their society in order to achieve the promise of socialism.
More...Keywords: essay; Octavian Paler; prose; solitude; themes;
The themes of Octavian Palerʼs prose and essays are part of the writer's existence and belong to an assumed and experienced reality. Being in a perpetual state of loneliness, dominated by existential "deserts", Octavian Paler develops true obsessions related to loneliness, to indulgement into melancholy, to time, to death, etc., perhaps because of his proverbial pessimism, but also of his conversion to existentialism, being the proclaimed follower of Albert Camus. One can notice in Octavian Paler's writings some recurring themes like the solitude, the emptiness, the fear, the terror, the dream, the silence, the waiting, the time, the faith, the sea, love, the creator's condition, etc., that define him as a writer and shape him as a man.
More...Keywords: reindustralization; structured analysis; intelligence; Romania, industry;
Although Romania moved on from a communist regime 30 years ago, the problem of adapting the industry to the rigors of the capitalism and globalisation era is still current. The old communist system where industry and agriculture were at the core of the economy, even if they weren’t competitive at all in a global market, proved to be very hard to adjust and we find ourselves, 30 years later, in a situation where Romania’s industry struggles to find its own path towards performance. Today, it appears to be an overwhelming need for proper reindustrialization considering a rising potential given by the multitude of resources Romania has on its lands and underneath its soils. At the same time, nearly every past government stated at some point that this reindustrialization should be a priority, but neither of them succeeded in properly drafting a feasible strategy with that goal. Considering that, we think that a possible way for a suitable result on a reindustrialization study can be the application of structured analysis techniques used more frequently in the intelligence analysis. This type of techniques can be the basis of development at a firm level in any domain, but can also be used on a higher level, including a whole industry. Therefore, this paper aims towards the clarification of the aspects that can highlight the use of structured analysis techniques with the purpose of identifying the real potential of reindustrialization in Romania. In the end, the result of an analysis having these types of techniques at its base can be relevant for the decision maker and Romania could finally find the proper way to approach reindustrialization.
More...Keywords: Poland; Stalin; communism; „Scânteia”; Polish-Romanian relations; Gheorghiu-Dej regime;
It is clear, both from the political decision in Warsaw and Bucharest, and from the reading of „Scânteia”, that the relations between Romania and Poland after the Second World War but especially after the proclamation of the People's Republic in Bucharest were neither close nor self-sufficient. During Stalin's lifetime, until the beginning of 1953, nothing was treasured in the bilateral connection, as had happened after the First World War when, even the first months of peace had brought with them a number of joint actions and calls for strategic alliance, including the establishment of a common border. On the contrary, after 1948 this memory is repudiated and the protagonists are criticized. „Scânteia“ does not, of course, resume any of the episodes of the bilateral relationship between Romania and Poland in the interwar period and does not refer to any of its peak moments, even if the elapsed time was not long at all. For example, the Polish refuge in Romania in the autumn of 1939 and its prolongation in the wartime years had taken place only a few years before the abdication of King Michael, on December 30, 1947 and the entry of Romania into totalitarianism. The image of Poland in Stalinist Romania is flawless from a dogmatic-ideological point of view: almost certainly a more perfect template is hard to find in the editorial spaces of the other offices of the communist parties in the states occupied by the USSR. Being a story fully accepted by Moscow and the Soviet occupiers, the image of Stalinist Poland also became an indigestible text for the general public. And further, continuing in patterns and without any relevance in bilateral relations, until the early 1990s, after the collapse of communist regimes, Romania and Poland went separately as minor regional interests and options, other than those imposed by the USSR, throughout the Cold War. A situation completely contrary, of course, to the golden stories of the „alliance of hearts” from the interwar period.
More...Keywords: Romania; Competrol; 1952;
The authors present the short-hand record of the "Competrol" employees' meeting at the Central Council of the Trade Unions. The employees were arrested, interrogated and. eventually, released. The document is an evidence of the violent methods applied by the Militia inquisitors to the "Competrol" intellectuals.
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