Surviving Books (II)
Cărţile supravieţuitoare
Revision of the prosa written in Romania during the communist years. Comments by Cristina POPA, Adriana STAN, Ioana MACREA-TOMA,
More...Revision of the prosa written in Romania during the communist years. Comments by Cristina POPA, Adriana STAN, Ioana MACREA-TOMA,
More...Keywords: Book reviews
The New Europe College, 2010; Bulletin de l’Association des amis de Gaston Bachelard, no. 12; Catherine Mayaux, Myriam Watthee-Delmotte (dir.), Henry Bauchau, écrire pour habiter le monde; Hugo Francisco Bauzá & Enrique Cortí (eds.), Memoria y representación; Hugo Francisco Bauzá (ed.), James Joyce a 125 años de su nacimiento; Colloquia, no. 17; Yvonne Goga et Simona Jişa (coord.), Dominique Fernandez, citoyen du monde; Eidôlon, no. 86; Ekphrasis, Volume 1, 3; El imaginario en el mito clásico, 2008; Études greeniennes, no. 2; Garoza, no. 10; Bruno Mazzoni & Angela Tarantino (ed.), Geografia e storia de la civiltà letteraria romena nel contesto europeo; Nicoleta Neşu (ed.), Il romanzo rumeno contemporaneo (1989 – 2010); Nicoleta Neşu (ed.), Romania culturale oggi; Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Theologia Catholica, no. 1-4; Symbolon, no. 4; Synergies Roumanie, no. 5; Translationes, no. 2.
More...Keywords: translation; Romanian poetry; critical reception
Studiul de faţă are în vedere traducerile din poezia română în italiană din secolul al XX-lea. În prima parte, autorul prezintă pe scurt, dar cu unele comentarii, traducerile existente, împărţite după epocă, gen şi/sau curent literar cărora le aparţin operele traduse, având ca îndrumare „canonul” curent al literaturii române. Sunt prezentate pe rând traducerile din literatura medievală, premodernă, de la sfârşitul secolului al XIX-lea – începutul secolului al XX-lea, perioada interbelică şi perioada postbelică. În a doua parte, în scopul înţelegerii a ce fel de poezie românească este de fapt cunoscută în Italia prin mijlocirea traducerilor prezentate în prima parte a studiului, autorul face un bilanţ pe decenii al acestora, scoţând în evidenţa deosebirile dintre perioada de dinainte şi cea de după război, variaţiile de ordin calitativ şi cantitativ, preferinţele traducătorilor pentru genuri diferite în epoci diferite etc., propunând deopotrivă posibile explicaţii atât pentru aceste deosebiri, cât şi pentru „golurile” constatate în panorama schiţată. Întregesc tabloul astfel zugrăvit unele consideraţii despre o „lipsă de succes” al literaturii române pe lângă publicul italian şi despre anumite aspecte ale traducerilor italiene din literatura română (sporadicitate, „lipsa de proiect”, neprofesionalismul unor traducători, sprijinul inadecvat acordat de oficialităţile române etc.).
More...Keywords: Wallachia;Hungary;Church of Curtea de Arges
In 1920, the first rulers of Wallachia were still deemed – rather wealthy – peasants that reigned in just and pious manner over lands still uncorrupted by – more modern – stylish vices and aims. A grave completely changed this picture born out of the Romanian political needs of the early 20th century. Almost a century later, the impact of this grave is still far from being exhausted. This is perhaps the greatest and simplest mystery housed by this grave, commonly debated as well as adored. After the end of the Great War (1914−1918) that also brought in 1916 and in 1917 the devastations of the graves of Mircea I cel Bătrân/cel Mare (the Elder/the Great) in Cozia and Radu IV cel Mare at Dealu, two figures – in particular the former – of paramount importance – both in history as well as in historiography – for Wallachia and Romania, the interest in historical legitimacy increased as the Kingdom of Romania was about to officially become Grand Romania. The researches – in the end highly interdisciplinary (even according to modern standards) – conducted at the Princely St. Nicholas Church in Curtea de Argeş were a prime example of these efforts. The most important discovery was – unquestionably – the so-called Grave 10, the only fully preserved – even until the present day – burial in Wallachia of a high ranking medieval political figure. The tomb was attributed to the legendary Negru Vodă (known also as Radu the Black), (even to) Basarab I, Wladislaw I or Radu I. The new researches initiated – both at the “princely court” and at the “princely church” – almost four decades later at Curtea de Argeş (1967−1973) should have led to more clarity. Instead, they fuelled controversies and confusions in spite of the discovery of an older church – presumed since the 1930s – underneath the extant princely church (commonly dated after 1340, with – at times – emphasis on the 1360s). Because the first church was dated even to the early 1200s (the dating of the so-called Argeş I Church further – and significantly more likely – ranges between the mid 1200s and the early 1300s) and as Grave 10 was increasingly associated with either Wladislaw I (1364 − c. 1377) or Radu I (c. 1377 − c. 1383), little or no connection was established between Argeş I and Grave 10, ascribed to the – since the early 1970s called – Argeş II Church, albeit the fact that the evidence suggested a different approach (already since the Interwar period and especially after the late 1960s and the early 1970s). The growing speculations and mounting controversies following the discovery of Grave 10 have diverted attention from the primary source: the journal of excavations of Virgiliu Drăghiceanu.
More...Keywords: legionary movement; fascism; communism; People’s Tribunal; ethics of memory; ethnicization of the ethics of memory; Law no. 217/2015; OUG no. 31/2002
This study was written in answer to the widespread debate created by the passing of Law no. 217/2015 to amend OUG no. 31/2002. It analyses the context in which the draft law was created, its argumentation, and the reactions before and after the passing of the law. One part of the study is dedicated to the main issue of concern, the banning of organizations based on ideological criteria. I showed that the option between a single or two separate laws addressing the fascist and communist past should be treated with nuance. Using as an interpretive framework the ethics of memory, I analyzed the ethnicization of the ethics of memory, and the issue of ethical respectability and legitimacy regarding the researchers and the moral ideals of the „Elie Wiesel” Institute. I showed that the purpose and motivation of a humanist ethics of memory have been supported in the last years by the European doctrine for addressing the communist past and the ECHR jurisprudence. I made a few observations regarding the definition used by the law for „the Holocaust in Romania”, I analyzed available knowledge on the gravity of anti-Semitism in Romania, and on the dangerousness of legionarism if it existed today. The intention to re-legitimize the People’s Tribunals was evaluated from the point of view of the ECHR jurisprudence.
More...The divergences existing in comparative private international law between the choice-of-law rules create shortcomings that can be overcome through a particular technique, the Renvoi. The study aims to provide a thorough analysis of Article 2.559 NCC, text governing this institution in Romanian law, with details concerning its forms and specific framework for action. For international successions, a predilection area of Renvoi, Article 34 of European Regulation 650/2012 brings a distinct set of rules of undeniable practical interest, which will also be attentively scrutinized.
More...This article is the second part of the study on impunity arising – in Romanian criminal law – from the quality of spouse or close relative (de lege lata), or from the quality of family member (de lege ferenda), between the offender who does not denounce a crime against state security and the perpetrator of that particular crime, study conducted in a comparative manner with regard on the Romanian Penal Code of 1968 and the new Romanian Penal Code of 2009. The first part of this article was published in the previous issue of the journal, and the final part, on the effects of error of law (error juris) on the issue investigated, will be published in the next number. In the present part, the author has sought to capture the legal effects caused by the error of fact (error facti) in regard with the personal quality which determines the impunity for the crime subjected to the analysis. As a result, there were taken into account both normal hypotheses of error (error in the natural and normal sense of the term) and “reverse error” (error in a reversed sense), being taken into regard and argued the most appropriate solutions to the delineated situations.
More...Keywords: ”heroes of the Great War”; ”victories”; ”defeats”;” Romania in the Great War”;
The war notes of Lieutenant Marin Gherghină, one of the heroes of the Great War, are an important document from 100 hundred years ago, which has been preserved until today. Marin Gherghină narrates, with a real talent, his itinerary on the front during the interminable marches he executed, and at the same time he writes to a possible reader about the victories and the defeats suffered in the first line of battle, about the cold, the hunger, the fear, the courage, the patriotism, the faith in God and in the good of the country. The publishing of these notes represents the recuperation of the history of a Romanian First World War hero.
More...Keywords: Ileana Mălăncioiu; Romanian poetry; literary portrait;
This segment includes a series of texts about the poetry of Ileana Malancioiu.
More...Keywords: Franchising; French language; modern language; English language.
This contribution discusses the transformations of the Romanian language (in parallel with the modernization of the Romanian public institutions) inspired or triggered by the "French model". After some conceptual and terminological considerations (re-latinization, re-romanization, Latin-Roman occidentalization, re-occidentalization, modernity in the dynamics of the language), the author evokes the circumstances (historical, political, economic, cultural, social) that favored the franchizing of the Romanian language and details this process from a chronological perspective (the Hungarian and German branches, the Greek branch, the Russian branch). With the help of relevant examples, the most significant changes brought to Romanian by French influence (phonetic, lexical, semantic, morphosyntactic changes) are presented. The article insists on some complementary vectors in the process of franchising the Romanian language: the Phanariot princes, the preceptors and secretaries of the aristocratic families, the French consuls in the Romanian Principalities, the young people who had studied abroad and the emancipated women, the literature, the press, and the Francophone education.
More...Keywords: parliamentary elections;political parties;interwar Romania;male suffrage;peasantism;regional diversity;
The parliamentary elections in November 1919 were not only the first ones held in Romania after the end of World War I, but also the first ones which replaced census suffrage with universal male suffrage, and the single general elections from Romanian independence to the end of the interwar period which were not won by the party in government. It was also a complex process, organised according to three different laws and voting systems in the various historical provinces which formed Greater Romania. The volume coordinated by Bogdan Murgescu and Andrei Florin Sora analyses both the national dynamic of voter activism and empowerment, and the regional diversity of the electoral process. It contains case studies about the elections in 31 counties from all historical provinces, and provides thus a unique insight into the complexities of the Romanian society and into the way a majority of the Romanian citizen voted for change in 1919, only to see their aspirations being thwarted by the established political elites of the Old Kingdom.
More...Keywords: Nueva España; cultura médica; lactancia; providencialismo; leche materna
Se estudia el enfoque que se le dio a la lactancia materna en diversos textosde la temprana modernidad: obras médicas de los siglos XV al XVII del Viejo y delNuevo Mundo y crónicas de la conquista espiritual de América. El corpus textualseleccionado lo unifica su marcado providencialismo y su potestad Divina. Se proponeubicar estas obras desde una tradición que toma en cuenta el eclecticismo y eldinamismo en la materialidad de la cultura escrita: siempre se construye un texto a partirde distintas fuentes para conseguir, de modo activo, algo novedoso. Con base en esto, sedestaca que los autores médicos y cirujanos de esta clase de obras crearon unametatextualidad en dos sentidos: uno propio del quehacer del arte médico y otromeramente literario. Finalmente, se propone entender las funciones de los autoresdentro del entramado al que invita su discurso normativo de estilo áspero, desde el cualdefendieron la idea de un paraíso en el Nuevo Mundo ante el cisma que tuvo la Iglesiaen el siglo XVI.
More...Keywords: Nyíregyháza; 5th century; settlement; cemetery; glass; 5th-century coin
During 2009–2011, a burial ground and a part of a settlement have been excavated within the confines of the Nyíregyháza municipality, which had been used by the same population in the middle and second half of the 5th century AD based on archaeological data. The 24-grave burial ground established near the dispersed settlement represents a previously unknown cemetery type in Northeast Hungary. Representative artefact types from the Hun period and subsequent decades appear in its find assemblage, including a variety of costume items, glass drinking cups, and a 5th-century silver coin.
More...Keywords: Valea Mare; Catholic community; modern age;
This study is a result of a series of field and archive researches, accomplished by the author in the Catholic community from Valea Mare. The study does not have as an aim to analyse the location itself (Valea Mare), but the people, the ones who have founded and preserved its existence.
More...Keywords: The Holy Virgin Mary; Mariological theme; Saint Nicholas Cabasilas; the Virgin Mary;
A pious and erudite man, Saint Nicholas Cabasilas, the great Byzantine hesychast humanist living in the 14th century, truly occupies a special position among the Byzantine liturgical commentators of the Orthodox Church, showing a deep and organic theological and liturgical thinking, subtle and realistic, rational and mystical on matters and liturgical acts in the Church, with careful attention to the Holy Byzantine Liturgy and the administration of the Holy Mysteries of Christian initiation (Baptism, Anointing and Eucharist). He did not lose sight of the role that the Holy Virgin Mary had in the plan of salvation of the world through the Incarnation from her thighs, the most pure ones, of the Son of God, Who became Her Son and, therefore, our “brother” and of common origin with us by nature. Here are themes and doctrinal approaches found in his work and which have always been integrated into the theological debates of the Church. In what follows, we will highlight exclusively this Mariological theme, as we find it in the so refined and subtle theological thinking of Saint Nicholas Cabasilas, with the highlighting of his new theological writings (re)found recently from the contents of his homilies dedicated to honouring the Virgin Mary.
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