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Keywords: feminism; Romania; political rights
In the 20’s, the Romanian feminism fights for the acknowledgment of the full political rights for women. In this fight, princess Alexandrina Cantacuzino’s figure is remarked, who acts both on the national and international level, to make the Romanian women’s demands known to the Balkan feminists. Alexandrina Cantacuzino creates associations on a national and Balkan level, as to promote the Romanian women’s interests: The National Group of the Romanian Women and The Little Feminine Agreement which are only two examples presented in this study. The analysis of The National Group of the Romanian Women allows the understanding of Alexandrina Cantacuzino’s authoritative and nationalist logic and at the same time, it allows the integration of the Romanian feminism in the women's international movement which has its upsurge in this epoch.
More...Háy János: Small step for a man, giant leap for me 4 Ébli Gábor: Londoni múzeumokról (Free entry) 9 Bruno Latour: A látható, a totalizált és a láthatatlan város (Párizsra zoomolni) 14 Igor Pomerancev: Csernovic (Egy vízbefúlt emlékiratai) 17 Mircea Cărtărescu: Káprázat (regényrészlet) (Koszta Gabriella ford.) 19 Zahorán Csaba: Városok a magasban 23 Tamás Dénes: Képek egy vasútállomásról 26 Igor Kovačević: Építésznek lenni Közép-Európában (Gáti Tibor ford.) 29 Batár Attila: Hervé ars poeticája 31 Takáts József: Menni vagy maradni? (ELkezdet kiállításmegnyitó) 34
More...Keywords: Government’s Ordinance; Criminal Procedure Code
This study analyses the modifications brought to the General Part of the Criminal Procedure Code and has as objective the establishment of the progressive or regressive of those above judging by today’s status of the criminal procedure dispositions. To reach this objective, the author presents these modifications in detail following the structure of the Criminal Procedure Code. As to the criminal prosecution act, the author presents the main elements of the special procedure concerning the prosecution of a legal entity and the importance of those dispositions in the process of changing the traditional conceptions which state that only a person can be the passive subject of a criminal prosecution act. The subject of competence mainly deals with the modifications that came about in the case of Military Courts. The author shows that Law no. 356/2006 continues to limit the special competence of the military courts practically reducing it only to crimes committed by the military. As to the ordinary courts the main modifications were made in the case of the High Courts; their competence was restrained in favor of the courts of justice and the courts of appeal. In addition the special personal competence of the Romanian Supreme Court was extended to the crimes committed by the members of The High Council of Magistrature. The Law no. 356/2006 also brought important changes to the cases of incompatibility and the author appreciates them as being positive and negative at the same time. To begin with, the cases of incompatibility were extended bringing an important guarantee for the impartiality of the judges. Secondly though, the procedure to discharge a judge, as a practical application of the incompatibility cases, has suffered significant limitations: the elimination of the right to discharge the whole court, the elimination of the right to discharge the judge who solves the initial petition to discharge; the introduction of a preliminary examination in the case of a petition to discharge which is in the competence of the same court which the petition to discharge refers to. In the matter of moving a criminal case from one court to another (based on the suspicion of lack of objectivity), the Law no. 356/2006 clearly presents the cases in which this procedure can be triggered. It also states that the petition to move the case must be judged publicly and the decision must be motivated. For the same reasons, as an element of novelty, the prosecutor has the right to ask the Supreme Court, before the indictment, to nominate another court (different from the one which is normally competent) to judge the case. Following the rules of the hearing of protected witnesses, the Law no. 356/2006 has introduced a special procedure of hearing in the case of the victims. As to the hearing of the defendant, this will be stopped when the defendant has the symptoms of a serious illness which might endanger his life.
More...Vasile Gârneţ: „Scenarii ale nimicului” • „Asterisc” – o rubrică de Eugen Lungu • Tamara Cărăuş, „Capcanele identităţii” – cronică de Vitalie Ciobanu • Versuri de Mariana Codruţ, Svetlana Corobceanu şi Cătălina Bălan • „Provizorat”, un roman de Gabriela Adameşteanu • Alexandru Tabac: Jurnal dominican • Foametea din Basarabia, anii 1946-1947 (II). Un studiu de Aurelia Felea • Avanpremieră editorială: John Updike, „Rabbit la pensie”
More...If post-communism is to be seen as a political system change toward democracy, it should be analyzed as an effort to integrate several fundamentals of democracy that communism completely rejected or ignored. One of these fundamentals was pluralism. This paper tries to explore the way pluralism received a contradictory political meaning at the beginnings of Romanian post-communism, the way it informed electoral institutions and political actors and eventually failed in becoming a core value of the political system of post-communist Romania.
More...Critica îi rămâne încă datoare lui Alexandru Lungu. Creaţia sa, chiar dacă s-a bucurat de atenţia unor critici de marcă (Vladimir Streinu, Şerban Cioculescu, Perpessicius, Nicolae Manolescu, Gheorghe Grigurcu, Al. Cistelecan etc.) îşi păstrează încă destule zone de profunzime neexplorate. Versuri ce îşi extrag expresivitatea şi tensiunea lăuntrică din dialectica văzutului şi a nevăzutului, din apropierea oximoronică a luminii şi a întunericului, din atingerea antinomică a tăcerii şi a cuvântului, poemele lui Alexandru Lungu sunt, dincolo de preeminenţa imaginilor declinante şi a metaforelor decepţiei, şi o provocare a aşteptării, a aspiraţiei spre „nevăzut”. Jindul spre lumină, propensiunea către misterele lumii, reprezentările beatitudinii de a trăi, ale extazului cunoaşterii universului de taină şi de reculegere al unei fi ri abia bănuite, sunt la fel de îndreptăţite, în unele poeme ale lui Alexandru Lungu:
More...• „Lista Schindler” a culturii basarabene • Nicolae Leahu, poetul – cronică de Mircea V. Ciobanu • Dialog cu fifi nalul amânat: Leo Butnaru – Aureliu Busuioc • Versuri de Svetlana Corobceanu şi Vasile Iftime • Proză de Lucreţia Bârlădeanu şi Iulian Ciocan • Cătălin Dorian Florescu, un romancier al exilului • Praga literară. Scriitori cehi contemporani: Jaroslav Hašek şi Michal Viewegh Despre Herta Müller, memorie şi literatură – interviu cu dna Beate Köhler, director al Institutului Goethe din Bucureş
More...1. O generaţie spontană sau inventată de edituri, de media, de critică etc.? 2. Modelele şi antimodelele literaturii douămiiste. 3. Există un Weltanschauung sau măcar o coincidenţă de imaginar/teme specifice literaturii de azi? 4. Vedeţi semne de evoluţie („maturizare”) în scriitura debutanţilor de acum 10 ani sau asistăm la o „îmbătrânire” prematură? 5. Se reflectă societatea de consum în gândirea/ scriitura tinerei generaţii? Pentru cine scriu autorii actuali? 6. Care e punctul forte/slab al creaţiei de azi (proza, poezia, critica, eseul)? 7. Rezistă douămiismul la un examen comparativ cu celelalte generaţii postbelice (şaizecismul, optzecismul etc.)? 8. Cărţile supravieţuitoare ale douămiiştilor.
More...Keywords: birth; wedding; funeral; midwife; fate; baptism; asking in marriage; wedding flag; bride’s wreath; the bride and groom’s tree; alms.
The authors present the activity carried out at the Transylvanian Museum of Ethnography between 1922-1951 to set up an Archive that keep information on material and immaterial folk culture, obtained using the questionnaires as a research method. The following Questionnaires are presented: The list of objects to be collected for the Ethnograpfic Museum (1923), To preserve our artistic monuments (1925), Questionnaire no. 1: Christmas customs (1926), Questionnaire no. 2: Christmas and New Year customs, Young fellowships (1927), The New Year’s Goat Ritual (1927), The House (1931). The answers to these questions were the base for setting up The Museum’s Folklore and Ethnography Archive, that also includes Collections of folkloric materials, Collections of Year’s Events Customs and Seminar Papers made by students on the following topics: Customs throughout the year; Habits in relation to human life; Settlements and House; Village Monographs; Grazing; Folk costumes; Folk medicine; Pottery; Furriery. Among the materials preserved in the Museum’s Archives, the authors present 14 seminar papers on the customs related to human life events (birth, wedding, funeral). In connection with human birth, some popular beliefs and practices are described: from the prenatal period (bans for pregnant women), and from the post-natal period, focusing on the role of the midwife and of the godmother in the first days of the newborn’s life. On the wedding theme, the authors expose the main phases preceeding the wedding: looking for the predestinated spouse, asking in marriage, the engagement, wedding invitations, the preparation of the flag, of the wreath, of the tree and the fir-tree, the wedding ceremony, the wedding party. Regarding the funeral, the authors present beliefs about the signs portending the death (the owlet song, howling dogs, objects falling off the walls), the dying persons’s spiritual preparation (Confession, Communion), physical preparation of the dead person (washing, grooming, dressing), the wake, the funeral service, the burial, alms (highlighting the importance of water as charity for the dead). The authors also present the funeral with fir-tree, for the unmarried young people, known as the dead’s wedding.
More...Keywords: Ion Pop;Echinox literary movement; neomodernism;
This thematic file entitled „Ion Pop's Poetry” aims to be a "recovery" of the poet's prestige under the hegemony of the critic who irredeemably confiscated the literary prestige and, at the same time, the literary personality of Ion Pop. Of course, we are talking about the critical reception and the obstinacy that perpetuated the split between the poet and the critic.
More...Keywords: Ștefan Zeletin; modernism; Liberal Party; elite; traditionalist;
The thought of Ștefan Zeletin (1882-1934) is generally considered as the very epitome of Romanian “modernism” or “westernism”. Too often, however, the analysts have overlooked the fact that his westernist argumentation is connected with an apology for the policies of the Romanian political establishment of the time, whose hard core was constituted by the Liberal Party elite. The article starts by emphasizing that the two dimensions of Zeletin’s political writing are inseparable. It goes on by pointing to the fact that this was not always the case with Zeletin: before the “classical” period of the author, one can distinguish another period, which can be conveniently labeled as “the first Zeletin”, to be opposed to the “second Zeletin”, that we are familiar with. The first and the second Zeletins are perfectly opposite authors. While the last one is the most vocal and elaborate defender of the Liberal elite and a devout westernist, the first one is a radical and bitter critic of the establishment and a nostalgic “traditionalist”. The article makes a comparison between the two stages in the evolution of the author. In the end, it amounts that such a comparison enables us to reevaluate the classical works of Zeletin, and to rethink the relation between “modernism” and “tradi- tionalism” in Romanian culture. A partial rehabilitation of the “traditionalist” arguments is the most general conclusion of the article.
More...Keywords: Political history; political situation; Julian March; Venezia Giulia; 1921-1924; parliamentary elections;
Sur la base du traité de Rapallo, signé en 1920 entre l’Italie et le Royaume des Serbes, Croates et Slovènes, l’Italie annexa le territoire de la Marche Julienne (Venezia Giulia) sur lequel, d’après le recensement de 1910, il y avait 466.730 habitants d’appartenance Slovène ou croate, soit les 50,2 % de la population. Aux deuxièmes élections parlementaires du 15 mai 1921, la nouvelle .province de la Marche Julienne envoya aussi ses représentants à la Chambre des Députés italienne. Après la Première guerre mondiale, l’Italie était régie par la loi électorale du suffrage universel masculin et du système proportionnel. Après l’annexion de la. Marche Julienne, cette loi fut complétée par des clauses relatives à l’acquisition de la nationalité italienne. Les habitants des régions nouvellement rattachées pouvaient acquérir la nationalité italienne automatiquement par option ou par une demande particulière adressée aux autorités de la province. C’est là-dessus que commença, au début de 1921, la campagne électorale qui alla en s’intensifiant jusqu’au jour des élections. Les passions nationalistes qui avaient régné sur ce territoire durant les dernières décades qui précédèrent la Première Guerre mondiale se rallumèrent. D’un côté, le camp libéralo-nationaliste italien qui se présenta aux élections comme bloc nationaliste italien, de l’autre le groupe slovéno-croate uni au Parti national yougoslave (JNS). Il y avait encore le groupe ouvrier, relativement fort, mais qui, à quelques mois des élections se scinda déjà en socialistes et en communistes. Le parti républicain italien et le parti populaire italien étaient moins importants; dans la Marche Julienne, ils se présentèrent chacun à part, bien que n’ayant guère de chances de succès.
More...Keywords: Constantine the Great; manuscript; Constantinople; prophecy; Ottoman Empire;
The article analyzes a manuscript from the collections of “Mihai Eminescu” Central University Library from Iassy, which contains three distinct texts (The Life of the Great Emperor Constantine, For the Fall of the Most Glorious Citadel of Constantinople… and The Prophecy of Saint Methodius, Archbishop of Patara), but which are connected as they reflect a cultural phenomenon specific to the 18th century when the hope was that Russia would be the one to liberate Constantinople from the Ottomans. The manuscript was copied by a monk from Mădârjac Skete, near Iassy. The author publishes the full text of the manuscript, which he considers representative for the period and place in which it was copied.
More...Keywords: Hungarian optants; German settlers; Hungarian revisionism; illegal real estate restitutions; national security;
The issue of the Hungarian optants in Transylvania is a file, a writing, about an end and a rebirth, the end of the Central European empire and the rebirth of the nations liberated by sacrifice from the dungeon of that empire. A file about the collapse of an empire at the time of its sinking, the dual Austro-Hungarian empire, and the springing of the nations into the light of the rebirth of the long Habsburg night is a special phenomenon in a culture. It is a picture that we can contemplate with amazement, but also with fear, the monstrous grandeur of an empire where the Hungarian electors evolve on a twilight stage, on which are distributed nations, chancellors, governments, embassies, armies, political internationals of the time, on which already foreshadows the ghost of a panid that seems to be coming back to life today. Today, Romania has found itself vulnerable due to poorly designed legislation and corruption and is put in a position to return in full properties, buildings or land for which the Romanian state anyway paid compensation in tons of gold, in the 30s of last century. In other words, Romania is damaged two or even three times if we consider that the taxes used to build many of the buildings in Transylvania were paid by the lower social strata, ie by peasants and small craftsmen or merchants, who in the sea most of them were Romanians, the nobility of the three privileged nations being exempt from taxes.
More...Keywords: manuscripts; old prints; libraries; Modern History; Greek language;
The Library of the Orthodox Metropolitan See of Moldavia and Bucovina in Iaşi preserves over a thousand copies of old Greek books. There are only ten manuscripts in this collection, one of which was com-missioned by Constantin Brâncoveanu, Prince of Wallachia. The collection consists mainly of Greek prints of various origins, some of which can be traced back to the library of the Princely Academy of Iași, succeeded by the Mihăileană Academy. Other volumes originate in the library of the Theological Seminary of Socola, founded by Veniamin Costachi Metropolitan of Moldavia, who donated his personal library to the Iași foundation. Sev-eral references come from the private collections of high hierarchs, while some books were collected from various Moldavian monasteries, especially from those who used to be metochia of the Greek Patriarchates and the great monasteries under their jurisdiction. This article evaluates the importance of the prints according to their dating, place of publication, owners, and contents (generally didactic books, but also polemical books of a religious nature). It also seeks to reconstruct the historical context of their circulation in Moldavia and the circumstances in which they came into the possession of the Metropolitan See of Moldavia and Bucovina. The analysis provided takes into account prosopographical investigations, the history of the Moldavian educational institutions, and the examination of the notes (mostly in Greek) on the prints.
More...Keywords: mourning; reminiscence; memory; absence; posterity;
What does it mean to remember? A moment when the present returns to interrupt the past a little. However, because memories can have several beginnings, do we dare to provide them one end? And what will that be: the end accepted by us or the one preferred by others? The paper points out that the most commonly revived nostalgias are those without a particular end. For instance, the Disappeared transfigures; our memory equals it with the domestic perimeter where it should have returned. Hence, the things that survived to nowadays ended up meaning its imminent return or just the mimicking of this too little probable fact. However, the deceased loses his age rapidly if the memories of the contemporaries are no longer present.
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