![ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2005_11202.jpg)
Keywords: Interwar period; Romanian intelligence; World War II, communism
Gheorghe (Gicu) Cristescu was one of the best Romanian secret service specialists in the interwar period and during World War II. Although between November 15, 1940 and August 23, 1944 he was subordinated to his brother, Eugen Cristescu, head of the Special Intelligence Service, their relations were strictly professional. In June 1948 he was sentenced in absentia to forced labor for life, for his alleged involvement in the June 26-31, 1941 massacre of the Jews in Iasi. Apprehended in 1953 in Transylvania, he was successively imprisoned at Deva, Bucharest (Uranus), Făgăras, Gherla, Râmnicu Sărat and Aiud until his release in July 1964. He then worked as an unskilled laborer and died in anonymity in 1975.
More...Keywords: communication skills; communicative strategies; CLT (communicative language teaching); task-based activities; pair-work; group work; role-play; simulation; motivation; ESP (English for Specific Purposes).
Strategies for Enhancing Geography Students Communication Skills. In an era of technology and globalization, communication plays a major role. We may say that helping students to develop their communication skills in English is the need of the hour. On the other hand, selecting the most effective strategies and the most appropriate pedagogies to enable students to enhance their communication abilities is a real challenge for every ESP teacher. The main advantage of an ESP teacher is the fact that their learners are adults who are interested in their subject-matter field which provides them the meaningful context. Therefore, it is easier to motivate and help them, through various strategies, to become confident and proficient speakers of English. In communicative language teaching, there are various techniques used on a large scale in the classroom to achieve this goal: pair and group work, role-play, task and fluency-based activities etc. The aim of this paper is to present some strategies, adapted to Geography students’ needs, I use in my ESP classes. These ‘methods’ are meant to help learners to expand vocabulary, to improve fluency, to exhibit confidence and enthusiasm while using the English language, in other words, to communicate better.
More...Keywords: fetishism; alienation; ontological turn; marxism; objectivity.
The Late Philosophy of Georg Lukács: History, Fetishism and Alienation. Lukács’s late ontological turn is an attempt to go beyond the limitations of his early thesis of the identical subject-object and to better understand those forms of objectivity that appear as a consequence of social existence. In this category of social forms of objectivity he includes the phenomena of fetishism and reification, determined by the dual character, simultaneously material and social, of the objects produced under the rule of commodity form and of exchange value. Closeley related is the phenomenon of alienation, caused by the difference between the developement of society and that of human personality, crushed under the weight of fetishism.
More...Defining the offence, art. 15 par. (1) Criminal Code establishes those essential features, which are common for all the offences regarded especially and that, at the same time, splits the offence as a form of illegal criminal judicial of other forms of illegal judicial. The essential features of the offence are the following: the act should be provided by the criminal law; the act should be committed with guilt; the act should be unjustified; the act should be attributable to the person who has committed it. For the existence of the offence it is necessary the achievement of all its essential features. The lack of any of this features leads to the non-existence of the offence, and to the removal of the criminal character of the act.
More...Keywords: coin finds; Moldavia; private collections; Roman coins; medieval coins
We continue the regular publishing of the coins found in Moldova, by presenting random isolated finds from different points of Vaslui county. The coins are kept in private collections (Costel Giurcanu collection – 10 pcs., Marian Bolum collection – 7 pcs., other collections – 6 pcs.) and collections hosted by local institutions (the “Ştefan cel Mare” Museum Collection of Vaslui – 9 pcs., the School of Grăjdeni Museum collection – 1 pc.). The coins date back to the Roman, medieval and modern times and were found in the following locations: Bârlad (nos. 1–2, 14–31), Fruntişeni (no. 3), Giurcani (nos. 4–6), Griviţa (no. 7), Măluşteni (nos. 8–10), Şuletea (no. 11), Vutcani (nos. 12–13), Murgeni (nos. 32–33).
More...Keywords: disrupting; computer system; computer data; attack; malicious programmes
Starting from the provisions of Article 5 of the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime and the provisions of Article 4 of the Directive 2013/40/EU on attacks against information systems, both relating to illegal system interference, this Article performs an analysis of the offence of disrupting the functioning of the computer systems sanctioned by Article 363 of the Romanian Criminal Code, in order to ensure that the Romanian legislator transposed the provisions of the two legal instruments from international and European level. The legal regulation aims to protect the computer data stored in computer systems, focusing on the effect they have on computer systems affected by the actions on computer data. At the same time, the article analyzes both the most common attack against a computer system that affects the integrity of the computer system, such as the DOS (Denial of Service) attack, as well as other attacks against a computer system that affects the integrity of the computer system, such as the attacks based on malicious programmes aimed at infecting the computer system.
More...Keywords: physical constraint; criminal law; offender; threat
The physical constraint (vis major) is a non-liability cause consisting of the pressure set by an unpredictable and irresistible event (major force) or by a person or animal on the physique of a person, which results in the lack of ability to have control on his actions, determining him to commit an unjustified fact as provided by the criminal law. In this case, the responsible offender, although conscious of his own act, cannot act freely (coordinate his behavior in order to abide by the legal norm), because his physical freedom is cancelled and subsequently, he cannot be held responsible for committing the respective act.
More...Keywords: contractual liability; guilt; liability limitation; disclaimers
The present paper aims to analyse the conditions that entail the contractual liability, in particular the existence of the guilt that generated long scientific debate, and as a result, the possibility of the parties to include in the contract clauses that exempt the liability for the damage caused by simple fault, negligence or imprudence or the impossibility of the parties to exclude or determine the limits of the liability for the material harm caused by an act committed with intent or serious misconduct.
More...Keywords: postmodernity; mission; protean identity; emerging churches; postmodern communities; ecclesiology.
The article presents the characteristics of postmodernism and its consequences on issues such as identity, pluralism and communion. As an “unstable” philosophical trend, it interacts with the “stability” and authority of the orthodox teachings, thus resulting in an ideological conflict. The article offers some theological answers to the above-mentioned conflict, as well as to some major issues of the contemporary postmodern society.
More...Keywords: hesychasm; humanism; icon; sacred art; Orthodox iconography; the Palaeologos era;
The Palaeologos era was, paradoxically, a period of rebirth and flourishing of spiritual and cultural life,amid a deep political-military and economic decline, which led to the Byzantine Empire's disappearancefrom history. The two movements that brightened this era, the spirituality of Hesychasm and the palamitetheology, on the one hand, and classical Byzantine humanism, on the other hand, influenced all the fieldsof life of the Byzantine Empire, including sacred art. The present study aims to highlight how and to whatextent they have left their mark on the Byzantine iconography, enriching it both thematic and modal, thatis, the way in which the painters of the past have transposed into the icons the influences of the twomovements.
More...Keywords: linguistic identity; micro-identity; community of language; national minority; constitutional guarantees; identity;
Linguistic identity is an essential part of the identity of the individual. The language used in communication is a means of identification for the one who uses it because, on the one hand, it creates certain socio-historical conditionings with the human community to which the individual belongs, and on the other hand it contributes to the classification of the repsective individual in a majority group or a minority group on this criterion, analyzed alone or by corroborating with other identification criteria. In this context, the role of the state in ensuring the right to identity is extremely important. With reference to these considerations, in the Constitution of Romania and the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova there are multiple similarities, but also some relevant differences.
More...Keywords: bibliography; National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism;
Books and Periodicals Included in the NIST Collections
More...Keywords: Romania; communism; church; 40s;
On March 6, 1945 came to power the first Romanian pro-Communist government and one of the main objective of its religious policy was to control and to submit the activities of the Churches.
More...Keywords: bibliography; National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism;
Books and Periodicals Included in the NIST Collections
More...Keywords: Archbishop Justinian Chira; spiritual man; bishop; Maramureş; BBC; Rohia monastery;
The present article evokes Archbishop Justinian Chira, whose birth centenary was in 2021. All through his life, his interlocutors found that in the pious and warm man in front of them coexisted a true episkopos, that is, as the etymology of the word indicates, an custodian, a defender and a guarantor of the right faith, connected with his whole being to his native Maramureş, to the Church and to his country.
More...Keywords: financial audit; audit fee; company size;
Audit fees are among some of the most important concerns of audit firms, financial/statutory audit regulators and academia. The objective of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the impact of company size indicators on the formation of audit fees. Based on the data available in the “Audit Analytics” database, a sample of 27 companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange was selected, for which 524 observations were reported, representing the indicators “Audit Fee”, “Total Assets” and “Turnover” during 2017-2021. From the research carried out, it emerged that the turnover and total assets size indicators have a significant and positive influence on the financial audit fee. In addition, the findings indicate that “the market capitalization” indicator is not a predictive and causal variable of the value of the financial audit service.
More...Keywords: puppet theatre; puppet-key sign; education; the child spectator; children's show; the art of the actor; the art of animation;
The puppet theatre has unlimited possibilities for communication with the young audience, as the performances are based on different means of expression, thematic variety and innovative artistic formulas. The children's show incorporates literature and builds on it, in this sense, dramatisations are a basic element of the repertoire. The Children's and Youth Theater "Căluțul de Mare" in Constanța includes, in its repertoire prestigious names of writers of Romanian and universal literature: Ion Creangă, Carlo Gozzi, Grimm Brothers, Lewis Carroll, Wilhelm Hauff. In the theatrical construction of the show, the doll represents the sign key. Children's theatre is a total theatre. Children have no boundaries between fiction and reality. Youth theatre means creativity and play, it is the foundation on which the adult's personality is built later.
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