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Bosnia and Herzegovina as a political category through history

Bosna i Hercegovina kao politička kategorija kroz povijest

Author(s): Srećko M. Džaja / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: BiH; history; political category; international relations;

Na Okruglom stolu održanom u Budimpešti od 25. do 27. rujna 1998. bošnjački intelektualac i političar Rusmir Mahmutćehajić u zaključnom dijelu svoga izlaganja rekao je i ovo: “U osnovi je netočna i česta tvrdnja o BiH kao multikulturnoj zemlji. Naprotiv, BiH je kulturno, povijesno, politički i jezično homogenija od ijednoga svoga susjeda, te je moguće govoriti o multikulturnom sadržaju Srbije, čak Hrvatske, ali ne i Bosne i Hercegovine. Od njene najzapadnije do njene najistočnije točke, od najsjevernije do najjužnije, nema nikakve bitne razlike u jeziku. Ni najbolji antropolog na svijetu neće prepoznati nikakvu antropološku razliku među bosansko-hercegovačkim ljudima ma kako oni sebe imenovali.” Tom svojom tezom o homogenosti BiH Mahmutćehajić se, dakako, htio suprotstaviti separatizmu na srpskoj i dijelom i na hrvatskoj strani, koji je tijekom rata dobio sasvim jasne obrise, a daytonskom konstrukcijom BiH kao države s dva entiteta, odnosno s uspostavom Bošnjačko-Hrvatske Federacije i Republike Srpske kao zasebnih entiteta u studenom 1995. i međunarodno priznanje.

Use of creativity in social media marketing communication

Wykorzystanie kreatywności w komunikacji marketingowej marek w mediach społecznościowych

Author(s): Magda Wielgus / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: marketing communication;creativity;brand;social media;marketing;Facebook;Instagram

The purpose of the chapter was to show the impact of the use of creativity in marketing communication of brands in social media. It was realized through the analysis of selected examples of campaigns carried out in social media, distinguished by originality, the high interest of recipients and a positive assessment of experts.

Chapter 4 Virgil Madgearu between historicism, Marxism and classical liberalism

Capitolul 4 Virgil Madgearu între istoricism, marxism și liberalism clasic

Author(s): Andreas Stamate-Ştefan / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

SOCIAL REPRESENTATION OF HOMOSEXUALITY AMONG ROMANIAN STUDENTS: A STRUCTURAL APPROACH

REPREZENTAREA SOCIALĂ A HOMOSEXUALITĂȚII ÎN RÂNDUL STUDENȚILOR ROMÂNI: O ABORDARE STRUCTURALĂ

Author(s): Gabriel Bulboacă,Silvia Briceag,Viorel Robu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: homosexuality; social representation; Romanian university students; structural approach; prototypical analysis;

No social issue has attracted as much attention as homosexuality did. In Romania, scientific research on attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women is still poor.This paper summarizes the main findings of an exploratory study that aimed to determine the social representation of homosexuality among 375 Romanian university students. The participants completed a standardized task based on free association technique. The responses were analyzed lexically and semantically to differentiate the associations from a qualitative perspective. The structural approach was based on prototypical analysis.The results highlighted four dimensions of the social representation Romanian students have about homosexuality: a) a common representation (e.g., a different sexual orientation, boys/men, attraction between two persons of the same sex); b) a dimension related to desirable values of human existence (e.g., love); c) a pathological dimension (e.g., mental illness, abnormality/deviation); d) a religious dimension (e.g.,sin).

Notification of the Court with a Plea Agreement

Sesizarea instanței cu acordul de recunoaștere a vinovăției

Author(s): Ioana Stoenac-Cîrstea,Ciprian Stoenac / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: plea bargaining; guilty agreement; the defendant; procedure; judicial process;

The article briefly examines the main aspects related to the referral of the court in the procedure of a plea bargaining, uncluttering the unregulated issues with which the courts may face. With the conclusion of a plea bargaining agreement, the defendant forgoes the right to be tried in a joint judicial process and deprives himself of a series of rights. Regarding these issues, the defendant will have to weigh vigorously if necessary to initiate such a procedure, and will proceed as described only if it has certain benefits and will fully understand the consequences of a such procedure.

MARGINAL, BUT OPEN TO COMMUNICATE – SHAKESPEARE INSIDE COMMUNITIES . THE CASE OF REFUGEES AND VETERAN’S THEATRE

MARGINAL, DAR DESCHIS COMUNICĂRII – SHAKESPEARE ÎN INTERIORUL COMUNITĂȚILOR. CAZUL TEATRULUI PENTRU EMIGRANȚI ȘI PENTRU VETERANI

Author(s): Ioana Petcu-Pădurean / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: community theatre; communication; Shakespeare; refuges; veterans; visions of stage directors;

Considering as premise the playwriting of William Shakespeare being one of the touchstones of humanities, in this study we will rise the question about the method through which the work of the classic writer became a way of the contemporary society to reflect some of its most polemized, keen, difficult or challenging topics. Going on, a necessary answer will be given regarding the fact that the plays of the English author get today rather the utilitarian aspect in the scenic approach or if, in fact, there are more nuanced positioning. And there are, as we can not put aside the way that artists are often perceiving the message in a whole, not only on the edge of social, documentary or politic theatre. Therefore, what is it transmitted to us and what do we transmit to history when Shakespearean plays are staged in refuges camps or when debating the veteran’s status. In our approach we will focus on some main artistic directions or forum theatre examples: Love’s Labour’s Lost directed by Corinne Jabel at Kaboul in 2005, the Hamlet Globe Théâtre's production directed on refuges camp in Calais, in 2016, and also Macbeth directed by Peter Callender or the one directed by Amy Attaway from 2019, both talking about the veteran’s or vulnerable groups status. But we believe that each of those visions are simply emphasizing the idea that the great literature fights for fundamental humanist and moral principles.

Between Poland and Haiti: towards understanding the Other

Entre la Pologne et Haïti: regards et ouvertures sur l’autre

Author(s): Józef Kwaterko / Language(s): English,French,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Poland; Haiti; Napoleon’s expedition; cultural creolization; Halka

This paper is devoted to the historical and cross-cultural filiations between Poland and Haiti. I will start with the analysis of the historical context and I will focus on the historiography based on official reports and epistolary correspondence of the Polish soldiers sent by Napoleon Bonaparte to the French colony of Saint-Domingue (1802-1804) as well as on their perception of the need of freedom and national independence claimed by ancient slaves. Next, I will attempt to highlight some affinities between Polish and Haitian cultures such as the appropriation of the Polish Catholic virgin, transfigured into a voodoo goddess, the collaboration between a drama performer Jerzy Grotowski and Haitian naïve painters from the group Saint-Soleil or the film recording of the Polish romantic opera Halka in a small village of Cazale, inhabited by mulatto descendants of those Polish soldiers who remained in Haiti.

Can we speak of multilingualism in Polish school?

Peut-on parler du multilinguisme à l’école polonaise?

Author(s): Radosław Kucharczyk / Language(s): English,French,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: multilingualism; educational policy; foreign languages; minority languages; regional languages; Poland

The notion of multilingualism is relatively new in educational policy. Since it is multilingualism that decides on the coherence of the community, it is essential to value it first and foremost at school. The purpose of this article is to outline the main axes of the current educational policy and then present its implementation in the European and Polish education systems.

Stargardt’s disease functionally – about the ways of coping with severe visual impairment

Choroba Stargardta funkcjonalnie – o sposobach radzenia sobie z niepełnosprawnością wzroku w stopniu znacznym

Author(s): Magdalena Kokot / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Stargardt’s disease; visual impairment; partially sighted; legaly blind; assistive technologies; adaptation of printed material

Visual disability affects about 2 million Poles. This group includes people who have been diagnosed with Stargardt’s disease. This disease occurs in the general population with a frequency of one in 10,000. It leads to legal blindness with visual acuity lower than 5%. Visual disturbances in this disease may occur in children, i.e. 7–12 years of age, as well as in adolescents and adults. People suffering from this disease experience a significant reduction in visual acuity, difficulty in recognizing colors, impaired depth vision, difficulties with accommodation, impaired central vision and often severe photophobia. The aim of the research was to collect information about the assistive technologies used by people with Stargardt’s disease and to identify their ability to move independently despite a significant reduction in visual acuity. The research results show that most of the 102 surveyed people use various types of assistive technology and experience significant visual impairment. At the same time, a significant part of this group declares that despite the inability to read the black print text, they can still move quite freely.

Needs of people with disability and the participatory budget. Results of an opinion survey among Warsaw Muranów community

Potrzeby osób z niepełnosprawnością a budżet obywatelski. Wyniki ankiety opinii wśród społeczności warszawskiego Muranowa

Author(s): Adrianna Krzywik,Iwona Nowakowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: agency; communion; disability; participatory budget; urban space

The participatory budget in Warsaw is a form of citizen involvement in city planning. The projects submitted in the budget concern, among other things, the physical transformation of space, organizing events integrating the community, and educational programs. Each of the above categories may determine the inclusion of people with disabilities in society. Social inclusion in the perspective of city change is an interesting and still rarely researched phenomenon. This article is an analysis of the content of projects for people with disabilities submitted and implemented under the participatory budget in Warsaw in the years 2015–2020. On the basis of the collected material, a quantitative study was conducted and the results were used to formulate conclusions on how urban space is used and transformed through grassroots initiatives for people with disabilities. We present the scientific implications of the abovementioned analysis in the contexts of city sociology and environmental and rehabilitation psychology.

Teaching Polish as a task and tool of public diplomacy

Nauczanie języka polskiego jako zadanie i narzędzie dyplomacji publicznej

Author(s): Joanna Skoczek / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: public diplomacy; foreign policy; teaching Polish as a foreign language; promoting Polish language; China

The author describes how contemporary diplomacy sees, positions and becomes involved in teaching and promoting Polish language abroad, especially in China. The author starts from the theoretical analysis referring to the definition of public diplomacy and its constituents, then analyses strategy and operational documents of Polish foreign policy, recalling the experience of working in the General Consulate of Poland in Guangzhou to show the circumstances of promoting Polish language in China, the actions and their results. She also formulates demands that should be implemented.

Telemedicine and visual impairment - opportunities, threats, challenges

Telemedycyna a niepełnosprawność wzrokowa – szanse, zagrożenia, wyzwania

Author(s): Katarzyna Binder-Olibrowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: telemedicine; telehealth; e-Health; vision impairment; access to health care;digital exclusion

Telemedicine has been evolving for years, and the prevalence of its use spurred by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has made it difficult to imagine healthcare without it in the future. As with other health care interactions, there is a need to control the quality of telemedicine interactions. One of the determinants of this quality is the fit between the services and the needs of the recipients. For years, attention has been drawn to the inequalities in access to health care experienced by people with disabilities. Hence, the question is whether telemedicine is an opportunity to achieve equality or is it another threat for this group of people? What challenges are associated with the use of technology-based health care services? This study is an attempt to answer these questions in relation to people with visual dysfunctions.

A Protest and a Scandal

Protest i skandal, czyli o tym, co „niedopuszczalne”

Author(s): Przemysław Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: scandal; prohibition; convention; avant-garde; dadaism; futurism; repression

The author is concerned with a scandal deliberately created in the work of art (especially in literature). He distinguishes it from a scandal understood as an appraisal of someone’s act or behaviour. He considers intentional scandal in its function of protest, uniting a triple kind of provocation: social, artistic and political. Founding examples for such a kind of activity can be noticed among various groups of European avant-garde in the first decades of the 20th century. Analysing separately each of the three elements, the author states that the driving force of a deliberate scandal is a revelation of something that should have stayed concealed. He emphasizes that the norms and prohibitions broken by a scandal are always of common and historical nature.

The Fear of Omission

Strach przed pominięciem

Author(s): Dagmara Świerkowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: poetry slam; language of rebellion; spoken word; social art

Poetry slams are events bordering on poetry, theatre and performance. Organized around the world for over 40 years, they have become a method for the presentation of independent oral creativity. Their important feature is to trigger active involvement of recipients who become judges of slam poetry. Oral poetry created by slammers is usually colloquial. As a result, it is sometimes omitted in academic discussion and treated as devoid of aesthetic or, more broadly, literary values. The grassroots, and due to its oral character, ephemeral work of slammers often has a one-off dimension, so unarchived texts, testimonies of rebellion, disappear forever. The aim of the article is to present slammer statements as a new genre and to discuss the most important features indicating the issues of opposition contained in them, which constitute their thematic core.

Old church books reported by Zamfir Arbore in the Geographical Dictionary of Bessarabia at the beginning of the 20th century

Vechi cărţi bisericeşti semnalate de Zamfir Arbore În Dicţionarul Geografic al Basarabiei la începutul veacului al XX‑lea

Author(s): Sergiu Tabuncic / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Old church books; Geographical Dictionary of Bessarabia; 20th century;

În cazul lui Zamfir Arbore – mare personalitate istorică, militant împotriva monarhismului imperial rus şi luptător pentru unirea Basarabiei – recursul la trecut s‑a impus ca o necesitate, ca o întreprindere cu adevărat benefică, de revigorare a memoriei ştiinţifice a vremurilor în care a trăit, vremuri construite pe verticala devenirii naţionale moderne. În acest sens, Dicţionarul geografic al Basarabiei1, pe care l‑a publicat în anul 1904, a marcat un imperativ în acelaşi timp istoriografic, politic şi naţional, majoritatea covârşitoare a informaţiilor cuprinse în această lucrare fiind valabile şi astăzi, prin calitatea de adevăr ştiinţific.

Caudillo de España: Viriathus, Trajan, Franco

Caudillo de España: Viriathus, Trajan, Franco

Author(s): Oliver Baldwin / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Viriathus; Trajan; Antiquity; caudillo

The dictatorship of General Franco in Spain resorted to two characters of ancient Iberian history to promote Franco’s authoritarianism: Viriathus and Trajan. In the early years of the regime, Viriathus was often called “caudillo de los españoles”. The anachronic distinction was obviously meant to mirror Franco’s own title as Caudillo de España. Trajan, on the other hand, appeared as an Iberian conqueror and excellent, military, ruler, thus serving as a predecessor to another Iberian army general in power: Franco himself. These lines analyse how Trajan and Viriathus appeared, in Francoist propaganda and education, as two complementing precedents (internal and external, local and universal) of the greatest and final Caudillo de España, Franco.

In the element of a foreign word. Polyglotism and its implications in the light of Jan Potocki’s „Voyages”

W żywiole obcego słowa. Poliglotyzm i jego implikacje w świetle „Podróży” Jana Potockiego

Author(s): Maria Janoszka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

This article dwells on Jan Potocki’s polyglotism and his remarks included in his Voyages on the interlingual and intercultural dialogue, translation as well as the possibility of understanding foreign cultures. Born in a Polish aristocratic family, raised in a French-speaking environment, an excellent example of 18th-century cosmopolitan and a savant with an insatiable desire for knowledge, Potocki seems to live in multiple cultures and times at once, using his speaking skills and vast erudition as means to a better cognizance of foreign civilizations (European as well as Eastern), their history and everyday existence. He also reflects upon the conditions facilitating communication between varied languages and traditions (not to mention epochs), as well as the alienation or a sense of non-familiarity experienced by a voyager not only in contact with radical otherness but sometimes also in the surroundings seemingly well-known, yet profoundly changed in times of revolution.

Between class and identity: habitus, emotions, and change. Raymond Williams’s concept of structure of feeling in the light of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of class

Pomiędzy klasą a tożsamością: habitus, emocje i zmiana. Koncepcja structure of feeling Raymonda Williamsa w perspektywie teorii klasowej Pierre’a Bourdieu

Author(s): Monika Gnieciak,Kazimiera Wódz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

In social theory of the last several years, there has been a return to the category of class:its definition, range, and meaning have been analyzed. The authors of this article deal with thepart of the discussion whose key element is cultural practice that delineates class distinctions onthe level of unconscious reproduction of social inequalities. The concepts, inspired by Bourdieu’stheory, are embedded in class inequalities — constantly renewed through a hierarchically variedcharacter of social tastes that work beyond the level of consciousness and will. The articleattempts at proposing the broadening of thus understood class, undertaken by John Kirk, a researcherof British working class, and linking it with the category of the habitus and emotionaland moral aspects. In his theory, Kirk paid attention to the fact how Bourdieu’s theory of classand Williams’s theory of structure of feelings complemented each other. The theory of structureof feelings is a sense of deep community which enables favorable communication, that is, it pointsto the ways of identifying values in a given community, as well as enables to grasp their relationswith the already institutionalized and systematized beliefs. Similarly to habitus, it is formed onthe basis of a sense of community that does not have to be aware of itself in terms that are usuallyascribed to class awareness, and at the same time, it provides evidence on significant life experiences(as well as attitudes towards them) of groups or communities in a certain time by definingthe meaning of particular social events in the process of historical change and continuity.

MOOCs as a contemporary form of self-education and professional development

Kursy typu MOOC jako nowoczesna forma samokształcenia oraz doskonalenia zawodowego

Author(s): Agnieszka Kościńska,Agnieszka M. Sendur / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: MOOCs; e-learning; language education; competencies; self-education

Changes in the contemporary educational landscape that result both from the requirements of the labour market and the possibilities of accessing knowledge through information and communication technologies make participation in MOOC courses increasingly popular. MOOCs offer numerous advantages. Being held only in virtual space, they are available without time or place restrictions. Most of them are free of charge. Moreover, they are related to many different scientific disciplines, and their authors represent recognized scientific circles. If prepared properly, MOOCs can become an effective tool for developing professional and key competencies of their participants. The aim of this article is to present the extent to which MOOCs can support two parties that are engaged in the didactic process – foreign language learners and their teachers. In order to introduce the concept of MOOC courses, the article also includes a brief description of the main theories underlying e-learning as well as the development of MOOCs, their classifications and selected course proposals in the field of language teaching.

The role of organs constituting local government units in shaping the policy of rural development and agriculture

Rola organów stanowiących jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w kształtowaniu polityki rozwoju obszarów wiejskich i rolnictwa

Author(s): Magdalena Krzysztofik-Pelka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: local government units; rural areas; agriculture

The history of Polish and European rural development policy and agriculture indicates that rural development is gradual, requires a lot of commitment and time. The constitutive bodies of local government units have a great importance in shaping this policy. Their tasks of rural development and agriculture are of a diverse nature, which results from the systemic position of the organs and the scope of their activity. These are tasks related to, among others with the implementation of local tax policy in rural areas, shaping the beekeeping sector or supporting the local economy of rural areas. In addition, the activities undertaken for the development of rural areas in Poland by the authorities constituting municipalities and provinces are complementary to each other. The commune council directly influences the situation of a member of a small rural community. However, the voivodship parliament is involved in creating a uniform rural policy in all rural areas of the whole country.