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Polish Film Scholars on Polish Cinema (issue as one file)

Polish Film Scholars on Polish Cinema (issue as one file)

Author(s): Marcin Maron ,Agnieszka Morstin,Tomasz Łysak,Paulina Kwiatkowska,Sebastian Liszka,Ewa Ciszewska,Jacek Świdziński,Mikołaj Jazdon,Tadeusz Lubelski,Marcin Giżycki,Karolina Kosińska,Sebastian Jagielski,Rafał Marszałek,Beata Kosińska-Krippner,Anna Taszycka,Jadwiga Mostowska,Monika Maszewska-Łupiniak,Grzegorz Nadgrodkiewicz / Language(s): English / Issue: Spec.Issue/2013

Keywords: Polish Film; Polish Cinema; Film studies; Polish film scholars; Kwartalnik Filmowy; Instytut Sztuki Pan; Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Special English language issue including articles by Polish film scholars on Polish cinema. The first special issue of “Kwartalnik Filmowy” in English was prepared in the framework of the “National Programme for the Development of the Humanities”. We would like to treat this publication as an opportunity to share internationally the noteworthy research tendencies in Polish film studies concerning our national cinema, to indicate interesting phenomena in this cinema, and to present “Kwartalnik Filmowy” as an important, nationally unique field of reflection on film, which encompasses all academic centres of film research in Poland. The first section is devoted to new interpretations of Polish film masterpieces. It is said that every generation writes its own history of the cinema. Thanks to temporal distance, these works can be liberated from their old circumstantial political and cultural contexts, so that new values can be found in them. Today, Polish documentary cinema is sometimes more exploratory than fiction cinema. This is testified by papers presented in section two of the present volume. The last section of the present volume is devoted to experimental tendencies and explorations in search of a new language in film. For us, the electronic issue of “Kwartalnik Filmowy” is also an important experiment and an attempt to reach a wider audience. We count on your feedback and hope for a fruitful dialogue and other forms of cooperation.

ERRC Country Report: In Search of Happy Gypsies: Persecution of Pariah Minorities in Russia

ERRC Country Report: In Search of Happy Gypsies: Persecution of Pariah Minorities in Russia

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Issue: 14/2005

Keywords: persecuiton of minorities in Russia; human rights abuse of Roma in Russia

ERRC monitoring of Roma rights in Russia has revealed an alarming pattern of human rights abuse of Roma and other people perceived as "Gypsies". The magnitude of the abuse is only comparable to that of the perpetrators’ impunity. Anti-Romani racism is widespread in Russia today. The law guarantees equal treatment and protection against discrimination of all people in Russia, yet Roma, among several other ethnic minorities, find themselves excluded from the equal protection of the law, or in fact frequently any protection of the law. Indeed, the authorities whose duty is to uphold human rights are often themselves implicated in gross human rights violations or acquiesce in them. Violence and abuse of Roma by law enforcement and judicial authorities, often motivated by racial animus, persists unchallenged and unremedied. Racism also effectively precludes many Roma from accessing education, health care, housing, employment, and public services. Widespread scepticism regarding the rule of law and rampant corruption at various levels of government have created an environment systemically thwarting human rights and fundamental freedoms in Russia. Certain ethnic minority groups, including Roma, find themselves particularly at risk of being targeted for abusive measures, especially in the context of stepped up efforts to fight terrorism, organised crime and drug dealing. Three campaigns dominating Russian internal security policy at present -- the "war against terrorism", the "war against corruption" and the "war against drugs" -- are strongly associated with three most stigmatised ethnic and national groups -- "persons of Caucasian nationality", Jews, and "Gypsies". The "war on drugs" has gradually generated, during the 1990s, the image of the typical drug dealer, namely, the "Gypsy". Today, the identification of the Roma with drug dealing has reached a point of near synonymous usage in the media. Anti-Romani racism is widespread in Russia today. Entrenched assumptions that Roma have a natural proclivity to crime lead to systematic denial of fundamental rights to Roma because of their ethnicity [...]. “In Search of Happy Gypsies: Persecution of Pariah Minorities in Russia” presents evidence of persistent racial profiling and abuse of Roma by the organs of the criminal justice system. Arguably the most extensive racial profiling of Roma in Russia has occurred in the framework of the series of police raids targeting Romani communities and officially named “Operation Tabor” -- a title which unequivocally relates the action to Roma.

JAJCE AT THE CENTRE AND THE MARGINS OF HISTORY AND BEAUTY

JAJCE SREDIŠTE I MARGINA POVIJESTI I LJEPOTE

Author(s): Dubravko Lovrenović / Language(s): English / Issue: III/2007

Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Jajce; historical period; Eneolithic Neolithic period; Antiquity; Middle Ages; Ottoman period; Austro-Hungarian period; First and Second Yugoslavia

A tribute to Jajce as a town with a many-millennium-long history and of cultural-historical and political importance for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The town's development is described through historical periods from the Eneolithic Neolithic period to the present day, when the town of Jajce must choose between Europeization and provincialization for its future development.

“Creditor rem sibi oppignoratam a debitore emere non potest” (Brev. IP. 2, 12, 6)

“Creditor rem sibi oppignoratam a debitore emere non potest” (Brev. IP. 2, 12, 6)

Author(s): Magdolna Szűcs / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: postclassical Roman Law; pledge; lex commissoria; purchase of the pledge; Lex Romana Visigothorum.

In the Lex Romana Visigothorum is present the rule on the prohibition to the pledgee to buy the pledged thing from the debtor. The author analyzing the texts of the Breviary intends to answer the question: why the texts of Pauli Sententiae and the Constantine’s constitution on commissoria rescindenda were interpreted as a prohibition to the creditor to purchase the object of the pledge from the debtor? By the interpretations the new rule was introduced which is contrary to the classical and Justinian’s law. Accepting the opinion that the ius was subordinated to the leges and even harmonized with it in the Breviary, the research embraces also those imperial constitutions which can show the circumstances in which the rule was made. Using both, the dogmatic and historical method, the author’s conclusion is that creditors used sale contract to cover unlawful appropriation of the debtor’s property. This practice and the problems of Vth century were well known to the interpreters and to the people as well, therefore the rule expresses the common understanding

Human Rights in Serbia 2013

Human Rights in Serbia 2013

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2013

TOL Special report-Chernobyl: anatomy of the disaster

TOL Special report-Chernobyl: anatomy of the disaster

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 05/03/2016

Keywords: Chernobyl; aniversary; disaster; nuclear; Ukraine; Belarus; environment;

Thirty years ago, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine exploded, directly resulting in several dozendeaths and the formation of a “radioactive cloud” that quickly disseminated over several regions of Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, and other European countries.

Social Partnership in Russia: Prerequisites, Problems and Trends

Social Partnership in Russia: Prerequisites, Problems and Trends

Author(s): Elena Victorovna Frolova,Natalia V. MEDVEDEVA,Elena Evgen'evna Kabanova,Svetlana N. Kurbakova,Mikhail V. Vinichenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2016

Keywords: social partnership; economic and social development; business;

The article deals with social partnership as a system of relationships in which the three sectors, the government, business and society, act as the subjects of partnerships while a set of social problems serves as the object. To date, the social and economic premises for the development of social partnership between business and government in the Russian Federation, particularly at the municipal level, have not been fully explored, since the social welfare of both the regions and the country as a whole depends on sustainable social and economic development of municipalities. The scientific and practical significance lies in analyzing and identifying key issues that restrict the development of social partnership at the municipal level in the current conditions. On the basis of the analysis, the authors note the prevailing objective contradiction between the municipalities’ need for private investment funds and lack of them. This problem suggests that in today's market conditions more flexible mechanisms for attracting business to solve local issues have to be used. The paper summarizes the current practices for implementing public-private partnership projects and identifies priority ones. The research concludes that more active implementation of the partnership approach is needed to address the problems of local governments. This will help create new opportunities for social development through capabilities of each sector and new ways of their application.

On the Formation of Scythian Quiver Sets in the Second Half of the 6th Century BC

О формировании скифских колчанных наборов второй половины VI в. до н. э.

Author(s): Marina Daragan / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: North Pontic Region; Scythian Period; Scythians; chronology; arrowheads; quiver set; arrowheads production; weapon logistic

The series of identical or similar type of arrowheads, produced using one of similar type molding boxes, were identified in quivers from the North Pontic region kurgans through the search among Scythian symmetrical arrowheads with hidden plug from the second chronological group. A series of burials were defined with identical symmetrical arrowheads with the groove reaching the point, П-formed groove covering 2/3 of the arrowhead length, and similar head-tipped arrowheads with a small extended sleeve and size of 1.5—2 cm, and weight of 0,56—1,50 gr. Warriors, in which burials such arrowheads were found, were contemporaries. The lifetime of such arrowheads from these burials is limited to the period of the third quarter 6th — no later than the turn of 6th/5th centuries BC, according to their deposition in the funerary complexes. The studied series of symmetrical arrowheads are solely the product of Northern Black Sea region. Symmetrical arrowheads of this time are fundamentally different from the arrows of the Early Scythian epoch, and 5th—4th century BC, both in morphology and metrology. The appearance of a series of technically and stylistically identical arrowheads on the relatively large area ipoints to the fact that they not only were produced in the same environment, but also that there existed market-oriented craft industries. The source of supply could be seen as a single master or a single workshop or a variety of shops, but using the same templates.

Repertory of the Acta Ethnographica Hungarica

Repertory of the Acta Ethnographica Hungarica

Author(s): Edit Labancz / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2005

USE OF THE REPERTORY; BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA; SPECIAL ISSUES; CONTENTS OF VOLUMES; NAME INDEX; SUBJECT INDEX; GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX; REVIEW INDEX;

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND "gloom" JUSTICE

VIOLENCE CONTRE LES FEMMES ET « MOROSITE » DE LA JUSTICE

Author(s): Corina Veleanu,Andressa Bittencourt / Language(s): French / Issue: 21/2017

Keywords: legilinguistics; discourse; gender violence.

This paper aims at offering a legilinguistics and contrastive approach to the evolution of some legal terms and phrases in the field of gender violence in English and Romance languages. A more particular focus is given to terms, phrases and structures used in Brasil and Latin America, as well as to sociolinguistic relations with terms outside the scope of gender violence, such as “morosidade da justiça”. Different types of discourses (media, public authorities, victims) are explored in order to shed more light on the interdependence underlying the evolving interaction of various participants to communication acts and the influence of the merchandisation of information on the legal environments within our consumption societies.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE FLE MANUAL DESIGNED FOR CORE CYCLE SECONDARY QUALIFYING MOROCCO: THE ABSENCE OF A DEVICE RECOMMENDED FOR TEACHING ORAL UNDERSTANDING

L’ANALYSE DU MANUEL DU FLE CONÇU POUR LE TRONC COMMUN DU CYCLE SECONDAIRE QUALIFIANT MAROCAIN : L’ABSENCE D’UN DISPOSITIF RECOMMANDE POUR L’ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA COMPREHENSION ORALE

Author(s): Mohammed Aguidi,Brahim Bel-Mkaddem / Language(s): French / Issue: 21/2017

Keywords: Oral comprehension; Dispositive; Common core; Textbook

In fact, for all profiles/sections, the teaching of French language in the common core of the Moroccan secondary schooling is realised having as base the textbook, which integrates in its content integral works conceived as didactic modules. The textbook is composed by four modules, each of them having a maximum of two didactic sequences. Each sequence has didactic purposes that have to be reached by the student/pupil, based on the skill trening activities. But, the question arises – is there a reserved place for the competence of oral comprehension? In order to answer this question, it would be logical to return to the summary of the textbook, for finding the clues that may determine the key to the initial question.

The Effect of Macroeconomic Environment and Hedonic Market on the Property Pricing Strategy

The Effect of Macroeconomic Environment and Hedonic Market on the Property Pricing Strategy

Author(s): Ade Dikdik ISNANDAR,Erie Febrian,Aldrin Herwany,Mokhamad Anwar / Language(s): English / Issue: 60/2018

Keywords: maroeconomic environment; hedonic market; pricing strategy; property

The increase of prices for residential property is going through an annual increase (yoy). In the third quarter of 2017, residential property prices were estimated to grow by 3.99% (yoy), higher than 3.17% (yoy) in the second quarter of 2017. Based on the typeof building, the highest increase in house price is expected to occur in small type of building (7,79% yoy). Property investment in West Java also experienced an increase as reflected in the rise of property price index in the third quarter of 2014. The strategy of property pricing is allegedly influenced by macroeconomic environment and hedonic market. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of macroeconomic environment and hedonic market on the property pricing strategy in West Java. The research was conducted by quantitative method. The unit of analysis and observation unit in this research is the customer of the property company in West Java. Observation conducted using time horizon which is cross section / one shoot that means information or data, collected directly at the scene, empirically at one time that is end of year 2017. The population is property companies in West Java, with sample taken as many as 50 respondents. Hypothesis testing is done by usePartial Least Square (PLS). The results show that the macroeconomic environment and hedonic market both influence the pricing strategy. The macroeconomic environment has a more dominant influence than the hedonic market in the formulation of pricing strategy. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for property management companies in West Java that in the formulation of pricing strategies must consider the macroeconomic environment of population, household income, and interest rates. In addition, the pricing strategy should also consider the hedonic market aspect, especially the environmental and location aspects, physical structure, physical environment, and investment.

Fuzzy Set Model of Project Portfolio Optimization Inclusive for Requirements of Stakeholders

Fuzzy Set Model of Project Portfolio Optimization Inclusive for Requirements of Stakeholders

Author(s): Elena LIKHOSHERST,Lev Solomonovich Mazelis,Aleksandr GRESKO,Kirill LAVRENYUK / Language(s): English / Issue: 51/2017

Keywords: project portfolio optimization; stakeholder approach; social significance; utility function; fuzzy model;

The paper suggests a fuzzy model for the formation of an optimal portfolio of investment projects of the company, which adheres to stakeholder management as a discrete institutional alternative. It considers companies whose main stakeholders are company personnel, founders and investors; society; structures and bodies of state administration. Each of the stakeholders has its own requests in relation to the company. Optimization of the portfolio is based on the proposed multiplicative utility function, which reflects the stakeholder importance of projects and includes, along with the indicator of economic efficiency, qualitative indicators characterizing social and state significance. Risk management is carried out within the framework of the portfolio investment theory of H. Markowitz using the scenario approach. To model the uncertainty of input parameters and the results of project implementation, a fuzzy set approach is used, in which verbal expert estimates of input parameters and results of projects are transformed into fuzzy sets with subsequent formulation and solution of fuzzy optimization problems. A fuzzy model is transformed into a clear quadratic programming problem, which is solved using standard numerical methods. An example of the formation of a portfolio of real projects of a construction company, a developer, operating in the market of the Primorsk Territory of the Russian Federation, is considered.

The Island of Snakes in the heart of Romania: the trial of the Hungarian optants and other injustices of the vile system, affected by a serious widespread corruption Part II

Insula șerpilor din inima României: procesul optanților maghiari și alte nedreptăți ale sistemului ticăloșit, afectat de o gravă corupție generalizată Partea a II a

Author(s): Valentin Stelian Bădescu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: revisionism; domestic and internationalized process of Hungarian electors; public international law;

„Transylvania is the country par excellence of the ancestors of the Romanian people, the Dacians, who had, within its borders, the center of their power and the capital of their state during the wars with the Romans. It is then an essential part of the Roman province of Dacia, which also had its capital here, as well as the headquarters of the two legions. Inhabited incessantly during the pre-feudal period by the descendants of the Daco-Romans, ie by the ancient Romanians, Transylvania is the homeland of the first Romanian voivode attested by historical sources, a voivode who opposes the armies of the Hungarian invaders. Here I mention the medieval documents for the first time "the country of the Romanians". Just as, from its contents, the great rivers that cross the Carpatho-Danubian space are born, in the same way, incessantly, over the centuries, the overflow of the Romanian population flows from it, crossing the mountains to the south, to the east and to the north. Valued by the persevering, bimillennial work of our people, Transylvania is a typical Romanian land. The Romanians are the first inhabitants that history remembers in Transylvania, local inhabitants, sons of its land, “we are from here” as the Romanian peasants from the place say; the Romanians form the vast majority of the population of Transylvania, with them living here a number of Hungarians, Szeklers, Saxons and Swabians. Through their incessant, hard work, the inhabitants of Transylvania made the earth bear fruit, bringing to light its wealth. For thousands of years we have been sowing and reaping, raising flocks of cattle, digging vines, making ponds and extracting salt, gold and fuel oil from the depths of the earth. On the basis of all these facts, it is normal, therefore, that the natural, unshakable unity of Transylvania with the entire Romanian land should have gained a repeated international consecration, first through the Peace Treaty of Trianon (1920), then that of Paris (1947)”. [Constantin C. Giurăscu, „Transylvania in the history of the Romanian people”].

Tartu Semiotics Library 21: Neuroscience and Translation

Tartu Semiotics Library 21: Neuroscience and Translation

Author(s): Maria Tymoczko / Language(s): English / Issue: 21/2021

Keywords: neuroscience; language; brain functions; perception; memory; translation; semiotics;

Paradoxically this book grows directly out of my work on translation in postcolonial contexts and my studies of power, resistance, and activism in relation to translation. Thus, this study is directly related to the core of my earlier articles and books that investigate the nature of translation. After I published Enlarging Translation, Empowering Translators (Tymoczko 2007), my attention turned to the role of cross-cultural concepts in translation. I was interested in the ways that cross-cultural concepts are often assimilated in translation to the norms of the receiving audiences, particularly when a receiving culture claims cultural hegemony. I began to investigate the roots of cultural power formed at the micro levels of cognition and language but manifest at the macro levels of translation.

D(is) M(anibus) S(acrum) – AN OVERVIEW OF FUNERARY BEHAVIOURS ON THE TERRITORY OF PRESENT-DAY SWITZERLAND FROM LATE PROTOHISTORY TO EARLY MEDIEVAL TIMES THROUGH THE STUDY OF MATERIAL REMAINS, TEXTUAL SOURCES AND FUNERARY INSCRIPTIONS

D(is) M(anibus) S(acrum) – AN OVERVIEW OF FUNERARY BEHAVIOURS ON THE TERRITORY OF PRESENT-DAY SWITZERLAND FROM LATE PROTOHISTORY TO EARLY MEDIEVAL TIMES THROUGH THE STUDY OF MATERIAL REMAINS, TEXTUAL SOURCES AND FUNERARY INSCRIPTIONS

Author(s): Tobias Hofstetter / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: Switzerland; Roman funerary rites; Multidisciplinarity;

The present article focuses on funerary behaviours on the territory of present-day Switzerland from the end of the protohistoric period to the early Middle Ages. In order to investigate this topic, a careful analysis of material remains, textual sources and funerary inscriptions, was carried out. The main objective of this article lies in the multidisciplinary study of funerary behaviours. To this end, funerary gestures, rites, commemorative modalities, funerary recruitment, as well legal and religious frameworks and the collective social comprehension of death are considered. To achieve these goals, the present article aims to include any contribution to the clarification of this topic provided by various disciplines such as funerary archaeology, bioanthropology, ancient history, geography, social anthropology, religious sciences, law, literature and philology as well as ancient funerary epigraphy. The consideration of these various sources for the case of 6 distinct places in Switzerland (Geneva – Genava, Nyon – Colonia Iulia Equestris, Augst / Kaiseraugst – Augusta Raurica, Valais – Vallis Poenina, Brugg / Gebenstorf / Windisch – Vindonissa and Avenches – Aventicum) has enabled us to outline the contours of the funerary phenomenon in Switzerland during Antiquity in a relatively precise manner. As such, one observes several different dynamics in the evolution of funerary behaviours depending on the places studied. This probably reflects the way in which the various communities interacted, made sense of, appropriated, or disregarded Roman funerary cultural codes.

Franz Boas and the human matrix: the thousand and one faces of primitive and civilized man

Franz Boas and the human matrix: the thousand and one faces of primitive and civilized man

Author(s): Mihai A. Stroe / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: relationality; diffusionism; cognitive web/field; racism; book burning; language; cultural matrix; evolution; regression; adaptation; accumulation;plasticity and innovative poetics;

Franz Boas (1858–1942), the major founder of American anthropology, started his career by asking what the laws of human evolution are and how mankind transformed as it advanced through time in its adventure on Earth. One of the greatest dilemmas he encountered was the question of nature versus nurture (e.g. nature versus culture) and the interrelation between them (unilaterally creative-stimulative or destructive-inhibitive, or mutually co-creative / co-destructive). Franz Boas was among the first anthropologists to have had the courage and power to tackle and settle once and for all issues such as racism: for the latter and similar reasons, his books The mind of primitive man (1911) and Anthropology and modern life (1928) were burned in public autos-da-fé by the German Nazis in the 1930s. For many anthropological questions he found irresistible answers that hold their validity even today, that is why he can be considered to be among the scientists who best understood the nature of the human matrix. Hereby we propose a tour-de-force incursion through one of the most powerful systems of thought in the 20th century that marked off the beginning of American anthropology. From Boasian anthropology derive so many scientific ramifications that they defy a brief summary; we hereby propose a reconsideration of Boas’s legacy which enables us to reach at least a few answers to the questions constellating the human matrix. The human phenomenon is one of the most complex in the cosmos, and that is why its riddles claim our undivided attention. Nature and nurture work inextricably together in a system of embedded multiple layers functioning like a fine-tuned quantum clockwork mechanism whose enigma we may start to understand if we agree to move out of our own cognitive matrix (or field), out of our own social cocoon, in order to see in its vastness and majesty the puzzle of all puzzles: life in action with its thousand and one faces.

University courses and specialized journals

Cursuri universitare şi reviste de specialitate

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: Supliment/2022

Keywords: courses extracts; names of specialized journals; Maritime law;

A. Maritime and aeronautical law course - 1943, by university professor D. Gălășescu-PYK, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Law, 802 pages. Extracts: 1. Autonomy and the object of maritime law - pp. 3-52 / 2. Interpretation method – pp. 198-218 / 3. About vessels - pp. 219-241 / 4. Legal nature of vessels – pp. 261-287 / 5. About shipowners – pp. 612-648 / 6. Auxiliaries and maritime support staff – pp. 657-692 / B. Maritime and fluvial Journals / C. From the "Civil Navigation Bulletin", no. 2/1982 and no. 3/1983, edited by CPLMC - Constanta. 1. One hundred years since the appearance of the Navigation Regulations for the merchant marine of the United Principalities, approved by Alexandru Ioan Cuza, by Economist Aurică Smaranda (parts I and II)

William Blake in Romanian translation: Milton – a critical bilingual edition

William Blake in Romanian translation: Milton – a critical bilingual edition

Author(s): Mihai A. Stroe / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Romanian translation; epic prophecy; time travel; eternalism; apocalyptic literature; Book of Daniel; infinite plane; romanticism; water of life; vital force; EZ water;

Milton (1804–1808), an epic poem of two thousand lines, known to exist in four copies, is William Blake’s second masterpiece (his first is Jerusalem, 1804–1820). Milton is a marvel of complexity in romantic poetry and illuminated painting (water-colours). It is indispensable for understanding Blake’s myth-making. We published the present Romanian translation in 2006. Here we republish it with a few revisions, and providing the bilingual edition for the first time with a critical apparatus in the English language (introductory study – William Blake’s symbolic cosmogony: with a special reference to the Book of Daniel and the “water of life”; and Notes, presenting literary, philosophical, historical, spiritual and scientific contexts, as well as matters of translation). The English text of Milton follows Geoffrey Keynes’s 1976 Oxford edition Blake complete writings with variant readings (pp 480–535). The student of English and Romanian should be aware that the poem presents extreme linguistic difficulty, and the same is true also for the other two poems making up Blake’s Prophetic Books, namely Vala, or The four Zoas (1796–1807) and Jerusalem (1804–1820). We offered a translation of Vala in 2006, and of Jerusalem in 2021, so at around the bicentennial of their being written. In the scheme of the Prophetic Books, Blake’s Milton occupies a special place, since here Blake uniquely offers distinct keys for the decipherment of his esoteric symbols. The introductory study clarifies, in a synoptic survey, crucial questions regarding Blake’s symbolic cosmogony; a special reference is made to: 1) the Book of Daniel, which proves to be a key in understanding the apocalyptic and prophetic dimensions of Blake’s works; and 2) the “Water of Life,” a biblical (New Testament) concept associated with the Holy Ghost (cf. John & Revelation), reminding us of William Harvey’s “vital force” and of Gerald Pollack’s newly discovered “EZ water,” or “exclusion-zone water,” i.e. water in the 4th phase, between solid and liquid, which has life-supporting and healing properties, being what looks like one of the crucial engines of life.

Lithic analysis of the Middle and Late Upper Palaeolithic in Hungary

Lithic analysis of the Middle and Late Upper Palaeolithic in Hungary

Author(s): György Lengyel / Language(s): English / Issue: 86/2018

Keywords: Lithic technology; technical behavior; raw material procurement; hunter-gatherers; subsistence strategy;

This paper presents lithic technology studies on the Middle and Late period of the Upper Palaeolithic in Hungary between 26 and 13 ka BP. The studies aimed at describing and then comparing the technological processes from lithic raw material procurement to the formal tool making. An attempt was made to find correlations between technological features and chronological positions of the assemblages to see if lithic technology operated traditionally or opportunistically. The study found that technology was rather shaped toward efficiency with an adaptive behavior. Therefore, in most cases, the way how tools were made is useless to differentiate archaeological cultures, while the tools themselves, especially the armatures, can be markers of cultures as was shown earlier. This study found that the formation of the archaeological record and its variability most likely depended upon the dynamism of human ecology.