Keywords: Consumer goods; Personal consumption; Economic-social structure; prices;
The rapid increase in the supply of consumer goods, higher individual purchasing power, the transformation of the economic-social structure, and substantial shifts in prices and price relations have in the last 15 years brought about considerable changes in the structure of personal consumption. (Tables I and II).
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Keywords: social economy; social entrepreneurship; social enterprises; rural areas; Lithuania;
The paper analyses the peculiarieties of social economy, focusing the scientific attention to social enterprises and their environment in EU and, especially, Lithuania. The research problem of the paper lays upon revealing the situation and development of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in EU and Lithuania, especially emphasizing rural areas and their peculiarities. The aim of the paper is to disclose the role of social economy and the importance of social enterprises in it, especially concentrating on the environment analysis for such business in Lithuanian rural areas. In the research paper, there were analysed social economy context and importance, legal, economic and social environment of social enterprises in Lithuanian rural area, and social enterprises in Lithuania in terms of latest statistical data. Main findings of the fulfilled research are following: social economy remains very important in EU countries, but the exposure of it is quite different in various countries. Lithuania is trying to implement the principals of social economy in the policy of the country. Now the attention is focused on social entrepreneurship and social enterprises as the unused potential for economy boost in the country. Environment analysis of social enterprises, especially focusing on rural areas of Lithuania, revealed that situation is getting better, but there are a lot of things to be improved for successful development of social business in the country. The improvement should start from public institutions and their focused activity to improve conditions for social enterprises. Otherwise, intentions from business actors are very important also. The further guidance of this research could lead to deeper analysis of social entrepreneurs’ intentions due to starting up social business gathering primary data from the potential and existing entrepreneurs. Rural areas remain as unexplored area for social business creation, especially when additional financial support is planned for them.
More...Keywords: information literacy;librarians;professional development;portals;cultura informației;bibliotecari;perfecționare profesională;portaluri
The premises, the objectives and the advantages of creating an online professional environment - Romanian Librarian’s Portal - are presented. Articolul prezintă premisele, obiectivele și avantajele creării unui mediu profesional online: Portalul Bibliotecarilor din România.
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Keywords: Haban ceramics; 17th century; Museum of Applied Arts; Budapest; Jenő Radisics; ethnography and applied art; collection building; private Haban collectors; exhibitions of Haban ceramics;
The Museum of Applied Arts has the richest collection of Haban ceramics of any public collection in Hungary. The museum preserves close to four hundred items of Haban ceramics made before 1760: vessels, stove tiles, a stove and floor tiles. The article presents the history of the collection with special regard to the aims of the collecting, the circumstances of acquisitions and the most important collectors. It cites the thought of Jenő Radisics, the director general who has made the greatest contribution to the museum, on collection building that can be regarded as the most up-to-date museum conception at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, particularly because his ideas laid the foundations for the 21st century philosophy of museums. These Haban ceramics intended for the use of aristocrats also served as a material relic of the national consciousness of European nation-states.
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The roles of spouses in consumer decision making underwent a thorough research at Polish households in 1990, 2005 and 2010. The survey covered households consisting of at least two adults of different gender who took all economic and financial decisions regarding the household together. The main purpose of the research was to examine the importance of the role in decision taking in feminine and masculine perspective. The results displayed possibilities of continuing the research and verifying a hypothesis pinpointing households representing higher income, wealth and education levels of both partners, as the ones which manifest consumption decisions autonomy. Due to decline of emotional ties within households, decisions traditionally perceived as male lost their masculine character and moved to autonomic decision area. Similarly, decisions with strong feminine domination, such as food products or cosmetics, lost their obvious femininity.
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Keywords: Korobčino; 9th century; Ukraine; Hungary; Dnieper region;
We do not know any written source that would hint at Hungarians in the Ukraine prior to the 9th century. We know, however, that the Hungarians were already settled in the Dnieper region in the first half of the 9th century, where they held up the Russian delegates on their return from Constantinople in 839. The Nestor chronicle wrote about “Ugrian hills” in the ancient Kiev. They were first mentioned with regard to the year of 882 when Oleg arrived and defeated Askold and Dirt. This place name, associated with the Hungarians, had probably appeared in Kiev much earlier. The annals reported in 898 that the Ugrians had arrived in Kiev from the east and the put up yurts on the hill called Ugor over the Dnieper.
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Keywords: Gagauzia;Moldova;separatism
Living in an unrecognised country is not an easy thing, but living in an almost unrecognised state is probably even worse!
More...Keywords: manager; management; management of quality; cultural organizing; organizational culture; marketing; selling policy; creativity; managerial responsability; managerial targets; economic efficiency;
High management develops a working culture, over other processes, which reflects its image, its belief about what needs to be done just for the organization to develop into the competitive environment. The managers are those who make possible for the employees to follow the pattern of fundamental values shown by their own example of working. The working example of the managers is developed into an organizational culture of performance.
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Keywords: family home; real estate; moveable assets; consent; co-management; rented accommodation;
Inspired by the French regulation, the Romanian Civil Code has created forthe first time a very important legal regime for the family home and for the goodsfurnishing and decorating it.For the living environment is vital for the normality and balance of family life,the provisions on family dwelling come to protect the spouses and their children.An element integrated by the legislator in the primary regime (imperativenorms governing the patrimonial relations between spouses and between them and thirdparties, irrespective of the matrimonial regime), the special protection of the familydwelling aims at ensuring a balance, a real equality of spouses by avoiding abuses ofone of them that could lead to destabilization of the family.The paper deals with the regime of legal acts concerning the family home, thenature of these acts, the duration and conditions of protection, the rights of the spouseson the rented dwelling, the limitation of these rights, as well as the comparativetheoretical and practical elements of France or Quebec.
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Keywords: taxation; exemption; tax provisions; diplomatic relations;
The specific agreements that were signed by the Romanian government for regulating the taxation policy when international aspects are involved are the main issues of analysis in this paper. The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization agreement and other European treaties and agreements are some of the reviewed agreements, but the investigation is not necessarily linked to a specific tax issue. When a specific tax issue is particularly mentioned, the paper raises some question at first sight. The taxation of subjects of law involved in international activities represents a key issue in international relations. Although the research is specific to domestic cases, the paper presents the theoretic background that applies to every member state that has signed the agreements in question. The position of these agreements in the hierarchy of the sources of law is explained.
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Keywords: JEL: L00; M00; O00
The paper is devoted to digitalization of enterprises as a challenge of the 21st century. It is measured on national and cross-border region levels on the case of Bulgaria and Macedonia. The methods applied include a comparison of the state of the art and of trends of digitalization by size of enterprises. Data used for a country level is from national statistical institutions, for the level of their cross-border regions – from a database from a survey of 1941 enterprises, collected in the frame of a European project in 2017. It is argued digitalization is a contemporary way of innovating, which depends on the size of enterprises. The new stage of digitalization is characterized by the usage of big data. Development of the respective algorithms for using big data is understood as a prerequisite for improving connectivity, networking and complexity of business processes. The latter characterizes preparedness to reap the benefits of emerging technologies and to capitalize opportunities of the digital revolution.
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Keywords: Bioeconomics; multifunctional agriculture; biotechnology; master;
As the planetary natural resources are limited, the European Commission has adopted a strategy and action plan called “Bioeconomy for Europe” which aims at making the renewable and bio-renewable bio-resources sustainable in food, energy and other industrial products. The key aspects of the strategy refer to: the development of technologies and processes for bioeconomy, the development of markets and competitiveness in the bioeconomy sectors, close collaboration between all actors involved: local community, state, labor force, bio suppliers, specialists in the field, scientists, economists, chemists, energetics and all the bio-industries. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the most important master programs in bioeconomics at international level and the perspectives of the masters programs in bioeconomics in Romania. The necessity to occupy the positions of specialists in fields such as bio-energy, bio-economics, bio-pharmaceutical, food security, agriculture, fish farming, forestry, green chemistry, bio-food industry supports the idea of attending bioeconomy training courses. Beginning in this new area of activity, Romania should not lose its start by rapidly and dynamically engaging in economic research and study programs that support bioeconomy.
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Keywords: Belarus;exclusion;Discrimination
Discrimination in Belarus has its peculiarities and nuances. But in general, its origins lie within the common attitudes of the patriarchal world where people are still divided into a “majority” and “minority” group.
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Keywords: Munch; Ibsen; Hedda Gabler; aesthetics; nineteenth-century philosophy
Among Edvard Munch’s many portraits of Henrik Ibsen, the famous Norwegian dramatist and Munch’s senior by a generation, one stands out. Large in scope and with a characteristic pallet of roughly hewed gray blue, green and yellow, the sketch is given the title Geniuses. Munch’s sketch shows Ibsen, who had died a few years earlier, in the company of Socrates and Nietzsche. The picture was a working sketch for a painting commissioned by the University. While Munch, in the end, chose a different motif for his commission, it is nonetheless significant that he found it appropriate to portrait the Norwegian dramatist in the company of key European philosophers, indeed the whole span of the European philosophical tradition from its early beginnings to its most controversial spokesman in the late 1800s. In my article, I seek to take seriously Munch’s bold and original positioning of Ibsen in the company of philosophers. Focusing on Hedda Gabler—a play about love lost and lives unlived—I explore the aesthetic-philosophical ramifications of Ibsen’s peculiar position between realism and modernism. This position, I suggest, is also reflected in Munch’s sketches for the set design for Hermann Bahr’s 1906 production of the play.
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Keywords: internet; content moderation; non-presence; digital image; ontology; supervision; discipline
The article is an attempt to reflect on the issue of content moderation on the Internet, in particular, visual content. The author refers to the book Algorithms of Oppression, in which Safiya Umoja Noble describes oppressive discrimination systems functioning within the network, as well as two narratives describing the work of the so-called content moderators – artistic installation Dark Content and documentary The Cleaners. The author asks about the ways of the existence of a digital image that has been removed from the web, raises the issue of its non-presence, and also reflects on the place of power and supervision in the ontology of digital visuality.
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Keywords: organisational culture; discovering; transmitting; changing;
The intent of this article starts with the question: how to discover the culture of an organization. The elements of this culture are composed of human behaviors, values, symbols, myths, heroes. The organisational culture remains a long term phenomenon which can be modified but this modification is produced due to a slow evolution and not to sudden changes. The types of behaviours are assimilated by individuals.
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