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ETHOS OF THE PREMODERN WORLD AND THE ETHICS OF ENLIGHTENMENT

ETHOS OF THE PREMODERN WORLD AND THE ETHICS OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Author(s): Jasminka Babić-Avdispahić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/1997

A figure of a moral sceptic has been present throughout centuries long history of the philosophy of moral. A sceptic has appeared or is still appearing either in the character of ethicist itself or, more often, in the character of a person who tortures the ethicist and with whom the ethicist, explicitly or implicitly, settles account with its own theory. The moral sceptic does not have to be irrationalist although it has most often been one. He can even acknowledge a cognitive character of moral values, as the most recent forms of moral scepticism show. Nevertheless, an assertion that moral statements are false may not appear to be less discouraging to a common and interested reader of ethics books from the one which claims that they express our decisions or attitudes.

Thinking About End of Life in Teleological Terms

Thinking About End of Life in Teleological Terms

Author(s): Paolo Biondi,Rachel Haliburton / Language(s): English / Issue: 45/2015

Keywords: bioethics; Aristotelian; fundamentalist; end of life; telos; eudaimonia; death; illness; suffering ; virtue

This brief paper presents an Aristotelian-inspired approach to end-of-life decision making. The account focuses on the importance of teleology, in particular, the telos of eudaimonia understood as the goal of human flourishing as well as the telos of medicine when a person’s eudaimonia is threatened by serious illness and death. We argue that an Aristotelian bioethics offers a better alternative to a “fundamentalist bioethics” since the telos of eudaimonia (i) offers a more realistic conception of the self and the realities of frailty and mortality, (ii) provides a more objective basis for making decisions regarding end-of-life treatment and care, and (iii) is better able to resist the pull of the Technological Imperative. In addition, this teleological concept is flexible enough for it to be employed in multicultural and pluralistic societies.

The principle of Availability in the sense of the New Code of Civil Procedure

Principiul disponibilităţii în accepţiunea Noului Cod de Procedură Civilă

Author(s): Ovidiu Neicuţescu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: New Code of Civil Procedure; availability; principle of availability; removing the principle of availability

Availability is a specific principle civil trial. Through the availability, civil process customizes the criminal proceedings, the latter being governed by the officialdom. Through this study we intend to analyze and present a view on how to customize the process by which civilian criminal trial.

BOOK REVIEW Jürgen Habermas, The crisis of the European Union: a Response

BOOK REVIEW Jürgen Habermas, The crisis of the European Union: a Response

Author(s): Lucian-Dumitru DÎRDALĂ / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: transnational democracy;Habermas;

During a lecture delivered in April 2013 at the University of Leuven, Jürgen Habermas deplored the fact that “[w]hat unite the European citizens today are the Eurosceptical mindsets that have become more pronounced in all of the member countries during the crisis” (Habermas, 2013). This is not the kind of unity that would satisfy a philosopher whose contributions to political theory have greatly contributed to the understanding of post-war European integration. As a social scientist and an influential public intellectual, Habermas felt it was his duty to respond to the current plight of the European Union. He has done it repeatedly, since the beginning of the financial crisis, and the most substantive effort was a book first published in his native Germany, and translated in English under the title The Crisis of the European Union. A Response.

USING E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY AS A SUPPORT FOR EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY

USING E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY AS A SUPPORT FOR EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY

Author(s): Dorel Badea,Ghiţă BÂRSAN,Dănuţ Moşteanu,Ioan Virca / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2017

Keywords: e-learning;critical infrastructure;education;competences;conceptual model;

Besides being a modern trend, e-learning technology is a necessity of the knowledge-based society in which learning, as an organizational subsequent process, as well as the educational activities have new characteristics, much closer to the needs of individuals, groups or organizations, public and private. The staff involved in the activities specific to critical infrastructure, having high operational and managerial responsibilities in a continuously changing social-technical environment primarily due to the evolution of the IT factor that unprecedentedly galvanizes the interdependencies in the critical infrastructure sectors, represent in this framework a distinct professional community, with very diverse formation needs throughout their life. Given the widely dispersed territorial disposition of the places where this category of personnel performs its daily activities, this paper’s authors argue that the educational approaches based on e-learning represent a vector of success in making more efficient some constraints such as time and the resources necessary for maintaining and upgrading certain necessary essential competences. Taking the best educational practice existing in this field as reference points, a conceptual model for the acquisition of knowledge in the field is drawn up and a case study regarding the current stage of e-learning technology is presented as it is used in one of the institutions traditionally organizing postgraduate courses devoted to the management of critical infrastructure protection. In accordance with the central theme of the conference, the general objective of the present scientific approach is to demonstrate the sustainability of the e-learning solution in the field and,implicitly, to disseminate the educational practice of the Land Forces Academy mainly to other institutions within the system of defence, public order and national security.

On The Pragmatics Of The Imperatives In Turkish

Türkçedeki Buyrum Tümcelerinin Edimbilimi Üzerine

Author(s): Arif Sariçoban,Murat Hişmanoğlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 123/2004

Keywords: Imperatives; Directives; Speech Act Theory; Relevance Theory; Grice’s Maxims; Discourse Functions of Imperatives; Discourse; Pragmatics;

This article aims at analyzing imperatives in Turkish within the framework of pragmatics. The concept of an imperative sentence is defined, Speech Act Theory, Relevance Theory, Grice’s maxims and Imperative Sentences Relations are expounded and various discourse functions related with imperative sentences are exemplified. That imperative sentences in Turkish do not always reflect a directive force is especially emphasized. In this context, that Speech Act Theory falls short in explaining the pragmatics of Turkish imperatives is claimed.

WHAT ARE STUDIA DIGITALIA?

WHAT ARE STUDIA DIGITALIA?

Author(s): Willard McCarty / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

More than half a century ago an American professor of English literature, Joseph Raben, founded Computers and the Humanities, the first journal in the field. In the first article of its first issue Louis Milic wrote with uncommon clarity of vision that,The true nature of the machine is unknown to us, but it is neither a human brain nor a mechanical clerk. The computer has a logic of its own, one which the scholar must master if he is to benefit from his relations with it. Its intelligence and ours must be made complementary, not antagonistic or subservient to each other…. The computer can be made an extension of man only if it opens avenues we have not suspected the existence of. (1966: 4)

PARTICULARITIES AND RULES REGARDING THE CONCLUSION OF AN INDIVIDUAL LABOUR AGREEMENT BY A MINOR, AS EMPLOYEE OR EMPLOYER

PARTICULARITIES AND RULES REGARDING THE CONCLUSION OF AN INDIVIDUAL LABOUR AGREEMENT BY A MINOR, AS EMPLOYEE OR EMPLOYER

Author(s): Olah Lavinia,Andreea Drăghici / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: child protection; employment; individual labour agreement; exploitation

The exploitation of the child and the abuses of any nature against him have represented a subject of debate for international organisms and organisations. In the wide area of the forms of exploitation, subjecting the child to labour is the most used one. This may have different forms: subjection to very difficult labours, the violation of the minimum age for employment or to obligation to perform activities violating the child’s right to dignity. Among the factors which determine this phenomenon we mention: poverty or the negative influence of the child’s legal representatives. Under such conditions, without prohibiting their right to labour, it has been considered as vital the adoption of national and international normative acts establishing certain limitations within which a child could perform a remunerated activity. The compliance with and recognition of these norms represents just another warranty for child protection against exploitation. First of all they aim the activities which can be performed by children based on labour relations, the establishment of the minimum age for employment, as well as the prohibition of forced labour

THE FUNDAMENT OF THE NOTION OF CONTRACT IN THE ROMANIAN LAW BEFORE AND AFTER THE RETURN TO THE LIBERAL MARKET ECONOMY

THE FUNDAMENT OF THE NOTION OF CONTRACT IN THE ROMANIAN LAW BEFORE AND AFTER THE RETURN TO THE LIBERAL MARKET ECONOMY

Author(s): Dumitru Văduva / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: freedom of will; contract; market economy; legislation

The principle of the freedom of action has no legislative mention, being more like an explicative theory. The wording „freedom of action” is explicative by its semantics. “Autonomy” represents the existence in and for itself, resulting that the freedom of action reveals the fundamental principle of the contract: it is created by the will, which is free, namely is independent from the law, being the one that generate rights and obligations, the law having the role to protect it. Having the position as founder of the contract, it is understood that the free will explains the other rules which organize the establishment and effects of the contract: the mutual consent, the suppletive feature of the civil legal norms, the interpretation of the will according to the inner will of the parties, resulted from their common intentions; the mandatory force and relativity of the effects of the contracts. The principle of the freedom of will has been re-brought to debate starting with the second decade of the 20th century, considering that its application created the environment for exploitation based on the contract from the person found in an economic superiority in relation to the one found in inferiority. This theory was in conformity with the new social philosophy of the mentioned era, when the ideas of socialism were increasingly influent including among lawyers. The first legislative measures which seemed, at that time, a serious violation of the fundamental principles of the contract: the freedom of will and its corollary, the principles of the freedom of contract, but were in consensus with the legal principles of contractual justice, acclaimed also by the social theorists, for the protection of the weak, were: redefining the employment contracts, this rethinking leading to the composition of a new branch of law, labor law; and the imposition of a protective legislation for tenants, under the conditions in which because of the lack of housing, the owners had their own law of lease contracts, thus breaking the contractual balance. Today, in our national legislation, under the influence of the European Community and then of the European Union, the legislation in the area of the private law expands towards the area of the norms of public order and morals, existing in the legislation prior to 1990, but which was limited to a classic public area of good morals, the one of the imperative rules of organization for family and state. Under these new circumstances of the proliferation of the area of the public and good morals norms, we consider that the principle of the freedom of will is fundamental in explaining the foundation of the contract.

ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE COMPANY

ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE COMPANY

Author(s): Rita Toader,Cezar Toader,Diana Cezara Toader / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: three system; management; informatics; analysis; decision

In this paper we presented the decision-making system and the factors of influence of the company, analysis of the decisions according to the qualitative parameters, the information system of the company, the analysis of the flow of data, information, and the circuits of information, the procedures and the means of information-handling designed to contribute to the establishment and the achievement of the objectives of the organization, the human resource analysis according to the graduated studies, the human resource fluctuation. We analysed the systems, the methods and techniques used in the design and the exercise of their functions and managerial relations the methodological norms on the system of the Eaton SC Electro Production.

OBJECT OF THE CONTRACT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CURRENT CIVIL CODE

OBJECT OF THE CONTRACT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CURRENT CIVIL CODE

Author(s): Raluca Antoanetta Tomescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Contract; Object of the contract; Object of the obligations

An indispensable element of social relations, primarily the contract governs our existence. Virtually anything in our lives is governed by contracts. Any move we make, school, work performed, marriage, holidays, a house or a new car, will lead to the acceptance of a contract, or are a consequence of their existence. In the light of the codifications set forth in the current Civil Code, which regularly follows the modern proposals for contract rules, the legislator gives us a clear perspective on its essential conditions of validity. Thus, along with the ability to contract and the consent of the parties, as essential conditions of validity of the contract, the cause and object of the contract also arise. The purpose of this study is therefore to reflect upon the meaning of some terms such as "the object of the contract", "the object of the obligation" or "the object of the benefit" in agreement with the regulations contained in the current Civil Code, especially because in practice but sometimes also in legal doctrine, sufficient attention is not given to the legal sense of each of them, the current rule bringing clarifying regulations.

ANGELIQUE: AN ANGEL IN DISTRESS, MORALITY IN CRISIS

ANGELIQUE: AN ANGEL IN DISTRESS, MORALITY IN CRISIS

Author(s): Necip Fikri Alican / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: friendship; Humanism; moral theory; virtue ethics; ontology of value

Michael H. Mitias argues that friendship is a central moral value constituting an integral part of the good life and therefore deserving a prominent place in ethical theory. He consequently calls upon ethicists to make immediate and decisive adjustments toward accommodating what he regards as a neglected organic relationship between friendship and morality. This is not a fanciful amendment to our standard conception of morality but a radical proposal grounded in a unifying vision to recapture the right way of doing ethics. While the assessment is compelling, and the plea well-placed, neither has been fully understood in the scholarly reception of Mitias. This paper clarifies both. What sets it apart from other reactions to Mitias is a holistic approach drawing on literary considerations as well as philosophical ones. The combined aim is to demonstrate that Mitias is not seeking simply to restore friendship to its rightful place in normative ethical theory, which is indeed the full extent of his formal mission, but that he is seeking to do so specifically within virtue ethics. This interpretation rests on a broad engagement with Mitias’s publications beyond the recent treatise often taken understandably yet erroneously to be his only work on the subject.

Measurability of Social Development Reflections on the Applicability of Social Progress Indices with Reference to Brexit

Measurability of Social Development Reflections on the Applicability of Social Progress Indices with Reference to Brexit

Author(s): János Ivanyos,Éva Sándor-Kriszt / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2016

Keywords: economic development; purchasing power parity; GDP; Social Progress Index; country-level comparison; EU regional policy;

The question is how the global and local economic actors’ innovation-based local social and environmental objectives and results can modify the social cohesion strategies, how the disparities in economic and social development can be measured and evaluated at regional level in addition to a comparison across countries. We have seen that any one indicator in itself is not enough since it does not provide sufficient explanation for either the development disparities or their reasons. Anyway, in addition to GDP per capita, it is worth applying – and it is important to apply – such indicators as SPI and Well-Being, and various indices of social progress.

Alex Broom and Katherine Kenny’s Survivorship: A Sociology of Cancer in Everyday Life

Alex Broom and Katherine Kenny’s Survivorship: A Sociology of Cancer in Everyday Life

Author(s): Ágnes Sántha / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: agency;illness perception;cancer;sociology of health; survivorship;normative expectations;

Broom, A., & Kenny, K. (2021). Survivorship: A sociology of cancer in everyday life. Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.

Luca Riccardi, Yalta. I tre Grandi e la costruzione di un nuovo sistema internazionale

Luca Riccardi, Yalta. I tre Grandi e la costruzione di un nuovo sistema internazionale

Author(s): Bogdan Živković / Language(s): English / Issue: 52/2021

Complications (Complexity) between Normative and Descriptive: A challenge for Clarity

Complications (Complexity) between Normative and Descriptive: A challenge for Clarity

Author(s): Florian Çullhaj / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: normative; descriptive; interdisciplinary heuristic studies; social science

This article will address descriptive and normative concepts vis-à-vis their inferential value and epistemic evolution within the social sciences. The analysis focuses mainly on the normative concept, which arises in the intersection between various disciplines of the social sciences, blending within itself a dialectic between the subjective and the objective, between the individual and the social. The descriptive concept – which acts as a link between logos qua language and the empirical reality – will have less elaborated analysis. The article’s purpose is convenient for readers acquainted with the field in question as well as those for whom the topic is less known. Indeed, the article is intended to address the above concepts from the point of view of the political scholar. However, during the research process, it was considered appropriate that these conceptions have an interdisciplinary heuristic reflection in order to be of value and interest to scholars of political science, philosophy, and law. As a first step, we will present in classical form the meaning and explanation of the concepts in question, based on linguistic and philosophical dictionaries. The article also focuses on the solid definition given to the concept of normativity – understood in legal terms – by Hans Kelsen through his idea of a Base Norm (Grundnorm) and his critique of Max Weber’s sociological conception of norms. Secondly, we will outline the dichotomy between the concepts of “is” and “ought” – the former analyzed by Kant as a hypothetical imperative, as a determinant of goals and actions based on desires and, the latter considered as a categorical imperative, as a normative determinant based on reason. Another dimension of normativity is seen from the perspective of analytical jurisprudence, the dialectic created between formalists and anti-formalists in the treatment of morality, both in subjective and social terms. Finally, the emphasis will be placed on normativity in politics and in spoken language, dimensions that define the normative approach.

Medicinische Policey in den habsburgischen Ländern der Sattelzeit: Ein Beitrag zu einer Kulturgeschichte der Verwaltung von Gesundheit und Krankheit

Medicinische Policey in den habsburgischen Ländern der Sattelzeit: Ein Beitrag zu einer Kulturgeschichte der Verwaltung von Gesundheit und Krankheit

Author(s): Janka Kovács / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Medicinische Policey in den habsburgischen Ländern der Sattelzeit: Ein Beitrag zu einer Kulturgeschichte der Verwaltung von Gesundheit und Krankheit. By Lukas Lang. Vienna: LIT Verlag, 2021. pp. 336.

TURNING POINTS IN LABOR RELATIONS IN ROMANIA. REINTRODUCTION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF NEGOTIATING THE COLLECTIVE LABOR AGREEMENT AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

TURNING POINTS IN LABOR RELATIONS IN ROMANIA. REINTRODUCTION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF NEGOTIATING THE COLLECTIVE LABOR AGREEMENT AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

Author(s): Dan Ţop / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: the national collective labor contract; social dialogue; collective negociations;

The reappearance of the possibility of a collective labor agreement at national level, now expressly regulated in the new law, is one of the most surprising changes of Law no. 367/2022 on social dialogue. In the content of the collective labor contract at the national level, however, it will not be possible to find clauses regarding the level of the guaranteed minimum wage in payment. We can expect in the coming years the conclusion, once again, of a national collective labor contract.

SOCIAL AND LEGAL NORMATIVISM CODING REQUIREMENTS

SOCIAL AND LEGAL NORMATIVISM CODING REQUIREMENTS

Author(s): Marius Andreescu,Andra Nicoleta Puran / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Social fact; Social norms; Legal norms; Autonomy of the legal; Codification of legal norms;

The most striking expression of the social fact is the social norm. Man's social existence cannot be conceived without norms, mainly moral, religious and legal, that regulate and even determine the behavior of the human person in the social environment. The existence of any individual as a social being presupposes a series of obligations exercised throughout his life cycle, materialized in a series of norms, some of which complement each other, others appear contradictory to others, being specific to different interest groups. This system of rules is a condition for the existence of society's life, a mechanism that requires good management of human relations and removes the imminent danger of chaos. Social norms are imposed, promoted and perpetuated by several methods that we will analyze in our study Regardless of the field they regulate, social norms contain rules addressed to individuals, describing and detailing the ways in which values must be translated into legitimate behaviors and accepted by society. As social relations are extremely varied, a diversity of social norms that regulate these relations is also outlined. Thus, the system of social norms consists of the following groups: ethical norms, ordinary norms (customs), corporate norms, religious norms and legal norms. There are also technical norms that are not part of social determinism because they do not regulate social relations. Regarding the complex relationship between the normative legal system and, on the other hand, society, it can be seen that currently the legal system tends to have its own functional autonomy, apart from the objective or subjective determinations that society transmits. The autonomy of the judiciary tries to transform itself from a secondary, phenomenological and ideational structure, into one with its own reality, with the power to impose its order on the social and natural order. In this study we also analyze aspects of the work of normative codification.