Search results for: imperative in All Content

Expression of Interpersonal Meaning in Conversation

Expression of Interpersonal Meaning in Conversation

Author(s): Dalia Masaitienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2009

Keywords: functional systemic approach; everyday conversation; interpersonal meaning; modality, ellipsis.

The present article analyses everyday conversation within the framework of functional systemic approach. The aim of the article is to look at different linguistic means which help to establish relationship between speakers in everyday communication. The study attempts to show that the discursive reality of conversation and the roles people implicitly take upon themselves even when talking with their equals can be reflected through grammatical and lexical choices they consciously or unconsciously make during communication. Two recorded and transcribed naturally occurring conversations are analysed. The conversations were recorded in the US and take place between co-workers during lunch breaks. Each conversation involves two speakers. The participants are both males and females and are comparable in their education. Yet the main difference between them is the age factor (one male participant is 8 years older than his female interlocutor). The analysis has shown that the linguistic choices made by the speakers demonstrate equality of status and solidarity in the second conversation (where both speakers are of the same age) and some lack of reciprocity and distance in the first one (where the older male speakers dominates the conversation while the younger participant plays a more supporting role). A conclusion could be made that the decisive factor in this asymmetry in talk is the age factor since other factors – education and social status at work – are equal.

ASSESSING THE RECEPTION OF VERBAL CATEGORIES IN ROMANIAN LANGUAGE

ASSESSING THE RECEPTION OF VERBAL CATEGORIES IN ROMANIAN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Carolina Haţegan Bodea / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2009

Keywords: morphemes; verbal categories; receptive language; mood; time; voice; comprehension.

Through this research, it is emphasized the way verbal categories specific for Romanian language can be assessed in order to establish their role in developing morphologic competence. Thus, in this respect it was developed a research through which it is proven the significant relationship, from a statistical point of view, between the abilities for reception and comprehension of verbal categories (time, mood, voice) and those for reception and comprehension of flexional grammatical aspects specific for Romanian language. The assumed perspective combines linguistic and psycho-pedagogical approaches in order to create the premises for projecting appropriate and functional intervention programs at morphologic language level.

Auctorial Intention, Didascalia and Director`s Indications

AUCTORIAL INTENTION, DIDASCALIA AND DIRECTOR`S INDICATIONS

Author(s): Attila Béres / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2009

Keywords: Director`s indication; didascalia; main text; secondary; paratext

The Czech’s Communist Past as a Moral and Political Problem

The Czech’s Communist Past as a Moral and Political Problem

Author(s): Jiří Suk / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

In this day and age, almost everyone would agree that differentiating between communists and non-communists, separating “good” from “evil,” is more than 40 years foolish and impossible. But twenty years ago this consensus did not exist. How did a relatively strong sentiment of anticommunism break out in Czech society in early 1990?

Consequences resulted from establishing the written form ad validitatem of the individual labor contract

Consecinţele rezultate din instituirea formei scrise ad validitatem a contractului individual de muncă

Author(s): Olimpia Monica Matias / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2011

Keywords: form; written; as a condition of validity; invalidity

Recently, with the amendments brought to the Labor Code by the Law no. 40/2011, the written form of the individual labor contract became a condition of validity (ad validitatem). The actual and imperative dispositions of art. 16 of the Labor Code establishes the written form of the individual labor contract as a condition of validity in the Romanian labor right. This form is imposed for any type of individual labor contract in as far as the text pointed does not operate any distinction. The non-observance of written form when concluding the individual labor contract is sanctioned with absolute invalidity of the convention, sanction that can be covered by the parties by the subsequent fulfillment of this condition. The parties have the possibility to determine the invalidity occurred, but to also establish its effect according to the law. In case the parties do not agree upon the invalidity of the contract, this invalidity can be determined by the decision of the competent court. The fact of determining, respectively the declaration of invalidity produces effect to the future only. Whereas the non-observance of written form affects the entire contract means a total invalidity, which determines the termination by law of the contract according to art. 56 paragraph 1 letter e of the Labor Code if not validated by the parties. Art. 57 paragraph 5 of the Labor Code does not regulate in detail the effects of invalidity, it points only that “the person who worked pursuant to an invalid individual labor contract has the right for remuneration according to the method of fulfilling the labor tasks”, thus it does not operate retroactively. The regulation of the individual labor contract in this manner attenuates the impact of this imperative requirement.

The History of the Romanian Civil Codes Evolution

Istoria evoluţiei codurilor civile româneşti

Author(s): Petru Tarchila / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2012

Keywords: the civil code; the civil procedure code; the criminal code; the criminal procedure code; the commercial code etc.

In this paper,we are debating the problem of the relathionship between the Romanian civil juristic law and the european civil juristic law.With the abolition of the Turkish-Phanariot regime from the two countries, Moldova and Wallachia, starting in 1821, and the attraction of those in Pan-European spheres of interest, through the initial mediation of Russia and then determining one of France, qualitative changes will appear in the legal area, materialized through codifying the rules of law, including the civil law. This activity will take place in several distinct phases, depending on the reasons which have determined the development and adoption of codes, and their existence, the entry into force and implementation took place successively.

Jakub Mácha: Wittgenstein on Internal and External Relations: Tracing all the Connections

Jakub Mácha: Wittgenstein on Internal and External Relations: Tracing all the Connections

Author(s): Lenka Cibuľová / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Review of: Jakub Mácha: Wittgenstein on Internal and External Relations: Tracing all the Connections Bloomsbury, 2015, 262 pages

RANGE LIMITS OF THE COMPETITION WILL TRADE

RANGE LIMITS OF THE COMPETITION WILL TRADE

Author(s): Mihaela Cristina Paul / Language(s): English / Issue: VI/2012

Keywords: autonomy of the will; the principle of free competition;

Basis and nature of the role will are still debated.Free trade has suffered along with the development of economic activities. Commercial activity is characterized by dynamism and complexity. Practice often led to the creation of new legal structures that satisfy its requirements.In commercial autonomy will have the full manifestation land unnamed contracts which may subsequently become due to coding called.Although the theory of personal autonomy could impose an absolute contractual liberality this has not happened and that he brought limitations at all times.

Robert T. TALLY JR., Topophrenia. Place, Narrative and Spatial Imagination, Indiana University Press, 2019

Robert T. TALLY JR., Topophrenia. Place, Narrative and Spatial Imagination, Indiana University Press, 2019

Author(s): Victor Cobuz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Axiologicals premises in evaluating innovative educational paradigms. A philosophical approach

Axiologicals premises in evaluating innovative educational paradigms. A philosophical approach

Author(s): Anca Florea / Language(s): English / Issue: LIX, 2/2020

Keywords: axiology; educational paradigms; reflection; reflexivity;

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the recent tendencies in analysing the axiological grounds of educational paradigms, inspired by the historical, ideological and social context of post modernity. My aim is to explore the particularities of a certain type of reflexivity targeted by educational paradigms, determining the expectancies that experts have on orienting education towards autonomous behaviours, quality, creativity. I will explain larger European coordinates and specific, Romanian cultural implications of educational paradigms developed under the edge of postmodernity, emphasizing the urgency to embody constructivist approaches (from social and epistemic standpoints) in educational trends. An important contribution of my research is represented by the study of two core-concepts – reflection and reflexivity – as axiological coordinates of educational paradigms, for which reflection is understood as the process of mental construction of interpretations, whereas reflexivity depicts a metacognitive process of analysing and contrasting such interpretations.

THE PARTICIPATION OF THE MEDICAL MALPRACTICE INSURER IN THE ROMANIAN CIVIL PROCESS

THE PARTICIPATION OF THE MEDICAL MALPRACTICE INSURER IN THE ROMANIAN CIVIL PROCESS

Author(s): Ximena Moldovan / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

Keywords: assured; medical insurer; medical malpractice; civil process;

The medical and the legal fields are sciences between which the causal relationship can sometimes be difficult to identify for lay people. In a context in which globalization is a phenomenon, the populations are aging, in addition the difficulties created by the pandemic period, so the medical services are increasing exponentially compared to these conditions, therefore the medical staff is facing more and more situations in which medical malpractice is invoked. Incuring the medical liability of the doctor and of the employing unit is justified by the regulation in the Romanian Constitution of the right to health, but, equally, they must be offered professional independence through the compulsory insurance of professional medical malpractice, also meant to protect the patient.

TENSE/ASPECT MARKING IN ARABIC-BASED PIDGINS

TENSE/ASPECT MARKING IN ARABIC-BASED PIDGINS

Author(s): Wafi Fhaid Alshammari / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2021

Keywords: Arabic-based pidgins; Tense; Aspect; Lexical markers;

The earliest stages of pidgin formation show a preference for analytic and morphologically reduced grammatical constructions relative to their lexifier or substrate languages, where the apparent morphological marking, if found, seems to be fossilized. Structural relations, therefore, are mostly expressed externally. Tense/aspect categories are marked through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context. Creole languages, however, are said to develop such categories through grammaticalization. This study examines tense/aspect marking in five Arabic-based pidgins: Juba Arabic, Turku Pidgin, Pidgin Madame, Romanian Pidgin Arabic, and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. Using Siegel's (2008) scale of morphological simplicity, from lexicality to grammaticality, this study concludes that tense/aspect marking is expressed lexically through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context in the earliest stages of Arabic-based pidgins, which only later—in stabilized pidgins—develops into grammaticalized markers when certain criteria are met.

Znoj Milan - Bíba Jan - Vargovčíková Jana: Demokracie v postliberální konstelaci. (Democracy in the post-liberal condition)

Znoj Milan - Bíba Jan - Vargovčíková Jana: Demokracie v postliberální konstelaci. (Democracy in the post-liberal condition)

Author(s): Lenka Thérová / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2015

Review of: Znoj Milan - Bíba Jan - Vargovčíková Jana: Demokracie v postliberální konstelaci. (Democracy in the post-liberal condition) Praha: Karolinum: 2015. 242 pages. ISBN: 978-80-246-2878-3

The Ambiguity of Kant's Concept of the Visible Church

The Ambiguity of Kant's Concept of the Visible Church

Author(s): Gordon Jr. Michalson / Language(s): English / Issue: 65/2020

Keywords: Kant; religion; ethical community; God kingdom of ends secularization

This paper explores the implications of Manfred Kuehn’s observation that Kant’s claim in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason that the ethical community must be a community under God seems “a bit strained.” After clarifying Kant’s train of thought that results in his conception of the ethical community in the form of the “visible church,” the paper argues that the seemingly strong religious dimension may be misleading. If we understand the ethical community to be the development of the kingdom of ends in the Groundwork , it becomes apparent that Kant’s notion of God’s “sovereignty” over the ethical community is a shared sovereignty lodged in rationality and not in God’s own will. The “strain” that Kuehn senses thus suggests the potentially gratuitous nature of Kant’s references to God’s sovereignty over the ethical community. Despite the initial appearances, Kant’s account of the ethical community in the form of the visible church is, over the long term, closer to a secularizing move than to a robustly religious one.

Introduction for Special ISSUE COVID-19 and the Resilience of Higher Education Institutions

Introduction for Special ISSUE COVID-19 and the Resilience of Higher Education Institutions

Author(s): / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a process of reshaping the activities of higher education institutions (HEIs) took place, more abruptly in what concerns the first pillar of the universities (teaching), and more gradually in what concerns their second one (research) and the third stream activities. Regardless of the mission, in the first months of the pandemic the emphasis was on emergency and crisis management and, later on, the attention shifted to quality management and improvement (Cirlan and Loukkola, 2021). The issue of quality in any academic domain was quickly becoming an imperative, right after ensuring safety in academic activities and administrative organization of activities. Scholars, for example, operate a conceptual difference between the emergency remote education from spring 2020 and online learning, urging to see the first as “a quick and temporary response to a crisis, whereas the latter is planned and grounded in theoretical and practical knowledge specific to the field” (Bozkurt et al., 2020, p. 2). If specialists can see, retroactively, essential differences between the two – at the conceptual level, in higher education institutions, as everywhere, probably, in educational institutions, the transition from the first form to the second has been almost unnoticed to some, under pressure from pandemic restrictions.

Figures of public orientation – persuasion mechanism in the discourse of bank advertising leaflets

FIGURI ALE ORIENTĂRII CĂTRE PUBLIC – MECANISM DE PERSUADARE ÎN DISCURSUL DIN PLIANTELE PUBLICITARE BANCARE

Author(s): Elena-Tatiana HUŢU (DÂLCU-NĂSTASE) / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 43/2020

Keywords: persuasion; advertising; speech; script;

The present study proposes a brief analysis of some elements specific to persuasion that are found in the bank advertising leaflets discourse (topic changed), elements that are validated as figures of public orientation in literature. Our analysis started from the existing theoretical concepts in the literature, we identified some of these figures in the discourse of bank advertising leaflets and we analyzed their occurrence in the persuasive discourse present in the leaflets.

ETHIC OR REVELATION/PRESENCE OF LOVE: HOW CAN WE LOVE AS CHRIST LOVED? Confusion about Definition of Love

ETHIC OR REVELATION/PRESENCE OF LOVE: HOW CAN WE LOVE AS CHRIST LOVED? Confusion about Definition of Love

Author(s): Aleksandar S. Santrač / Language(s): English / Issue: 30/2018

About the Evaluations of the Environmental Protection Activities’ Effectiveness

About the Evaluations of the Environmental Protection Activities’ Effectiveness

Author(s): Michail As. Michailov / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: water;environmental protection;anthropogenic impacts;effectiveness assessments;watercourses;expenditures;costs

A few contemporary examples can be found in various publications to provoke a more profound reflection on the assessment of environmental action. Whatever methodology is used to determine the importance of all types of environmental activities and assess their effectiveness, specific approaches must be adopted. It is crucial to understand that “environmental activities” are not just an appendage to the science of “ecology.” They also represent a specific period in the development of the world, in the second part of the 20th century, during which specific assessments of the effectiveness of human activities are necessarily provided. The science of ecology usually deals with such concepts as biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors. They should account for the specific conditions, impacts, and effects on ecosystems. However, such concepts are also used in other disciplines, which have interests in this field. Therefore, the material in this article will address some critical issues connected to the assessment of the effectiveness of environmental actions.

Transformation of the energy sector, environmental factors and national security in Poland: highlights from the Krynica Forum ’22, Krynica-Zdrój, 19–21 October 2022

Transformation of the energy sector, environmental factors and national security in Poland: highlights from the Krynica Forum ’22, Krynica-Zdrój, 19–21 October 2022

Author(s): Krzysztof Waśniewski,Anna Bałamut / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Fake News and the Ethical Way: A Transdisciplinary Approach

Fake News and the Ethical Way: A Transdisciplinary Approach

Author(s): Sergiu Bortoș,Adrian Hagiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Fake news; Ethical approach; Ethics; The ethical way; Responsibility;

This study explores the application of ethics in preventing and combating fake news by proposing a so-called ethical way, which can be understood as a set of standards and principles by which different agents act and make decisions so that they are morally right and just. Thus, starting from a distinction structured on several levels (individual, societal, organisational, technological and normative), we have exposed the situations in which the ethical way could combat the fake news phenomenon. By promoting a set of ethical solutions, we can also discuss the implications of the present study, which can be foreseen among the actions that can contribute to the prevention of the fake news phenomenon and to the creation of a cultural and public climate that encourages truth and accuracy, at any of the levels discussed