Search results for: imperative in All Content

An Approach to Structural Analysis of Programs

An Approach to Structural Analysis of Programs

Author(s): Boyko Bantchev / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: computation; program structure; structural analysis;

The structure of computer programs is usually analyzed in the context of a particular programming language and the respective programming paradigm. We propose that a general, language-independent understanding of structure be used instead, based on concepts most fundamental to computation. Several such concepts, along with a set of properties and relations of structural nature are considered.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE U.N.O. CHARTER

THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE U.N.O. CHARTER

Author(s): Niemesch Mihail / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2016

Keywords: principles; the separation of state powers; human rights

Certainly the principles of law are in relationship with human nature and they reflect the ideal of justice of the communities of people according to the social values that burden each and every society individually, and the thinkers of Ancient Greece thought it appropriate that law and implicitly, the general principles of law, existed since before the state did, being valued above it. The principles expressed by the UNO Charter, have a jus cogens character, meaning man cannot depart from them due to the fact that their juridical value is imperative. The UNO Charter also defends and promotes the rule of law, a fundamental cornerstone of democracy.

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROVISIONS OF THE APPLICABLE COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT AND THE INDIVIDUAL LABOR CONTRACT

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROVISIONS OF THE APPLICABLE COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT AND THE INDIVIDUAL LABOR CONTRACT

Author(s): Ana Vidat / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2015

Keywords: collective labor agreement; individual employment contract; legislation; contractual clauses; addendum.

It is inconceivable that a contract executed by definition in time, could remain in all respects, in its original form in which the parties have concluded (in writing). Flexicurity requirements during the execution of the individual labour contract is not, in reality, only a requirement of the legislature - which translates options employer organizations - it is an objective necessity determined that occur after the conclusion of the contract a number of circumstances, situations, goals or subjective, requiring modification of.

SIMPLIFYING AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF LOCAL COLLECTIVITIES LAW IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDAVIA

SIMPLIFICAREA ȘI SISTEMATIZAREA LEGII COLECTIVITĂȚILOR LOCALE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA

Author(s): Maria Orlov,Natalia Saitarli / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: codification; systematization; local authorities; l egal framework; legislative inflation.

Simplifying and systematization of the national legal system is the task of maximum actuality of the European Community states. Legislative inflation, which occurred as a result of excessive elaboration of legal regulations from the last decades, makes it difficult to know and to apply correctly the rules of law compared with the social relationships, which are permanent changing.In the last two decades, the local government of Moldova has undergone multiple reforms (structural and functional) and, to achieve them have been adopted numerous laws.The quality of local governance, however, has not increased. The new legal regulations were adopted without a good correlation with existing ones, and sometimes their provisions overlap or exclude each other. Moreover, today this area is covered by dozens of laws and other regulations.In this context, we believe, a way of improving the quality of local governance could be to simplify and systematize the entire normative framework, which governs the organization and functioning of local authorities, in one Code.In this paper we will argue for such systematization, and, basing on the experience of other states, we will demonstrate the advantage of codification of local law in our country.

BUSINESS ETHICS

BUSINESS ETHICS

Author(s): Nelu Burcea,Ion Croitoru / Language(s): English / Issue: 06/2014

Keywords: Ethics; morality; fundamental human values; business; management; religion; loyalty; integrity;

Through this study we seek to explore the concept of business ethics, in those aspects that we consider to be essential and concrete. We started from a few questions: Could the two concepts be compatible? If not, why not? If yes, could they be complementary? How real is the use of ethics in the profits of a business? How can be business ethics be exemplified and what principles are essential in doing business? How does the business environment react to the concept? These are some of the elements that will form the basis of this scientific study. Lately, business ethics has been becoming an increasingly popular topic. Set against the global economic crisis, the companies’ credibility could become a major concern. Business ethics also becomes a challenge for training and informing employees and employers, in order to make not only economical, but also ethical decisions regarding their profits. In the study we shall also address the ethical standards required in a business world interested in fundamental values that can make the difference in 21st century business. Also, according to a study conducted by the authors, we shall address the two most important ethical values that prove to be essential to a business.

Secret vs. Open in Open Source Intelligence

Secret vs. Open in Open Source Intelligence

Author(s): Raluca Codruţa Luţai,Claudia Anamaria Iov / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2016

Keywords: Intelligence; Open Source Intelligence; Open; Secret

This paper focuses on the concept of Open Source Intelligence and theeffects that openness and the increasing use of open sources has on the management ofclassified information. Without claims of completeness, the paper discusses the issue of openinformation vs. closed (classified) information in a moment of change for the intelligencecommunity.

The Individual Rights and the State

The Individual Rights and the State

Author(s): Constantin Cezar Tită,Violeta Dana Tită / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2017

Keywords: individual rights; fundamental rights; state; terrorism; private life

The concept of man’s individual rights appeared a long time ago as a means of the individual’s protection in relationship with the others. Living in a society, man interacts with other people, and these relations are regulated by certain rules. Once the state was formed, these rules become increasingly powerful while the concept of freedom is differently acknowledged. What actually lay at the basis of individual rights’ development was the concept of natural right which appeared in ancient Greece, and which can be traced throughout history like Ariadne’s thread, guiding different thought schools. Human’s fundamental rights are sanctioned only after being put down in the constitutions of different states, and once regional and international protection instruments are created. Nevertheless, in countries controlled by totalitarian regimes, human rights were infringed, the individual having to obey the collective community. These regimes having collapsed, individual rights underwent a change for the better, but they also came to a standstill due to 9/11 or Ground Zero. After this event, and in the context of the fight against terrorism, individual freedom was limited in the name of freedom itself, and individual rights are currently regressing as to the possibility of being exercised.

UNIVERSAL PRESCRIPTIVISM AND CATEGORICAL IMPERATIV

UNIVERZALNI PRESKRIPTIVIZAM I KATEGORIČKI IMPERATIV

Author(s): Jasminka Babić-Avdispahić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03+04/1988

Keywords: Immanuel Kant; categorical imperative; R. M. Hare; ethics; prescriptivism; Universal precriptivism;

It seems that Harre's reference to Kant starts from the presupposition that categorical imperative is only a formal principle whose content is separable from it. If one takes the pattern of the natural law as adequate for interpretation of the fundamental pattern of categorical imperative, then it can be equated with Harre's principle of universibility. However, the pattern of autonomy is fundamental for the explication of categorical imperative because it points out the origin of categorical imperative, and the issue of the acquired universality. Also, it can be proved that the fundamental pattern of the categorical imperative is equivalent to the pattern of purposfullness, namely that the formal formulation of the categorical imperative cannot be separated from the content. On the other hand, since Kant took categorical imperative as a cryterion for moral evaluation of maxim of acting, the author reconsiders the possibility of utilitarian interpretation of Kant's test of universalism. If that could be possible then Harre's thesis on the synthesis of utilitarianism and dentic ethic would not be surprising but rather found in Kant's works. However, the categorical imperative cannot be equated with the argument of generalization (what would happen if everyone did that?) nor with the argument of the golden rule, because they examine only the legitimacy of action and Kant's test of universality on the other hand, refers to morality of maximes. Harre's utilitarian strategy, defined by an argument of the golden rule, aims for the general, but this generality is not Kantian,

The law applicable to the international agreement according to the Regulation EC 593/2008 of the European Parliament and Council on the law applicable to the contractual obligations (Rome I) and to the Inter-American Convention regarding the law appl

Legea aplicabilă contractului internațional potrivit Regulamentului CE nr. 593/2008 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului privind legea aplicabilă obligațiilor contractuale (Roma I) și Convenției interamericane privind dreptul aplicabil contrac

Author(s): Gabriel Grigore / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 03/2012

Keywords: international agreement; Applicable Law; Regulation EC 593/2008; CIDIP Convention.

The globalization phenomenon is inevitably leading to a development, without precedent, of the international trade, in general, and of the freight, a situation that emphasizes the current complex issue of defining the law applicable to the international contract of maritime freight, and also the enhancement of afforts for the elaboration of an uniform frame applicable to international trade contracts in general, by the specialized institutions – UNCITRAL, UNIDROIT, the Hague Conference on international private law; the existence of an uniform law proves to be the best solution in order to avoid difficult issues caused by the conflict of laws, process which is constantly developing without achieving the elaboration of an universal interstate convention, that could unify the conflict solutions applicable to all international trading contracts, and consequently, at least for the time being, the conflict of laws is not completely eliminated. From this perspective, the law applicable to the international charter party has been analyzed according to the European Committee Regulation no. 593/ 2008 of the Europea Parliament and Council regarding the law applicable on contractual obligations – Rome I, and according to the inter-American Convention on the law applicable on international contracts (CIDIP Convention).

Regulation of the negative prescription under the Civil Code (Law No. 287/2009) compared to the previous regulation

Statornicirea prescripției extinctive în Codul civil (Legea nr. 287/2009), comparativ cu reglementarea anterioară

Author(s): Carmen Tamara Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2012

Keywords: negative prescription; comparison between the current regulation (Law No. 287/2009 – the Civil Code in force since October 1st, 2011) and the previous one (Decree No. 167/1958 in force between 1958 a

In the study hereby, the author makes a comparative analysis of regulations covering negative prescription under the current Civil Code (Law No. 287/2009, republished on July 15th, 2011 and effective since October 1st, 2011) as compared to the previous legal regulations (in particular, Decree No. 167/1958 on negative prescription). At the end of this comparative analysis, the author concludes that the relevant regulation covering negative prescription is manifestly superior under the current Civil Code, as compared to Decree No. 167/1958.

THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CHINA: ON THE CHALLENGES OF THE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CHINA: ON THE CHALLENGES OF THE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

Author(s): Ana Gabriela Pantea / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: foreign policy; strategic partnership; global stability; national interests; security.

China and the EU are both skilful and pragmatic powers which shape their foreign policies in different manners, according to their principles. In the case of PRC, we can notice primordially domestic priorities like the need to sustain economic growth and to cover political legitimacy. In recent years, its foreign policy has been challenged by the need to manage the consequences of its own success, which have come as a response of new demands for securing global stability. The EU strategy states that the engagement with China will be “principled, practical and pragmatic”, staying true to its interests and values. As such, the present article discusses the challenges of EU-China partnership as it has to respond to the interferences of national, European and global interests.

THE DONATION IN THE NEW CIVIL CODE

THE DONATION IN THE NEW CIVIL CODE

Author(s): Viorica Popescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: inheritance; donation; the relation of donations; surviving spouse; descendents; deceased person; the new Civil Code

The relation of donation is one of the important institutions in the area of succession law. The reason for which the legislation inserted this institution in the Civil Code of 1864 and maintain it in the new Civil Code was determined by the idea that through the donations made for the spouse or descendents, it did not intended to advantage the grantee, but just to offer him an advance over the inheritance which that is due to him. This obligation does not have an imperative feature, because the grantee can save the grantee of the relation of donation, under the conditions stated by the law. The current paper aims to briefly analyze the provisions of the new Civil Code, emphasizing the novelties inserted by the legislator in this area.

Knowledge Based Society - Relevance and Impact on Educational Policies and School Organizations

Knowledge Based Society - Relevance and Impact on Educational Policies and School Organizations

Author(s): Simona Marin / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2010

Keywords: knowledge based society; educational policies; school organizations

The changes within the contemporary societies have conditioned concerns and efforts in order to reform and update the educational systems all around the world. This process of modernization has given rise to the apparition of various theories concerning the new educational policies aiming at quality education and offered different perspectives, policies and established programs for the change of the educational system. The extent to which the new educational policies will succeed to promote and apply the principles of the knowledge based society will be provided by the structure and the power of controlling the changes. From this perspective, the difficulties and the challenges encountered at the beginning of the century are given by the specificities of the educational organization, which, in comparison with other types of organizations, stems from the fact that it vested with the function to produce learning, and as a result it structures all its other organizational aspects in this direction.

SECOND APPEALS IN THE INTEREST OF THE LAW WITH INFLUENCE ON THE NOTARIAL ACTIVITY

SECOND APPEALS IN THE INTEREST OF THE LAW WITH INFLUENCE ON THE NOTARIAL ACTIVITY

Author(s): Manuela Tăbăraş / Language(s): English / Issue: X/2011

Keywords: sale of real estate from the dwellings class; penalties and interests; appeals in the interest of the law

This article is an effort to present, based on arguments, unitary answers that legal practice has given to various fundamental questions regarding issues of interest in the notarial field, such as the sale of real estate from the dwellings class, acquiring ownership through purchasing statute of limitation or the contractual accumulation of penalties and interests under certain contracts, analysing the second appeals in the interest of the law made in this field, according to which "the resolution of legal issues judged is mandatory..." not only for courts, but also for any litigant that may claim a right or an interest in this field.

Andrew MILLIE, ”Philosophical criminology”, Policy Press, University of Bristol, UK, 2017, p.153

Andrew MILLIE, ”Philosophical criminology”(Criminologia filozofică), Policy Press, Universitatea din Bristol, Marea Britanie, 2017, p.153

Author(s): Aura Preda / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2018

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF THE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF ROAD TRANSPORT

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF THE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF ROAD TRANSPORT

Author(s): Dorel Badea,Gabriel Mănescu,Florin Sabău / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2017

Keywords: critical infrastructure; road transport; security; management ;

The rethinking of the importance and managerial process of transport infrastructures has become more than a imperative today, the quantity of elaborations made at EU level especially in the domain of applied research being also an indicator in this respect. It can not be said that there is a trend of convergence of certain points of view on the issues specific to the critical road transport infrastructures, while at the same time displaying under the imperative of the emergence of increasingly more sophisticated cyber technologies and the need for complex interdisciplinary subjects to be clarified in the following period of time. In this framework, terms such as security, protection, governance and architectures are also brought to attention, and their complementary character is emphasized, the purpose being on focusing on advanced technologies that will provide robustness in researching viable solutions specific to this field of activity.

THE FEATURES OF A MOTIVATIONAL EXPRESSION IN CHINESE

CARACTERISTICILE EXPRESIEI MOTIVANTE DIN LIMBA CHINEZĂ

Author(s): Vitia Mereanu,Mara Mihaela Mereanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 02/2018

Keywords: motivational verb; intonation; tone; motivational expression;

The relevance of this topic for our times fact that there is determined by the insufficient debate on the issue of the expression of motivation in Chinese. Particularly, no detailed project has been drawn up on the usage of additional means of expressing motivation by using intonation in the proposals regarding the motivation.

A Socio-Pedagogical Approach to Interculturality

A Socio-Pedagogical Approach to Interculturality

Author(s): Oana Maria Ciuchi / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2017

Keywords: interculturality; pluriculturality; intercultural education.

This paper describes the need to address the phenomenon of interculturality from a socio- pedagogical perspective. Its main purpose is represented by intercultural education as phenomenon but also as subject of study in the study programs curricula. At the same time, some of the measures adopted in the Romanian field of education are presented in order to support the interculturality.

A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF “HOW TO BE AN OTHER WOMAN” BY LOORIE MOORE

A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF “HOW TO BE AN OTHER WOMAN” BY LOORIE MOORE

Author(s): Rana SAĞIROĞLU / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2017

Keywords: stylistics; American short story; Lorrie Moore; literature; linguistic;

Stylistic studies aim to move literary criticism beyond interpretation for literary texts. To reach this goal, it serves a wide range of linguistic data under stylistic categorizations to provide a scientific sight to text readings. Thus, it is clearly understood that the effort stylistics is to set forth that linguistics and literature are indivisible parts. Preparing concrete basements for literary criticism, stylistic studies reveal fingerprints of an author that makes the author unique and original. In this study, the short story “How to be an Other Woman” written by the contemporary American author Lorrie Moore is selected to be analysed from the stylistic point of view under the categorizations of lexical category, grammatical category, figures of speech and narration to go to show what makes Moore a remarkable short story author.

Does demonetization affect innovation? A study of cash heavy businesses in India: A Fantasy Pitch

Does demonetization affect innovation? A study of cash heavy businesses in India: A Fantasy Pitch

Author(s): Robin Carrick,William Tunny / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: Pitching research; template; reverse engineering; fantasy pitch; innovation; demonetisation

This paper outlines the use of Faff’s (2015, 2017) pitching research template to create a research pitch for a “fantasy” topic. The process of using each section in the template and the scholars’ views on the process is detailed and is followed by noting the key learning outcome of the exercise; having the freedom to choose a “fantasy” topic and working through the template from scratch led to the scholars gaining a deeper understanding of how to use the pitching research template for starting research.