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From Populism to Symbolism: Silver Age Discourse on the Nature of Russian Symbolism

From Populism to Symbolism: Silver Age Discourse on the Nature of Russian Symbolism

Author(s): Barbara Ann Brown / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: Dmitri Merezhkovskii; Zinaida Gippius; Russian Silver Age Culture; Russian Populism and Russian Symbolism

The goals of the Mir iskusstva were to bring about a renaissance of Russian literature and art, and to initiate a dialogue with the Russian Orthodox Church. Some members of Mir iskusstva were interested only in the artistic and literary endeavors of the Symbolist movement, while other members wanted to focus on the literary, artistic and religious aspects of the proposed renaissance. Ultimately, this paper will show that the monolithic title of Mir iskusstva or even the term "Silver Age" blankets significant divisions between two major threads of discourse. Sometimes these divisions intermeshed, but they are still distinctive from one another and should be defined and discussed within the larger context of Silver Age culture. Mir iskusstva contributed to Silver Age culture throughout Russia and Western Europe long after the journal shut down publication in 1904. This paper will seek to explain the emergence of the Mir iskusstva as an important forum for the Symbolist artists and writers after the 1898 closure of the journal Severnyj vestnik forced them to establish their own, "truly Symbolist" journal. A comparison between the two distinct lines of artistic pursuit deserves exploration and discussion. Each laid the foundation for what is currently thought of as "Silver Age Culture." This technical term encompasses a very compelling time in Russian culture and history, and its components should be defined and examined in current scholarship.

Book Reviews

Recenzii

Author(s): Sorin Cosma / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2012

Dumitru Megheşan, Rugăciunea lui Iisus, Editura Universităţii din Oradea, 2010

"Logos" and "Melpomena" in the Concept of Interpretation

"LOGOS" SI "MELPOMENA" ÎN CONCEPTUL DE INTERPRETARE

Author(s): Cristinela Olăreanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 06/2004

The Character of the Russian in Slovak War-Themed Literature

The Character of the Russian in Slovak War-Themed Literature

Author(s): Jana Kuzmíková / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2013

Keywords: War-Themed Literature; Russian Character

The image of the Russian and Russia in Slovak literature has not been a subject of scholarly analysis to date, even though the issue of Slovak-Russian relations has been under scrutiny by several scholars, most recently in the monograph Slovensko-ruské vzťahy a súvislosti [Slovak-Russian relations in context].2 The more specific topic of Russian literary influence on Slovak writing received intense attention in Slovak literary scholarship between the two world wars. The most significant expert in the field is Andrej Mráz (1904–1964), who continued his research into the 1950s.

Index

Indeks

Author(s): Peet Lepik / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 06/2007

Dangers of Present Times

Primejdiile prezentului

Author(s): Jorge Edwards / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 61/2007

Keywords: – “Lettre Internationale”; prize for journalism; Anna Politkovskaia; Cechnia; Lev Tolstoi; Orlando letelier; Carmen Soria; Pinochet; totalitarian regime; Chile; political assassination in Russia; Political assassination in Chile; Boris Pasternak; Russian

The death of Anna Politkovskaia reveals the fact that in Putin’s Russia the old totalitarian methods of eliminating the regime’s opponents are still used against journalists, free-lancers and businessmen who dared criticize the official politics, journalism, no matter how combative, has a very small influence on the government’s actions – an opinion voiced by Putin that is symptomatic for post-Soviet Russia

Review

Recenzie

Author(s): Sorin Cosma / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 06/2012

review of: DUMITRU MEGHEŞAN, Rugăciunea lui Iisus: mijloc terapeutic de purifi care a minţii, Editura Universităţii din Oradea, 2010, 277 p.

Cehov, Troyat`s character

Cehov, personajul lui Troyat

Author(s): Bogdan Ulmu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 09/2009

„When I’m reading Cehov, i’ve got the feeling that a very close friend is whispering me” : this is the confession of Henri Troyat which we have made it up too, almost identically more than twenty years ago, also in a book. Henri Troyat is forgeting nothing about the aspects of the life and writings of the great russian author: everything from childhood to the death of Cehov and everything from the literary failures to the glory. Troyat’s Cehov does have one merit: describes the very short life of the author like the existence of an Matusalem of arts, asking not only once, how did so many literary experiences, professional failures and sentimental in just forty-four years…

Ivan Turgenev’s Letters on Translation

Ivan Turgenev’s Letters on Translation

Author(s): Natalia Olshanskaya / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Ivan Turgenev’s surviving correspondence of more than seven thousand published letters which covers over fifty years may serve as yet more convincing evidence of close ties between literary translation and Russian attempts at cultural self-definition in the second half of the nineteenth century. It registers Turgenev’s opinion of various major contemporary literary events and in particular his views on the mechanisms of literary exchanges between Russia and Western Europe via translations. Directly or indirectly his letters reflect the attitudes towards the art of translation and the accepted criteria for evaluating translated literary work in Russia and in Western Europe in the second half of the 19th century. Viewed in a broad cultural context, Turgenev’s letters on translation not only emphasize the efforts of the nineteenth century Russian elite to promote the importance of an all-inclusive cultural model for Russia but also reflect a more nuanced understanding of the European response to Russian literature.

Readers' Maps/ Journal of the Crisis Years

Hărți de cititori/ Jurnal din anii crizei

Author(s): Pavel Gheo Radu,Robert Serban / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 02/2017

Only Crime and Punishment Survived! Adapting East European World Literature from Classics Illustrated to Russ Kick's The Graohic Canon

Only Crime and Punishment Survived! Adapting East European World Literature from Classics Illustrated to Russ Kick's The Graohic Canon

Author(s): Michel De Dobbeleer / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2016

Keywords: Crime and Punishment; European World literature;

Central in this article is the cultural phenomenon of adapting world literature into comics, two terms which both have proved to be hard to define. Since this has an impact on the way(s) in which they could ‘meet’, I first briefly define what I understand, in what follows, as comics and what as world literature.

SUICIDE- THE LAST HOPE OF THE HOPELESS MAN

SINUCIDEREA - ULTIMA SPERANȚĂ A OMULUI DEZNĂDĂJDUIT

Author(s): Claudia Pușcașu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: suicide; Anna Karenina; Dmitri Karamazov; desilusion; love; God

Suicide, the act of deliberately killing oneself, has been used in many important works of literature. Many scientists and doctors considered suicide as illness; basically people committed suicide when they were mentally ill. In literature suicide has been used to portray love, defiance, honor, despair. There are several themes about suicide such as: the survivor of suicide, murder followed by suicide, etc. In Antiquity suicide was considered the only way to redeem people from failure, to regain lost honor. Aristotle believed that „taking one’s own life to avoid poverty or desire or pain is unmanly… or rather cowardly”, but he accepted suicide under some circumstances. In the Bible the most widely known suicide is the one of Judas after his betrayal of Jesus. Suicide has become a common theme in literature and this paper focuses upon different situations that lead to suicide or attempts to suicide, also it emphasises the survivor of suicide and his feeling. Anna Karenina, Smerdeakov, Dmitri Karamazov, Julien Sorel, Dorian Gray came to a moment when they felt that committing suicide would solve all their problems or misunderstandings. Some of them were winners but some of them failed to live their life. Therefore, suicide was not a redemption from failure, it rather was the confirmation of weakness and failure.

Inspiration Process, From Beethoven To Tolstoy, From Tolstoy To Today: Kreutzer Sonata

Sanatta Esinlenme Süreçleri, Beethoven'dan Tolstoy'a Tolstoy'dan Günümüze: Kreutzer Sonat

Author(s): Zoumroud Alieva / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: Beethoven; Tolstoy; Kreutzer Sonata; Inspiration In Arts;

The purpose of this article is to examine how Ludwig Van Beethoven’s 9th Violin and Piano Sonata, also known as Kreutzer Sonata, has influenced the creation process of the works of many artists in the world. The best example to this is probably Lev Tolstoy’s long story named also “The Kreutzer Sonat” written in 1889. This long story is about destructive love, burning anger and deadly jealousy that destroy the life of an unhappy couple. This important work by Tolstoy has been seen as an attempt to question the role and the place of the woman, as well as the way the society expected or understood their relation to love, to marriage and to family life in the 19th century aristocratic culture and religion. The fact that Lev Tolstoy has given to his famous long story the same title as Beethoven’s Sonata is almost a tribute to Beethoven’s revolutionary demeanor in his “Kreutzer Sonata”. Tolstoy the author, has probably attributed several implications and meanings to the word ‘Kreutzer” which can always be analyzed in literature. The creative process of this long story that transcends all the formal, periodical, and intellectual obstacles makes us aware of the fact that Tolstoy has followed Beethoven’s attitude as a free and creative and protest artist. Nikolai Rubinstein, a close friend of Tolstoy’s, has probably played an important role by drawing Tolstoy’s attention to the first part of Beethoven’s “the Kreutzer Sonata”, which breaks the accepted patterns of the sonata form. Beethoven’s Sonata and Tolstoy’s long story bearing the same name; “Kreutzer Sonata”, both in their ways, continue to affect the creativity processes of young artists’ minds all over the world.

The ”Emil Botta” Memorial Home/ Rereading Anna Karenina

Casa memorială ”Emil Botta”/ Recitind Anna Karenina

Author(s): Ileana Mălăncioiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: Emil Botta; recitiri;

Alessandro Barbero, The Battle: A New History of Waterloo, Editura BIC ALL, Bucureşti, 2005

Alessandro Barbero, Bătălia. Aşa a fost la Waterloo, Editura BIC ALL, Bucureşti, 2005

Author(s): Gheorghe Negustor / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 8-9/2006

War, peace and Franco-Russian relations: French translations of Tolstoy’s “Sebastopol Sketches” in periodicals (1855–1885)

War, peace and Franco-Russian relations: French translations of Tolstoy’s “Sebastopol Sketches” in periodicals (1855–1885)

Author(s): Gaëtan Regniers / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: Fiction in periodicals; Russian-French translation; Leo Tolstoy; “Sebastopol Sketches”; Crimean War; Franco-Russian alliance;

French translations of Tolstoy’s Crimean war prose (published in periodicals between 1855 and 1885) were designed to reflect the dominant discourse of the era. These translations of the Sebastopol Sketches reveal a pattern of engaging with the topicality in this period, ranging from an act of soft diplomacy to the amplification of the Russophile noise of the 1880s. This article proposes a context-driven approach to reconstruct the discourse (often only implied). An analysis of macrostructural equivalence shows a pattern of (de)selecting practices similar to processes used in contemporary mass-media: adding sentences, using paraphrases or interjections to smoothen transitions, restructuring plot elements, and highlighting distinct features.

The Contribution of Russian Writers to the Development of Pedagogy

Contribuţia scriitorilor ruşi la dezvoltarea pedagogiei

Author(s): Aura Hapenciuc / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2013

Keywords: pedagogy; early modern period; modern period; postmodern period; reform; pedagogical thought; pedagogical conception; culture; historical dimension; writer; education; educational system;

The paper The Contribution of Russian Writers to the Development of Pedagogy emphasizes the involvement of Russian writers in social life, their connection to the history of social thought and of education. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the national identity of Russian pedagogy, the originality of its historical destiny. The specific role of Russian writers in the development of pedagogy is explained by the awareness of a certain prophetic mission that the Russians have. The intellectual contribution and the social involvement of many Russian writers, like Michail Lomonosov, A.N. Radishcev, N.I. Novicov, K.D. Ushinsky, N.G. Tchernyshevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, A.S. Makarenko, V.A. Suhomlinsky, is considerable. For example, the Soviet writer and educator A.S. Makarenko developed the theory and methodology of team education and the theory of family education, K.D. Ushinsky is the founder of the scientific pedagogy in Russia, the novelist L.N. Tolstoy developed the idea of free education, the publicist and writer V.A. Suhomlinsky made an important contribution to the theory and practice of humanistic education. We have to remark that man is a cultural being and pedagogy is a science of culture that communicates with the great works of human culture. Considering the fact that the term "paideia" is used with the meaning of “education”, but also with a wider and deeper meaning, regarding the "culture of the spirit" it is understandable why artists have excelled in the field of pedagogy.

Vladimir Tuchkov’s intertextual transgression: Folklore, parody, and social criticism1

Vladimir Tuchkov’s intertextual transgression: Folklore, parody, and social criticism1

Author(s): Nicolas Dreyer / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Vladimir Tuchkov; satire; intertextuality; fable; fairy-tales

This essay aims at analysing and illustrating a segment of the post-Soviet short fiction of the contemporary Russian writer Vladimir Tuchkov. It specifically discusses his collection of very short stories And he earned many dollars…: New Russian fairy-tales. These short stories exemplify many characteristics of Tuchkov’s oeuvre more generally. The discussion analyses the satirical contents of these miniature fictions, which the author places in the tradition of the Russian classics and of Russian folklore, within the theoretical context of parody, pastiche, intertextuality, and folklore. Tuchkov’s short narratives create a de-familiarised, quasi-mythological space where pre-modern, Soviet, and post-Soviet times converge. This results in the critical, satirical foregrounding of certain continuities in Russian culture, society, and mentality throughout the centuries despite the enormous political and social change, which it has experienced, as much as constituting, like Russia’s traditional fables, a critical and satirical engagement with contemporary social reality in Russia. The contribution examines the specific intertextuality with a satirical folkloristic genre as a literary expression, which reverberates with a post-Soviet readership, given its inherent concern with social structures. It is suggested that the employment of these concepts and literary forms in this combination serves to reinforce their overall effect of creating a hyperbolised, satirical representation of social reality.

Calendric Feast Bans and the Punishment for Violating Them in the Bulgarian Traditional Culture

Calendric Feast Bans and the Punishment for Violating Them in the Bulgarian Traditional Culture

Author(s): Irina Aleksandrovna Sedakova / Language(s): English / Issue: 87/2022

Keywords: Bulgarian folklore; cult of saints; ethnolinguistics; prescriptions; punishment; ritual year; semiotics; sins;

The paper offers an interdisciplinary ethnolinguistic and semiotic analysis of the Bulgarian calendric prohibitions and the consequences of violating them. Special attention is paid to linguistic data – the chrononyms which characterize these days as ambivalent, both blessed and malevolent, days which must be observed as work-free and free from other types of activity. Folk etymology of some terms for holidays reveals how language constructs the calendric order and offers an insight into the ritual restrictions of some feasts. The list of bans in an ethnographic context is scrutinized according to which holidays are “dangerous”, who is the subject of the bans, and what punishment will follow for breaking the rules. Holidays for which non-observance is most seriously punished are Christian calendric feasts which often have many pre-Christian elements and occasionally reflect the cult of animals. Many restrictions affect women only, especially those who are pregnant and mothers, as they concern female biological and social functions. Folklore parallels to the theme of the article are investigated and a poetic means of depicting the punishment for the sins is shown. A reverse development of the motif of ‘sin and punishment’ is represented in the songs about Saint Nedelia, who does not punish the sinners but suffers herself because people work on ‘her days’, Sundays. Some of the bans and recommendations relevant for calendric rituals are still evident in Bulgarian society, confirming the continuation of certain features of the archaic worldview. The paper is based on field research data collected by the author during the last three decades and on published and archival materials.

Camelia Dinu (coord.), Simbolismul în literaturile slave

Camelia Dinu (coord.), Simbolismul în literaturile slave

Author(s): Bianca Alexandra Cojocaru / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Book review; Camelia Dinu; Symbolism in Slavic literatures;

Review of: Camelia Dinu (coord.), Simbolismul în literaturile slave, București, Pro Universitaria, 2020, 263p., ISBN 978-606-26-1233-7