Keywords: Alfred Verdross; Jacques Maritain; prawo natury; koncepcje
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Keywords: painting of Our Lady of Czerwińsk; Our Lady of Czerwińsk; Czerwińsk; Marian cult
The cult of Our Lady in the Czerwińsk church of the Canons Regular dates back to the church’s beginnings. It was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, which is confirmed in the bull of Pope Hadrian IV from 1155. The patroness of the church and the abbey has always been especially venerated there, as witnessed in the monastery’s liturgy and customs. In 1612, Łukasz of Łowicz was commissioned by the Czerwińsk Canons Regular to do a painting of Our Lady (figs.1, 2) modelled on Our Lady of the Snows (S. Maria Maior, Salus Populi Romani, fig. 1) from the Roman Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. Around 1630, the painting was placed on the new high altar. Venerated by the faithful, it came to be known as miraculous. Miracles had been testified to since 1647, and were officially recognized in 1648. The cult of the painting of Our Lady of Czerwińsk in Her sanctuary, called the Jasna Góra of Czerwińsk has continued uninterrupted to this day. On September 6, 1970, the painting was crowned with papal crowns by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, Primate of Poland. In the Czerwińsk sanctuary over 100 silver votive plates offered by pilgrims have been preserved (figs. 3 -10), the oldest of them dating from the 1640s
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Keywords: recenzja
Recenzje książek: Юрась Грыбоўскі Беларусы ў польскіх рэгулярных вайсковых фармаваннях - Юрась Грыбоўскі; Günter Grass – szaman literatury niemieckiej - Norbert Honsza; Przekład ustny konferencyjny - Tyruk Małgorzata; Representing East Germany since Unification. From Colonization to Nostalgia - Paul Cooke;
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Keywords: health promotion; health promoting school; European conferences; concept evolution
Health promotion requires intervention in social systems and encouraging them to develop a healthy environment. School is one of the important social systems contributing to health promotion. “The health promoting school” (HPS) programme was established in the 1980s while looking for ways of putting the health promotion concept into practice. The milestones in developing this programme were: the pilot project “The Health Promoting School” (1992–1995), establishing the European Network of Health Promoting Schools (1992) (transformed into Schools for Health in Europe in 2008) and four European conferences organized within the framework of these networks (1997, 2002, 2009, 2013). This article presents a discussion of the four resolutions which were the final documents of these conferences. They described the basic principles of HPS and the aims and directions of activities for further programme development. The documents are addressed to the people who create the educational and health policy, teachers and researchers in European countries who should support the development of HPSs – recognized as an investment in health, education and democracy.
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Keywords: social participation;social consultations;strategy;residents;regional capital city
The article addresses social participation in the creation of city strategies for the capitals of Polish voivodeships. The main research problem is the assessment of the relationship between the document's socialization process and its final version. The analysis showed that local authorities socialize the process ofcreating strategies, but the range of methods used to engage residents is varied. Analysis of selected case studies also showed that strategic documents that were prepared in a socialized way do not change their char-acter as a result of final public consultations.
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Keywords: Function of website; Symbolic message; Theater website; Usability; User Experience
CEL/TEZA: Głównymi celami były opis przekazu symbolicznego oraz ocena User Experience serwisów teatrów krakowskich. Serwisom WWW przypisano możliwość wspomagania realizacji pozainstrumentalnych potrzeb użytkownika. KONCEPCJA/METODY BADAŃ: Zastosowano metodologię jakościową. Materiał gromadzono za pomocą TAP i techniki inspirowanej procedurą ZMET. W badaniu wzięło udział dziesięciu użytkowników związanych ze środowiskiem teatralnych. Zbadano serwisy dziewięciu teatrów. Materiał poddano analizie tematycznej. WYNIKI I WNIOSKI: Przekaz symboliczny opisano na przykładzie serwisu Teatru Scena STU. Za czynniki wpływające na przekaz symboliczny uznano cechy indywidualne użytkownika, nastawienie emocjonalne i elementy wnoszone przez interakcję użytkownik-serwis. Stwierdzono, że pozytywna ocena użyteczności niekoniecznie przekłada się na oczekiwany przekaz symboliczny. ORYGINALNOŚĆ/WARTOŚĆ POZNAWCZA: Artykuł stanowi przyczynek do badań nad zależnościami między przekazem symbolicznym, przekazem informacyjnym oraz użytecznością serwisów WWW, dotąd nieporuszanymi na gruncie informatologii.
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Keywords: economy 4.0; industrial relations; social dialogue
The article describes the features of the 4.0 economy which are linked to the so-called ‘cancer stage capitalism’, and which influence the directions of development of European industrial relations. This extensive research area has been reduced to those elements of transformations associated with the progress of the 4.0 economy that undermine or invalidate the existing ‘regimes’, developed so far in the framework of certain ‘matters’, including public affairs, industrial relations and social dialogue.
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Keywords: forensic sciences; industrial revolution; new technologies; technological abuses; law; ethics;
The purpose of the article is to discuss the problem of correlation between forensic sciences and technological pillars of the fourth industrial revolution. The achievements Industry 4.0 were presented from the perspective of the possible technological abuses, as well as from the point of view of the impact of these scientific and technical achievements on the research interests of forensic sciences. Among the problems faced by both forensic sciences and criminal proceedings in the 21st century is the issue of the human-technology relationship. Therefore, an attempt was made to analyze its conditions, including legal and ethical aspects. Forensic sciences grew out of the needs of law. Science achieves its purposes. It has specific tasks in the investigation of crime. It should be emphasized that from the very beginning forensic scientists get inspired by scientific and technical achievements. The development of forensic examination is progressing as a result. Significant progress has been made in the area of examination of identification. Expert opinion is important evidence in a criminal trial. There are reasons to claim that the meaning of this proof will continue to increase. Industrial revolutions are a kind of turning point in the development of forensics.
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Keywords: collective learning; food sovereignty; agroecology; alternative food networks; critical education; transformative potential;
The paper analyses collective learning strategies aimed at the transformation of food systems in the framework of food sovereignty, in the context of such key issues as environmental sustainability, socially just relations in diversified economy, and citizen participation in food systems governance. In particular, the author proposes to focus on the systematisation created by Colin R. Anderson, Chris Maughan and Michel P. Pimbert on the basis of their qualitative and action research undertaken for the purpose of developing the European Agroecology Knowledge Exchange Network (EAKEN). The network is part of the broader process of knowledge circulation led by the La Via Campesina movement, which has introduced the concept of food sovereignty into wider public debates. The main objective of EAKEN is to strengthen bottom-up learning strategies and informal education processes in the field of agroecology, which is defined through reference to sustainable farming practices and their recognised transformative potential. The author considers the pillars of transformative agroecology learning identified by the above-mentioned researchers in combination with various approaches in social movement learning and critical pedagogy. The analysis recognises that the evolving concept of food sovereignty covers both rural and urban fields of activity, emphasising the connections between producers, workers, consumers and social activists. Consequently, this paper contributes to the discussion on the educational practices present in alternative food networks (AFNs). As studies indicate, although new AFNs in Poland are often inspired by initiatives created in Western Europe and USA, they adopt forms that depend on the local context. The analysis of learning strategies associated with such networks, taking into account different forms of power relations, as well as emerging opportunities and constraints, allows areas for future research to be identified.
More...Keywords: René Descartes; Georges de La Tour; modernity; experience; body; Baroque; abstraction
Krytyczne omówienie książki Marty Olesik Kwadrat przebity włócznią. René Descartes, Georges de La Tour, nowoczesne doświadczenie ciała i zmysłowa praktyka abstrakcji (Warszawa, 2020).
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Keywords: offending religious feelings; legal culture; cultural defense; Polish religious culture; obraza uczuć religijnych; kultura prawna; obrona przez kulturę; polska kultura religijna
Drawing on the example of the conflicts around the monthly Smolensk commemorations in 2017, the article discusses the issue of taking into account the tradition of Polish religious culture in cases pursued under article 196 of the Penal Code. Using the rule of cultural defense as an analogy, the Author recalls the historical roots of traditional Polish religiosity whose main features crystallized in the baroque (Sarmatism) era. One of the most important features of this religiosity is the close connection between religion and politics. The lack of statehood in the period of partitions and during the communist times enhanced, in a similar way to the diasporic culture of Judaism, the interconnections between religion and secular spheres of life. The Author suggests taking into account the cultural factor when analyzing cases pertaining to offending religious feelings that arise nowadays as the dominant character of traditional religious culture is being undermined. The clash between traditional culture and the liberal and leftist heritage of the Enlightenment (which determines contemporary Polish legal culture) has led to growing divergences in the symbolic sensitivity and perception of the axiological foundations of the State. The preamble to the 1997 Constitution illustrates these divergences well.
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Keywords: chancel screen; digital reconstruction; Dominican Order; Cracow; St. Hyacinth;
An attempt to reconstruct the rood screen from the mid-13th century and of the chancel screen from the late 14th century in Cracow's Dominican Church is presented; the reconstruction is based on excavations, architectural research, written records, and laser scanning measurements of the Church. The first screen was a partition wall opened up with two passages. The second, of the type of a Hallenlettner type was five-span with the lateral spans functioning as separate chapels and the middle span communicating the nave with the gallery. In 1543, the chancel screen was altered owing to the construction of the Chapel of St Hyacinth on the first storey. In 1581-1583, the chancel screen was pulled down as the Chapel was extended.
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Keywords: Marie Casimire D'Arquein Sobieska; John III Sobieski; Augustus II the Strong; Joachim Daniel von Jauch; Alessandro Galli-Bibiena; Capuchin Church in Warsaw; exequies; burials of hearts; 18th-century;
The artistic setting of the exequies performed on the initiative of Augustus the Strong to pray for Marie Casimire Sobieska in 1717 and the ceremonies connected with the lying in state of the coffins of the Queen, John III Sobieski, and of their grandson, mounted by Prince James Sobieski in 1733, are discussed. The analysis of the drawings by Joachim Daniel Jauch from the Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv collection in Dresden, supported by archival sources, allowed to systemize the rich iconographic material related to the artist's designs for the burial of the heart of Augustus II the Strong in the Royal Chapel in 1736, its decoration, and the church's décor during the exequies for the monarch performed, as instructed by Augustus III, on his death anniversary for almost twenty-five years. The above ceremonies, celebrated in one of the most important sacral foundations of John III, constituted an important element of the Saxon political propaganda.
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Keywords: Vilnius; architecture; late Baroque; Vilnius architecture variant; Johann Christoph Glaubitz; Abraham Würtzner; Abraham Genu; bell tower of the Church of All Saints in Vilnius; Carmelite Church;
An attempt at describing the profile of the architect Abraham, most likely bearing the family name of Würtzner (before 1700-1758) is undertaken. Archival sources confirm that he came from the «Imperial Countries». Highly likely father of the son Ignacy, also an architect, he was additionally a relative of Johann, a goldsmith, who came to Vilnius from Lidzbark Warmiñski. Furthermore, the sources confirm the participation of the architect Abraham in the creation of the majority of works promoting the ideas of Borromini and Guarini, lately attributed to Glaubitz or to an «anonymous Italian architect». Abraham thus authored unusual Carmelite edifices in Vilnius and Głêbokie, he raised the towers of the £ukiszki Dominican Church, and the genuine church of the Piarist College at £u¿ki near Głêbokie (1742). Furthermore, he raised some edifices in Minsk and Nowogródek. Despite any direct references lacking with respect to definite projects, Abraham’s distinctive style allows to attribute to him a number of buildings both within Vilnius itself (façades of the Churches of the Visitation Nuns, the Franciscans, and of the Augustines), in Minsk (façades of the Dominican and Bernardine Churches, the tower in front of the Jesuit College), and in Nowogródek (Orthodox Church at the Castle?), as well as in the provinces, e.g., the Iwieniec Parish Church or the Zdziêcioł Palace of the Radziwiłłs (1729-1731?).
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Keywords: Zamysłów (Hinzendorf); Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer (1689-1751); 18th century art; late Baroque;
Despite its high artistic quality, the architecture of the Parish Church of St Mary Magdalene at Zamysłów (Hinzendorf) has not as yet been separately studied. The foundation of the building was initiated by Fr Philip Valentin Hoffman, and it was financed by the Poor Clares of the Głogów Convent with construction works having been completed by 1752. The conducted formal analysis allows to identify the resemblance of the church's layout to that of the Benedictine Church at Legnickie Pole (1727-1731) designed by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer.
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Keywords: Trinitarian art; Church of the Holy Trinity in Lvov; Church of St Nicholas in Lvov; Late Baroque Rococo; Stanisław Stroiński; Johann Georg Pinsel; Bernard Meretyn; Sebastian Fesinger;
Both Lviv churches of the Trinitarians: of the Holy Trinity and of St Nicholas were given high-quality artistic Late Baroque décor and furnishing which have for long incited scholars interest. In the works conducted in 1750-1758 in the first of the churches Katarzyna Brzezina identified the participation of e.g. Stanisław Stroiński, Johann Georg Pinsel, and Bernard Meretyn. The previously unused source information demonstrates that they played a key role in the project, conducting the first in Lviv complex transformation of a church interior in the Rococo spirit. Its results have not survived, contrary to the stucco decoration and furnishing of the Church of St Nicholas executed mainly in the 1740s and 70s. A thorough analysis of their form and of written sources has allowed to verify contradictory attributions and datings, abounding in the literature on the subject.
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Keywords: Bach; von Balthasar; aesthetics; philosophy; music; religion; art; theology;
In the first part of his magnum opus Hans Urs von Balthasar presents his project of theological aesthetics where the experience of art becomes an entrance to a religious act and an ennobling way leading to the contemplation of God. Defining the essence of being human as a spiritual being directed towards God bears a deep ethical meaning in this consideration. H.U. von Balthasar’s reflection over the religious dimension of the essence of art is shaped within theology but at the same time in the opposition to aesthetic theology which is described as ‘aesthetisation’ of the Mystery of Revelation. The art of music occupies a particular place in this reflection. For this reason Mass in B Minor BWV 232 by Johann Sebastian Bach, which is an emblematic example of the revelation of the glory of the Lord (Herrlichkeit), will be analysed not only from the perspective of philosophical or musicological aesthetics, but also theological aesthetics. This article outlines characteristic features of theological aesthetics specifically developed from traditional philosophical aesthetics whose range was extended by the human being’s relation to God.
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Keywords: CSR; responsible education; CSR awareness; responsible university;
Purpose: This paper focuses on CSR education in the Higher Education Institutions. It analyzes current approaches to this education and the enhancements already deployed in the international perspective. The main aim is to conceptualize on CSRS education forms within the context of technology-oriented HEIs and propose the model for this education. This model has also been partially verified using the cases of four technical universities. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses qualitative and quantitative research methods. The literature review is applied to trace HEIs’ educational and organizational CSR commitment methods. Based on this review, we proposed a model of CSRS education in HEIs. Using this model, we checked to what extent its elements are used in four technical universities from: Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Poland. For this purpose, educational programs at universities were analyzed. We also confronted the activity of these universities with the students’ knowledge about CSRS. The results of the survey conducted among 3,424 students from these universities contributed to elaborating on this aspect. Findings: The results confirm that students are ignorant of CSR, even those studying at business faculties. What is surprising, even those students who are business owners do not demonstrate a high level of knowledge about CSR. Universities, on the other hand, do not offer the possibility of eliminating this ignorance. Meanwhile, we believe they can do so not only through the standing-alone CSRS education but also by including CSR in other courses and by giving a good example. Research limitations/implications: Due to language barriers, the submitted model was only partially verified at selected universities. We are also aware that the described situation may be one-sided as the four cases presented in this study are homogeneous, as they represent technical universities, so only one profile among a variety of universities’ profiles (technical versus humanities versus economic). Moreover, the conducted research covered students and universities from Central and Eastern Europe, which might also have an impact on the obtained results. Originality/value: Bearing in mind the current level of implementation of education in the area of CSR and the results of the research carried out, we propose a model of education that includes three pillars: a good example of a university (socially responsible university), responsible managers education (RME) and raising awareness among students of non-business faculties (ASR). At the same time, we indicated a large gap between the educational needs in the area of CSRS and the offer of four technical universities.
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Keywords: neoclassical realism; research program; progress; Lakatos
The aim of this article is to assess the progressiveness of neoclassical realism (NCR) in the context of neorealism’s development. By appealing to the idea of Lakatos research programs, it shows possible ways of NCR’s development and projects its possible futures. The article proceeds in three parts. The first one juxtaposes literature concerning Lakatos’s notion of scientific progress in IR with the philosopher himself and consequently shows how trying to operationalize his methodology in social science is not the way to go. The paper refers to both Elmans’ (2002, 2003) and Schweller’s (2003) proposals, pointing out that the first attempt at a detailed operationalization of Lakatos’s idea is not possible in social sciences, and that the second, relying on a commonsense approach, also proved insufficient to apply Lakatos’s criteria in practice. The second part of the article identifies the theoretical contents of NCR: hard core as well as its positive and negative heuristic, whereas the third one presents how Lakatos’s philosophy inspired the authors to develop three metaphors – weathered tree, graft, and seedling – that help to convey something about the present version of NCR and its possible futures. Conclusions draw the readers’ attention to the question whether and which of the presented metaphors shows the progressive promise of NCR’s progress as understood in Lakatos’ terms.
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Keywords: hidden curriculum; philosophical inquiry; education;
Bohdan Chwedeńczuk has asked provocatively: what is the purpose of doing philosophy? We can treat this question as a philosophical one. Nevertheless in this article I would like to treat it as a question concerning education. Polish philosophical community basically agrees that providing philosophy lessons would be a valuable supplement for general education in Poland. However there is no agreement in case of how and what exactly we should teach in philosophy class. I argue that philosophy lessons are beneficial for students. My argumentation is based on critical theory in educational research, in which key theme is educational curriculum’s inquiry. I separate three kind of educational curriculum: hidden curriculum, null curriculum and informal curriculum. I’m going to argue that philosophy lessons are not only beneficial for future students’ lives, but also helpful for coping with school routine.
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