Keywords: Criminal phenomenology; types of offenses; convicted children;
Since children represent a young age category, they should be treated in a special way both from the society and from the state institutions when it comes to combating crime, in order to reach the sole aim of their (re)socialization and (re)integration. This research paper will analyze the phenomenology of the juvenile deliquency (its structure, dynamics and volume) in the Republic of Macedonia during the time period of 2006-2015. The analysis concludes that on the top of the list of crime mostly committed by children are the property crimes. Therefore, children are more prone to commit theft, petty theft, pick-pocketing, stealing from vehicles and other forms of theft. This is followed by offenses against public order; as well as crimes against life and body committed by juveniles, such as murder, participation in beatings and other forms of violence, etc. The research also reflects the the real picture of the convicted children based on gender, ethnic belonging, the level of education, family status, and the location where the offense has taken place.
More...Keywords: 100-dinar banknote; 1000-dinar banknote; National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; Banque de France; Ignjat Bajloni; Đorđe Vajfert; Marko Stojanović; Andrija Radović;Miloš Obrenović;
Near the end of 1920 the National Bank of the Kingdom of SCS ordered the production of not only 10-, but also 100- and 1000-dinar banknotes which were produced by Banque de France. The 100-dinar banknote bears the date 30 November 1920. It was released into circulation as of 1 January 1925, and was withdrawn in Serbia from 1-10 July 1941. The other two types of banknotes bear the date 1 December 1929, and were released into circulation as of 21 January 1931 and 1 November 1937, respectively. There are two types of the 1000-dinar banknote dated 30 November 1920. The difference between them is in the subsequently added rosette on the type 2 banknote, due to the appearance of counterfeit banknotes. The banknote without the rosette was released into circulation as of 11 April 1923. The replacement of these banknotes by those with the rosette was carried out between 21 December 1931 and the end of February 1932. The withdrawal of the rosette banknote lasted from 4 May 1933 until 4 May 1936.
More...Keywords: WWI; Orthography; Croatian language; Linguistics; Philology; Slavic Studies;
In the article the author follows reverberations in Split of the Skerlic’s »Language Poll« after the First World War. The aim of the Poll was to persuade Croatian writers to accept standard Serbian as a mode of literary expression.
More...The recent study of the twenty-four working drawings and sketches (anthivola) of the Makris-Margaritis Collection proved particularly fruitful to explore the relationships and interactions between local ecclesiastical art workshops active during the 19th century in the southern Balkans. The comparative study of these working drawings on the one hand confirmed their origin from the Marinas family workshop from the village of Chioniades in Epirus and on the other hand highlighted that this archive also includes drawings of other contemporary renowned ateliers of the southern Balkans. However, most drawings are associated with Athonite artistic workshops, whose production reached wider area of the southern Balkans.
More...The priest Nikolas, son of priest Christo, ordered the icon in 1783. For creating the image an unusual iconography, inspired of the schemas of “The Virgin – Life-giving Spring“ and “Presentation of the Virgin“, was used. The picture presents a ceremony in which some folkloric elements are included. The stylistic features are very similar with those of the 1768 icon of “Ap. Tomas with scenes of his life“. Probably the two works of art are painted in the same artistic atelier, which functioned in the today South-West Bulgarian territories.
More...Keywords: fra Ilija Starčević; Franciscan; Educational work; pastoral work; 19th century; Tolisa; Kraljeva Sutjeska; Church restorer;
Kao i na drugim životnim područjima, tako i u svećeničkome djelovanju postoje vidljivi i manje vidljivi učinci napora koje pojedinac čini kako bi se što potpunije ostvario u zajednici u kojoj živi, kako bi što cjelovitije dao doprinos razvoju društva i ostavio trag. Ta težnja za ostavljanjem traga u ljudskoj zajednici ne mora nužno potjecati iz tašte duše, ona je prije svega utemeljena u čovjekovoj želji da čini dobro i da svoje ja dovede do ispunjenja. Tako i u svećeničkome djelovanju postoje materijalni tragovi rada i zalaganja, ali i oni nematerijalni, duhovni, koji su puno važniji, ali su često budućim naraštajima manje vidljivi.
More...Keywords: Old Serbia; Podrim; Visoki Dečani monastery; Orahovac; Velika Hoča
The Serbian population in Old Serbia in the second half of the 19th century lived under the pressure of their Albanian neighbours. The Albanian aggression in Podrimlje, a micro-region of Metohija, also marked the epoch. The consequence of the Albanians’ violence was a change in the ethnic and religious image of numerous settlements to the detriment of Orthodox Serbs. The emigration of Serbs also implied the collapse or destruction of Orthodox churches and other material traces of Serbian medieval statehood. The text of Miloš Velimirović is based on his memories of his stay in Podrimlje in the 1860s, when he studied at the Dečani monastery. It contains information on settlements, onomastics, ethnic distribution, churches, monasteries, and their remains, as well as the customs and lifestyle of the Podrimlje Serbs. Given that very few narrative sources have been preserved about the past of the Podrimlje Serbs before the last quarter of the 19th century, this source is a valuable testimony to local history, as well as the history of Old Serbia as a whole.
More...Keywords: nationality; Croats; nation; Croatization; people;
The paper will analyze the volatility and fluidity of the notion of nationality. A brief chronological overview of changes in the administrative understanding of nationality declaration in the Republic of Croatia will be presented. The phenomenon of the disappearance of the Yugoslav population from the census will be addressed, as well as the monetization of Croatianness in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
More...Keywords: monasticism; orthodox spirituality; historiographical legends; clarifications;
This study, entitled „Saint Nicodemus of Tismana in the Light of New Research”, covers the following divisions: Preliminaries; Duration of life, the birthplace and the ethnicity of the hesychast from Tismana; Own and assigned monasteries; St Nicodemus – a partial reorganizer of the Romanian monasticism; Possible agent of the byzantine Patriarchate or of the king Sigismund of Luxemburg?; A temporary persecution and the nicodemian curse; The problematic presence of Nicodemus the Sanctified in Şiria, Buda and Rome; The spiritual - cultural activity of Nicodemus, a Romanian by naturalization; Instead of conclusions.
More...Keywords: St. Peter's Church in Zavala; Zavala bibliography; wicker sculpture; Gothic layer of churches;
Publishing of the revision research of the site with St. Peter's Church in Zavala (Ravno) has not valorised previous papers in a satisfactory manner. Reminder of many earlier reviews of St. Peter's Church was missing. The claim which was not directed to this construction was taken over unverified. Considering the early phase of the site as the early Middle Ages is chronologically unconvincing, because there are solid leads for the late antique phase. The author did not refer to the paper which points to the same conclusion regarding the possible late dating of St. Peter's Church, within the Gothic period, which is reflected in terms of construction and floor plan with rectangular apse.
More...Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; Passenger transport; Rail transport; resilience;
The spread of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has urged to take special actions to limit the level of contagion. The unprecedented scale of measures declared by the national governments in nearly every country of the world would have a huge impact on public transport services and in general, on the citizens travel behaviours. This paper endeavours to give an overview of the emerged epidemic situation caused by COVID-19 in Hungary and some of its neighbouring Central and South-East European countries. It identifies the most important public transport service changes together with their interrelated impacts on the mobility patterns. The responses vary country per country so an overall comparison shows novel findings on emergency transport management policies.
More...Milošević (IT-02-54) “Kosovo, Hrvatska, BiH” Iz transkripta audio-zapisa sa suđenja Slobodanu Miloševiću.
More...The paper discusses visual testimonies, photographs, and video material, photographed in Montenegro in 1941, by the Italian cameramen and photographers, as a source of propaganda and documentary evidence. The corpus of photographs and video footage analyzed in this paper is preserved in Italian state and private archives in Rome and Milano,as well as in private collections.
More...Keywords: Ottoman Westernization; Late Ottoman architecture; Bulgaria and Istanbul; Nikola Fichev; Bulgarian Revival
After his stay in Edirne and Istanbul (1837–1841), Nikola Fichev returns to the Bulgarian lands with a rich and mature architectural vocabulary. This essay aims setting a new perspective on Fichev’s work investigating its multilayered relations with present-day Turkey’s architectural culture of 18th and early 19th centuries. This perspective, which is primarily based on architectural analysis and comparison, tries to reveal some aspects of the late Ottoman Istanbul’s dynamics of exchange as well as the personal impact of Fichev within the panorama of 19th century Bulgarian architecture.
More...Keywords: Ottoman State; Rumelia; Balkans; Vilayet of Danube; Nis;
Nis, one of the oldest settlements in the Balkans, was under Ottoman rule during the years 1386-1878. It was initially to the beylerbeylik of Rumelia, but it was later adjoined to the kaza of Smedereva and it kept this status until the 19th century. In the XIXth century are the years where most of the administrative changes in the administrative status of Nis happened. In fact, in 1839, with the addition of several settlements around it, it was transformed into an eyalet under the leadership of Ferik Vasëf Pasha and the borders were widened with the connectiont of Sofia, Smakov and Köstendil in 1847. However, due to the measures taken against the insurgent movements that started in Rumeli, initially Mitat Pasha was appointed vali, thus turning it into vilayet, and then in 1864, Silistra, Vidini and Nis merged to form the Danube Vilayet. This change did not last long since Nis with the status of sanjak joined the vilayet of Prizren. Four years later, when Shkodra and Prizren merged together in 1874, a vilayet called Manastir was formed, this time Nis rejoining the Danube Vilayet. Due to the endless movements in the Balkans of the time and the creation of two Bulgarian vilayets called Ternova and Sofia, in 1876, this time Nis joined Sofia. However, even this change did not last long and finally was again rejoined with Kosovo. Kosovo was also the last center with which Nis was connected during the Ottoman rule. In fact, Nis was included in the lands annexed by Serbia during Berlin Congress held after the Ottoman-Russian war of 1877-78.
More...Keywords: albanian language; albanian school; albanian newspaper
On the occasion of the 135th anniversary of the First Albanian School in Korçë, I will give some information about the articles that were published on this important date for our nation, in the newspaper “Flaka e vellazrimit” and later only “Flaka” that was published in Skopje. We have extended our research in two time periods of the newspaper (1950 - 1990; 1991 - 2005). For the record, its first issue was published in April 1945. Unfortunately, this newspaper is no longer being published. Otherwise, this newspaper for the Albanians of Eastern region (now North Macedonia) has played an extremely large role for the emancipation and for the cultural development of the Albanians.
More...Keywords: Language is the basic identity; a symbol of Albanians; melodic and rich
Since ancient times scholars and kings have been curious to know which language is older. Language, this foundation of identity, a symbol of Albanians, can not stay out of the interest of Albanian scholars, but above all foreigners such as Leibnitz, Mathurin Veyssiere La Croze (Matura, Vesijer la Kroz), L. Lamouche (Leon Lamosh), George von Hahn, Frantz Bopp, Norbert Jokli, Tagliavini, Gustav Mayer, Norbert Jokly, etc., who studied the origin and antiquity of the Albanian language, based on archaeological facts and arguments and ancient manuscripts. But the study and above all the love for the language, will not escape the pen of Albanian poets, such as Fishta, Naimi, Samiu, Noli, Mjedja, Vasa, Poradeci, they weave verses that climb like a spiral towards the sky, as a testament of the continuity of the nation, with a prominent emphasis on raising national consciousness. Their poetic world sails in a spirit of patriotism, where the love for the land is felt, the people, where they give orders to shake the imaginations that are foreign and annoying, for them, they live in a war ecstasy, strengthen the limbs, shoot, drive and the wolves are frightened, they do not bow before the enemies and so they move forward with pride ... Nothing can stop them from the ideal that has conquered them. These poems are a faithful reflection of the complex vitality, of the lively and noble vitality to preserve those original qualities, to fulfill their mission! Their poems are captivated by a sincere inspiring lyricism, which is expressed with bright images of the past that is today but also the future.
More...Keywords: local sacredness; bulgarian folklore;
More...Keywords: medieval Philippopolis; Plovdiv; book clasps; styluses.
The article presents three book clasps and two styluses. The objects have a standard shape and are common in the Middle Ages, but so far there are no such ones published by Plovdiv. This fills the map of their distribution in the Bulgarian lands during the Middle Ages. The first clasp is a small buckle and originates from a securely dated layer from the second half of the 12th – early 13th c. The second and third are sword-shaped. The second clasp originates from a securely dated layer, also the second half of the 12th – the beginning of the 13th c. A third was found in bulk layers from the 20th c., along with materials from antiquity, medieval times and the Ottoman period, but identically published by others with secure date in the Middle Ages, which allows the given here to no doubt be interpreted as medieval. The first stylus originates from a layer with a secure date the second half of the 12th – the beginning of the 13th c., and the second is in a contact zone between the layers of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, without being able to tell which of them belongs.
More...